Demographics of England

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Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox place demographics

Map of population density in England as at the 2011 census
The non-metropolitan counties and unitary authorities of England in 2020 by total population.

The demographics of England have been measured by the decennial national census since 1801, and are marked by centuries of population growth and urbanization. Due to the lack of authoritative contemporary sources, estimates of the population of England for dates prior to the first census in 1801 vary considerably. The population of England at the 2021 census was about 56,489,800.<ref name="auto1">Template:Cite web</ref>

Population

Template:See also

The population of England in 2021 was estimated to be 56,489,800.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This is the most recent census.<ref name=auto1/> In the previous census, in 2011, the population was 53,012,456.

Data for the 2021 census:

Historical population

Population of England over time

Template:See also

Domesday Population

Russell (1948) states that the fundamental demographic categories of the Domesday Survey in 1086 were broadly similar to that of the Poll Tax Survey of 1377.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> These were:

There was a recorded 740 monks, 200 nuns and 4500 secular clergy in 1086.<ref name=":0" /> The counties of Cheshire, Cumberland, Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire all had different boundaries to their modern namesakes and had uncharacteristically low populations due to the Harrying of the North.

Estimated Population of Domesday Counties<ref name=":0" />
County Landed group Burghal group Total
Bedfordshire 13,562 420 13,982
Berkshire 22,082 2,558 24,640
Buckinghamshire 18,879 560 19,439
Cambridgeshire 18,098 1,960 20,058
Cornwall 19,033 19,033
Derbyshire 9,982 490 10,472
Devon 60,095 2,562 62,657
Dorset 26,736 3,152 29,888
Essex 53,991 2,082 56,073
Gloucestershire 28,749 5,138 33,877
Hampshire 35,312 7,032 42,344
Herefordshire 18,543 1,991 20,534
Hertfordshire 14,388 1,558 15,946
Huntingdonshire 8,998 1,316 10,314
Kent 40,348 8,238 48,586
Leicestershire 23,320 1,278 24,598
Lincolnshire 83,384 6,957 90,341
Middlesex 7,833 17,850 25,683
Norfolk 87,437 8,001 95,438
Northamptonshire 29,008 1,032 30,040
Nottinghamshire 19,040 1,190 20,230
Oxfordshire 23,706 1,431 25,137
Rutland 2,992 2,992
Shropshire 17,056- 922 17,978
Somerset 46,473 3,811 50,284
Staffordshire 10,874 746 11,620
Suffolk 68,870 4,248 73,118
Surrey 14,728 1,197 15,925
Sussex 35,490 7,133 42,623
Warwickshire 22,631 1,284 23,915
Wiltshire 34,489 6,416 40,905
Worcestershire 15,449 1,550 16,999
Cheshire 4,038 2,142 6,180
Cumberland 5,971 5,971
Durham 3,983 1,000 4,983
Lancashire 7,385 7,385
Northumberland 7,927 7,927
Westmorland 3,098 3,098
Yorkshire 23,827 4,726 28,553
Total 987,805 111,971 1,099,766

Russell (1948) therefore calculates a total English population in 1086 as 1,105,216 including burgesses, landowners and clergy. To this he adds estimates of Wales (100,000), Ireland (400,000) and Scotland (120,000) for a total British Isles population of roughly 1,720,000.<ref name=":0" />

Template:Historical populations

Template:Historical populations

Template:Historical populations

Template:Largest Urban areas

Vital statistics

<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This is UK wide information.

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Fertility rates
1940 567,710 545,952 21,758 14.1 13.6 0.5
1941(c) 539,205 499,343 39,862 13.9 12.9 1.0
1942 608,373 448,777 159,596 15.6 11.5 4.1
1943 641,064 469,916 171,148 16.2 11.9 4.3
1944 704,748 461,189 243,559 17.7 11.6 6.1
1945 638,422 456,216 182,206 15.9 11.4 4.5
1946 773,153 460,543 312,610 19.2 11.4 7.8
1947 829,863 484,324 345,539 20.5 12.0 8.5
1948 728,131 439,803 288,328 17.9 10.8 7.1
1949 686,181 478,627 207,554 16.8 11.7 5.1
1950 654,321 477,006 177,315 15.5 11.3 4.2
1951(c) 41,164,356 636,259 513,375 122,884 15.5 12.5 3.0
1952 632,347 466,479 165,858 15.3 11.3 4.0
1953 642,844 472,137 170,707 15.5 11.3 4.2
1954 633,395 469,074 164,321 15.2 11.3 3.9
1955 628,935 484,926 144,009 15.0 11.7 3.3
1956 659,420 488,893 170,527 15.7 11.7 4.0
1957 681,736 482,174 199,562 16.1 11.5 4.6
1958 698,255 494,201 204,054 16.4 11.7 4.7
1959 706,239 495,517 210,722 16.5 11.6 4.9
1960 740,858 493,553 247,305 17.1 11.5 5.6
1961(c) 43,460,525 766,358 518,047 248,311 17.6 11.9 5.7
1962 793,354 523,855 269,499 18.0 12.0 6.0
1963 807,017 538,105 268,912 18.2 12.2 6.0
1964 828,470 501,991 326,479 18.5 11.3 7.2
1965 816,433 516,317 300,116 18.1 11.5 6.6
1966 804,957 528,981 275,976 17.7 11.8 5.9
1967 788,458 509,356 279,102 17.2 11.2 6.0
1968 775,065 541,862 233,203 16.9 11.9 5.0
1969 754,456 543,425 211,031 16.4 11.9 4.5
1970 741,999 540,196 201,803 16.0 11.6 4.4
1971(c) 46,411,700 740,099 532,445 207,654 15.9 11.5 4.4
1972 46,572,000 685,485 554,251 131,234 14.7 11.9 2.8
1973 46,686,000 638,356 549,876 88,480 13.7 11.8 1.9
1974 46,682,000 603,153 547,980 55,173 12.9 11.7 1.2
1975 46,674,000 568,900 545,444 23,456 12.2 11.7 0.5
1976 46,659,000 550,383 560,317 -9,934 11.8 12.0 -0.2
1977 46,639,000 536,953 538,652 -1,699 11.5 11.5 -0.0
1978 46,638,000 562,589 547,685 14,904 12.1 11.7 0.4
1979 46,698,000 601,316 554,840 46,476 12.9 11.9 1.0
1980 46,787,000 618,371 544,349 74,022 13.2 11.6 1.6
1981(c) 46,820,800 598,163 541,018 57,145 12.8 11.6 1.2
1982 46,777,000 589,711 544,984 44,727 12.6 11.7 0.9 1.76
1983 46,813,000 593,255 542,509 50,746 12.7 11.6 1.1 1.75
1984 46,912,000 600,573 531,314 69,259 12.8 11.3 1.5 1.75
1985 47,057,000 619,301 553,153 66,148 13.2 11.8 1.4 1.78
1986 47,187,000 623,609 544,545 79,064 13.2 11.5 1.7 1.76
1987 47,300,000 643,330 531,150 112,180 13.6 11.2 2.4 1.80
1988 47,412,000 654,353 535,553 118,800 13.8 11.3 2.5 1.82
1989 47,552,000 649,357 539,804 109,553 13.7 11.4 2.3 1.79
1990 47,699,000 666,920 528,920 138,000 14.0 11.1 3.9 1.83
1991(c) 47,875,000 660,806 533,980 126,826 13.8 11.2 2.6 1.81
1992 47,998,000 651,784 522,660 129,124 13.6 10.9 2.7 1.79
1993 48,102,000 636,473 540,904 95,569 13.2 11.2 2.0 1.76
1994 48,228,000 628,956 516,297 112,659 13.0 10.7 2.3 1.75
1995 48,383,000 613,257 529,038 84,219 12.7 10.9 1.8 1.71
1996 48,519,000 614,184 526,650 87,534 12.7 10.9 1.8 1.73
1997 48,664,000 608,202 521,598 86,604 12.5 10.7 1.8 1.73
1998 48,820,000 602,111 518,089 84,022 12.3 10.6 1.7 1.72
1999 49,032,000 589,468 517,119 72,349 12.0 10.5 1.5 1.69
2000 49,233,000 572,826 503,026 69,800 11.6 10.2 1.4 1.65
2001(c) 49,449,000 563,744 497,878 65,866 11.4 10.1 1.3 1.63
2002 49,679,000 565,709 500,792 64,917 11.4 10.1 1.3 1.64
2003 49,925,000 589,851 504,127 85,724 11.8 10.1 1.7 1.72
2004 50,194,000 607,184 480,717 126,467 12.1 9.6 2.5 1.77
2005 50,606,000 613,028 479,678 133,350 12.1 9.5 2.6 1.77
2006 50,965,000 635,748 470,326 165,422 12.5 9.2 3.3 1.83
2007 51,381,000 655,357 470,721 184,636 12.8 9.2 3.6 1.88
2008 51,815,000 672,809 475,763 197,046 13.0 9.2 3.8 1.92
2009 52,196,000 671,058 459,241 211,817 12.9 8.8 4.1 1.91
2010 52,642,000 687,007 461,017 225,990 13.1 8.8 4.3 1.94
2011(c) 53,107,000 688,120 452,862 235,258 13.0 8.5 4.5 1.93
2012 53,493,000 694,241 466,779 227,462 13.0 8.7 4.3 1.94
2013 53,865,000 664,517 473,552 190,965 12.3 8.8 3.5 1.85
2014 54,316,000 661,496 468,875 192,621 12.2 8.6 3.6 1.83
2015 54,786,000 664,399 495,309 169,090 12.1 9.0 3.1 1.82
2016 55,268,000 663,157 490,454 172,703 12.0 8.9 3.1 1.81
2017 55,619,000 646,794 498,882 147,912 11.6 9.0 2.6 1.76
2018 55,977,000 625,651 505,859 119,792 11.2 9.0 2.2 1.70
2019 56,287,000 610,505 488,952 121,553 10.8 8.7 2.1 1.66
2020 56,550,000 585,195 569,700 15,495 10.3 10.1 0.3 1.59
2021(c) 56,489,800 595,948 549,207 46,741 10.5 9.7 0.8 1.56
2022 57,106,398 577,046 540,333 36,713 10.2 9.5 0.7 1.49
2023 57,910,000 563,561 544,032 19,529 9.8 9.4 0.4 1.44
2024 58,560,000 567,708 531,953 35,755 9.7 9.1 0.6 1.42

(c) = Census results.

In 2024, 34.7% of live births were to mothers born outside the UK and for 40.4% of live births, one or both parents were born outside of the UK.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Current vital statistics

The number of registered births and deaths correspond to England and Wales, since the Office for National Statistics provides provisional monthly birth data without distinguishing both countries.

Period Live births<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Deaths <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Natural increase
January—June 2024 278,655 294,087 -15,432
January—June 2025 276,063 297,366 -21,303
Difference Template:Decrease -2,592 (-0.93%) Template:Increasenegative +3,279 (+1.11%) Template:Decrease -5,871

Historical per cent distribution of the total population by age

<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Ages 1901 1931 1951 1961
0–14 years 32 24 22 23
15–64 years 63 69 67 65
65 years and over 5 7 11 12
Total (%) 100 100 100 100

Country of birth

Country of birth given by respondents in the corresponding UK censuses were as follows:

File:Born Outside England 2011 Census.png
Map showing the percentage of the population born outside England according to the 2011 census.

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Country of birth 1971<ref>Taken from Casweb UK Data Service from the 1971 UK wide Census. SAS08 of Country of Birth of England.</ref> 1981<ref>Taken from Casweb UK Data Service from the 1981 UK wide Census. Table 4 of Country of Birth in England.</ref> 1991<ref name="GB_LBS91_1991">Template:Cite web Tables L01 to L18: Demographic and economic characteristics > L07 Country of birth</ref> 2001<ref name="UV008">Template:Cite web</ref> 2011<ref name="QS213EW">Template:Cite web</ref> 2021<ref name="TS012">Template:Cite web</ref>
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Template:Flag 41,951,042 91.3% 42,620,882 93.1% 43,506,411 92.46% 44,594,817 90.75% 45,675,317 86.16% 46,687,505 82.65%
Template:Flag 40,374,714 87.9% 41,084,399 89.8% 42,003,211 89.3% 42,968,596 87.44% 44,246,592 83.46% 45,388,724 80.35%
Template:Flag 716,499 1.6% 731,412 1.7% 743,856 1.58% 794,577 1.62% 708,872 1.34% 626,443 1.11%
Template:Flag 632,548 1.4% 573,014 1.3% 545,381 1.16% 609,711 1.24% 506,619 0.96% 478,697 0.85%
Template:Flag 227,281 0.5% – – 211,133 0.45% 215,124 0.44% 206,735 0.39% 190,541 0.34%
Template:Flag (not otherwise specified) – – 232,057 2,830 0.01% 6,809 0.01% 6,499 0.01% 2,612
Europe (non-UK) 1,217,245 2.7% 1,142,182 2.4% 1,196,524 2.5% 1,450,260 2.95% 2,375,441 4.5% 4,042,538 7.16%
Template:Flagicon Ireland 647,429 1.4% 567,021 1.3% 555,805 1.18% 460,287 0.94% 395,182 0.75% 314,674 0.56%
Channel Islands & Isle of Man – – – – 26,303 0.06% 27,550 0.06% 24,653 0.05%
Total born in all EU Member Countries (excluding Ireland) 569,816<ref group="note">Figure accounts for all of Europe apart from Ireland</ref> 1.2% 340,113 0% 452,092 1% 660,061 1.34% 1,980,259 3.73% 3,236,799 5.73%
EU Member Countries (joined pre-2001)
or EEC Members 		– – 340,113 452,092 1% – – 894,908 1.69% 1,263,707 2.24%
Template:Flagicon Germany – – – – 193,346 0.41% 233,418 0.48% 262,356 0.49% 252,252 0.45%
Template:Flagicon Italy – – – – 83,724 0.18% 98,757 0.20% 131,195 0.25% 272,019 0.48%
Template:Flagicon France – – – – 49,947 0.11% 87,562 0.18% 127,601 0.24% 152,697 0.27%
Template:Flagicon Spain – – – – 37,006 0.08% 50,431 0.10% 77,554 0.15% 163,848 0.29%
Other EU Member Countries
(joined post-2001) 		– – – – – – – – 1,085,351 2.04% 1,973,092 3.49%
Template:Flagicon Poland – – – – 68,049 0.14% 56,679 0.12% 561,098 1.06% 718,251 1.27%
Template:Flagicon Romania – – – – 3,762 0.01% 7,077 0.01% 78,192 0.15% 530,320 0.94%
Other non-EU Europe – – 235,048 0.5% 115,247 0.2% – – – – 491,065 0.87%
Template:Flagicon Turkey – – – – 26,016 0.06% 52,402 0.11% 89,484 0.17% 124,758 0.22%
Template:Flag – – – – 25,235 0.05% 27,250 0.06% – – – –
Africa 148,473 0.3% 278,678 0.6% 456,396 1% 798,218 1.62% 1,290,611 2.43% 1,558,199 2.76%
Template:Flagicon South Africa – – – – 21,220 0.05% 129,302 0.26% 186,355 0.35% 211,447 0.37%
Template:Flagicon Kenya – – – – 109,610 0.23% 126,119 0.26% 135,966 0.26% 133,416 0.24%
Template:Flagicon Nigeria – – – – 45,873 0.10% 86,370 0.18% 188,690 0.36% 266,877 0.47%
Middle East and Asia 522,263 1.1% 727,838 1.6% 1,108,529 2.4% 1,778,296 3.62% 2,529,137 4.77% 3,241,701 5.74%
Template:Flagicon India 301,862 0.7% 378,721 0.9% 395,563 0.84% 450,493 0.92% 682,274 1.29% 906,962 1.61%
Template:Flagicon Pakistan 131,826 0.3% 179,712 0.4% 221,776 0.47% 304,706 0.62% 476,684 0.90% 616,454 1.09%
Template:Flagicon Bangladesh 46,873 0.1% 101,829 0.22% 150,057 0.31% 206,331 0.39% 266,290 0.47%
Template:Flagicon Sri Lanka 15,366 – – 38,145 0.08% 66,330 0.13% 125,917 0.24% 141,861 0.25%
Far East 73,209 122,532 0.3% – – 360,604 0.73% – – – –
Template:Flagicon Hong Kong – – – – 64,496 0.14% 84,770 0.17% 98,724 0.19% 117,714 0.21%
Template:Flagicon China – – – – 21,292 0.05% 47,201 0.10% 146,202 0.28% 176,072 0.31%
Americas and Caribbean 292,966 0.6% 291,679 0.6% 481,299 1% – – 663,091 1.25% 790,002 1.40%
Template:Flagicon United States – – – – 128,337 0.27% 141,198 0.29% 173,470 0.33% 198,656 0.35%
Template:Flagicon Jamaica – – – – 141,352 0.30% 145,234 0.30% 159,170 0.30% 141,289 0.25%
Template:Flagicon Canada – – – – 53,195 0.11% 59,356 0.12% 66,320 0.13% 66,847 0.12%
Antarctica and Oceania – – – – 104,141 0.2% – – 179,200 0.34% 170,023 0.30%
Template:Flagicon Australia – – – – 66,279 0.14% 96,437 0.20% 113,592 0.21% 109,963 0.19%
Template:Flagicon New Zealand – – – – 37,862 0.08% 53,466 0.11% 57,076 0.11% 47,842 0.08%
Other: Old Commonwealth<ref group="note">Used as main option for when no other options are given, for example in 1971. This group contains all for Canada, Australia and New Zealand</ref> 119,683 0.3% 133,220 0.3% – – – – – – – –
Other: New Commonwealth<ref group="note">Used as a conglomerate for New Commonwealth for when there are no other options as for example in 1971. This group contains all for remenents of the British Empire after 1945 (if not already indicated).</ref> 109,971 0.2% 155,389 0.3% 147,602 0.3% – – – – – –
Other Countries (non Europe or UK for 2001–2021) 482,351 1% 421,895 0.9% – – 3,093,754 6.30% 4,961,698 9.36% 5,760,008 10.20%
Total 45,917,667 100% 45,771,763 100% 47,055,204 100% 49,138,831 100.00% 53,012,456 100.00% 56,490,051 100%

Below are the estimates of the largest foreign-born groups in England according to ONS estimates.

Country of birth 2013 2014<ref>Template:Cite web Figures given are the central estimates. See the source for 95 per cent confidence intervals.</ref> 2015 2018<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Template:Flag Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts
Template:Flagicon Poland Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts
Template:Flag Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts
Template:Flagicon Ireland Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts
Template:Flagicon Germany Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts Template:Nts
File:England population pyramid from 2001 to 2020.gif
Population pyramid from 2001 to 2020

Age

File:England Population pyramid estimate 2020.svg
Population pyramid in 2020

The data below is based on the 2011 census.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2001, the mean age of England's population was 38.60, and the median age was 37.00. In 2022, the median age was 40.5.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Table alignment

Ages attained
(years) 		Population
Numbers % of total population
Whole
age band 		Per year
of age band
0–4 3,318,449 6.26 1.25
5–9 2,972,632 5.61 1.12
10–14 3,080,929 5.81 1.16
15–19 3,340,265 6.30 1.26
20–24 3,595,321 6.78 1.36
25–29 3,650,881 6.89 1.38
30–34 3,509,221 6.62 1.32
35–39 3,549,116 6.69 1.34
40–44 3,885,934 7.33 1.47
45–49 3,879,815 7.32 1.46
50–54 3,400,095 6.41 1.28
55–59 2,996,992 5.65 1.13
60–64 3,172,277 5.98 1.20
65–69 2,508,154 4.73 0.95
70–74 2,044,129 3.86 0.77
75–79 1,669,345 3.15 0.63
80–84 1,258,773 2.37 0.47
85–89 776,311 1.46 0.29
90+ 403,817 0.76 –
  • Population pyramids of the regions of England
  • South West
    South West
  • South East
    South East
  • Greater London
    Greater London
  • East of England
    East of England
  • East Midlands
    East Midlands
  • West Midlands
    West Midlands
  • Yorkshire and the Humber
    Yorkshire and the Humber
  • North West
    North West
  • North East
    North East

Ethnicity

File:Ethnic demographics of England from 1981 - 2021.gif
Ethnic demographics of England from 1981 - 2021
File:Ethnic makeup of England in single year age groups in 2021.svg
Ethnic makeup of England in single year age groups in 2021

Template:Table alignment

Estimates of selected Commonwealth non-white population in England and Wales, 1951-1968<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Ethnic group (reported as 'Area of origin') 1951<ref name=":0" group="note">Estimates taken solely from selected Commonwealth immigrant populations at the time, excluding estimates of those that were white from these areas. Does not include South Africa, Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Commonwealth East Africa, other parts of Commonwealth Africa, or non-Commonwealth countries in Africa, the Caribbean, or Asia.</ref> 1961<ref name=":0" group="note" /> 1966 mid-1968
Estimates based solely
on selected Commonwealth immigrant populations<ref name=":0" group="note" /> 		Total estimated (including estimates
of those born in the UK)<ref group="note">Estimates are taken from a combined estimate of the immigrant population (excluding estimates of white people), additional non-white people who may not have been enumerated, and estimates of non-white people born in the UK from parents from shown areas. Does not include South Africa, Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Commonwealth East Africa, other parts of Commonwealth Africa, or non-Commonwealth countries in Africa, the Caribbean, or Asia.</ref>
Population % Population % Population % Population % Population %
Selected Commonwealth non-White: Total 74,500 0.17% 336,000 0.72% 595,000 1.27% 924,000 1.96% 1,123,000 2.31%
India 30,800 81,400 163,600 223,000 – –
Pakistan 5,000 24,900 67,700 199,700 – –
Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 5,800 9,000 12,900 16,100 – –
West Indies 15,300 171,800 267,900 – – – –
Jamaica – – – – – – 278,000 – –
Other Caribbean – – – – – – 180,300 – –
British West Africa
(Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone) 		5,600 19,800 36,000 50,700 – –
Far East
(Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore) 		12,000 29,600 47,000 60,000 – –
Total population 43,758,000 100% 46,105,000 100% 47,135,500 100% 47,135,500 100% 48,640,000 100%
Ethnicity in England, 1981-2021 File:Flag of England.svg
Ethnic group Year
1981 estimations<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> 1991<ref>Data is taken from United Kingdom Casweb Data services of the United Kingdom 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England Template:Webarchive (Table 6)</ref><ref name="auto" group="note">The number of people who answered the census may not equal the estimated population total at the time due to the fact an estimated 1 million people did not answer the form.</ref> 2001<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2011<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2021<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Population % Population % Population % Population % Population %
White: Total – 95.4% 44,144,339 93.8% 44,679,361 91% 45,281,142

85.4%

45,783,401 81%
White: British – – – – 42,747,136 87.0% 42,279,236 79.8% 41,540,791 73.5%
White: Irish – – – – 624,115 1.3% 517,001 1.0% 494,251 0.9%
White: Irish Traveller/White Gypsy – – – – – – 54,895 0.1% 64,218 0.1%
White: Roma – – – – – – – – 99,138 0.2%
White: Other – – – – 1,308,110 2.7% 2,430,010 4.6% 3,585,003 6.3%
Asian or Asian British: Total – 2.65% 1,762,262 3.7% 2,468,970 5% 4,143,403

7.8%

5,426,392 9.7%
Asian or Asian British: Indian – 1.32% 823,821 1.8% 1,028,546 2.1% 1,395,702 2.6% 1,843,248 3.3%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani – 0.7% 449,646 1.0% 706,539 1.4% 1,112,282 2.1% 1,570,285 2.8%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi – 0.18% 157,881 0.3% 275,394 0.6% 436,514 0.8% 629,567 1.1%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese<ref group="note">In 2001, listed under the 'Chinese or other ethnic group' heading.</ref> – 0.22% 141,661 0.3% 220,681 0.5% 379,502 0.7% 431,165 0.8%
Asian or Asian British: Asian Other – 0.23% 189,253 0.4% 237,810 0.5% 819,403 1.6% 952,127 1.7%
Black or Black British: Total – 1.51% 874,882 1.9% 1,132,508 2.3% 1,846,614

3.5%

2,381,724 4.2%
Black or Black British: Caribbean – 0.91% 495,682 1.1% 561,246 1.1% 591,016 1.1% 619,419 1.1%
Black or Black British: African – 0.3% 206,918 0.4% 475,938 1.0% 977,741 1.8% 1,468,474 2.6%
Black or Black British: Other – 0.3% 172,282 0.4% 95,324 0.2% 277,857 0.5% 293,831 0.5%
British Mixed: Total – – – – 643,373 1.3% 1,192,879

2.3%

1,669,378 2.9%
Mixed: White and Caribbean – – – – 231,424 0.5% 415,616 0.8% 499,310 0.9%
Mixed: White and African – – – – 76,498 0.2% 161,550 0.3% 241,528 0.4%
Mixed: White and Asian – – – – 184,014 0.4% 332,708 0.6% 474,190 0.8%
Mixed: Other Mixed – – – – 151,437 0.3% 283,005 0.3% 454,350 0.8%
Other: Total – 0.44% 273,721 0.6% 214,619 0.4% 548,418

1.0%

1,229,153 2.2%
Other: Arab – – – – – – 220,985 0.4% 320,203 0.6%
Other: Any other ethnic group – 0.44% 273,721 0.6% 214,619 0.4% 327,433 0.6% 908,950 1.6%
Non-White: Total – 4.6% 2,910,865 6.2% 4,459,470 9% 7,731,314 14.6% 10,706,647 19%
Total – 100% 47,055,204 100% 49,138,831 100% 53,012,456

100%

56,490,048 100%

Notes for table above <references group="note"/>

Population distribution

  • Population distribution of ethnic groups in 2011
  • Other White (4.6%)
    Other White (4.6%)
  • Asian/Asian British: Indian (2.6%)
    Asian/Asian British: Indian (2.6%)
  • Asian/Asian British: Pakistani (2.1%)
    Asian/Asian British: Pakistani (2.1%)
  • Asian/Asian British: Bangladeshi (0.8%)
    Asian/Asian British: Bangladeshi (0.8%)
  • Black/Black British: Total (3.5%)
    Black/Black British: Total (3.5%)
  • Other: Arab (0.4%)
    Other: Arab (0.4%)
  • Proportion of births in regions of each broad multi-ethnic group
  • White
    White
  • Asian
    Asian
  • Black
    Black
  • Mixed
    Mixed
  • All other ethnic groups
    All other ethnic groups
  • Births which did not state an ethnicity
    Births which did not state an ethnicity

Ethnicity of school pupils

The ethnicity of school pupils in England has been changing since the figures started to be collected in 2002, White British students proportionally have been in decline compared to other groups who have risen.

Ethnic group School year<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
1997<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2004 2008 2010 2014 2015/16 2017/18 2019/20 2021/22 2023/24
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 5,976,100 89% 5,584,800 82.9% 5,389,340 81.3% 5,243,870 79.9% 5,222,070 76.9% 5,258,582 75.6% 6,027,781 74% 6,048,980 72.8% 6,011,045 71.4% 5,877,640 69.1%
White: British – – 5,408,700 80.3% 5,136,610 77.4% 4,963,110 75.6% 4,859,730 71.6% 4,822,332 69.3% 5,454,108 66.9% 5,432,991 65.4% 5,379,748 63.9% 5,212,524 61.3%
White: Irish – – 26,100 0.3% 23,620 0.4% 22,190 0.3% 21,640 0.3% 21,127 0.3% 23,110 0.3% 22,443 0.3% 21,495 0.3% 20,677 0.2%
White: Roma – – 6,500 0.1% 3,940 0.1% 4,000 0.1% 4,625 0.1% 22,092 0.3% 26,653 0.3% 28,091 0.3% 27,359 0.3% 28,594 0.3%
White: Irish Traveller – – 3,900 0.1% 8,770 0.1% 10,990 0.2% 19,030 0.3% 4,975 0.1% 6,008 0.1% 6,578 0.1% 6,903 0.1% 6,798 0.1%
White: Other – – 139,600 2.1% 216,410 3.3% 243,580 3.7% 317,055 4.7% 388,056 5.6% 517,902 6.4% 558,877 6.7% 575,540 6.8% 609,047 7.2%
Asian / Asian British: Total – – 476,900 7.1% 536,420 8.1% 575,670 8.8% 676,920 10.0% 755,817 10.8% 937,983 11.4% 985,795 11.9% 1,040,541 12.3% 1,129,383 13.4%
Asian / Asian British: Indian – – 154,400 2.3% 161,150 2.4% 163,780 2.5% 180,995 2.7% 196,351 2.8% 247,280 3.0% 268,318 3.2% 289,179 3.4% 337,382 4.0%
Asian / Asian British: Pakistani – – 180,600 2.7% 214,210 3.2% 231,380 3.5% 273,465 4.0% 293,089 4.2% 360,554 4.4% 372,699 4.5% 380,781 4.5% 388,315 4.6%
Asian / Asian British: Bangladeshi – – 72,000 1.1% 87,320 1.3% 95,420 1.5% 110,735 1.6% 117,004 1.7% 143,379 1.8% 148,290 1.8% 151,613 1.8% 151,875 1.8%
Asian / Asian British: Chinese – – 23,700 0.4% 24,780 0.4% 24,690 0.4% 26,725 0.4% 28,915 0.4% 36,196 0.4% 37,732 0.5% 48,396 0.6% 63,774 0.8%
Asian / Asian British: Other Asians – – 46,200 0.7% 73,770 1.1% 85,080 1.3% 111,720 1.6% 120,458 1.7% 150,574 1.8% 158,756 1.9% 170,572 2.0% 188,037 2.2%
Black / Black British: Total – – 244,900 3.6% 292,860 4.4% 312,260 4.8% 366,130 5.4% 389,585 5.5% 464,367 5.7% 474,570 5.7% 486,517 5.8% 551,099 6.5%
Black: Caribbean – – 96,100 1.4% 92,090 1.4% 91,400 1.4% 89,350 1.3% 85,830 1.2% 91,429 1.1% 86,543 1.0% 82,402 1.0% 78,817 0.9%
Black: African – – 120,900 1.8% 167,990 2.5% 184,790 2.8% 232,065 3.4% 253,781 3.6% 311,012 3.8% 323,874 3.9% 338,614 4.0% 406,246 4.8%
Black: Other Blacks – – 27,900 0.4% 32,770 0.5% 36,070 0.5% 44,710 0.7% 49,974 0.7% 61,926 0.8% 64,153 0.8% 65,501 0.8% 66,036 0.8%
Mixed / British Mixed – – 181,500 2.7% 229,650 3.5% 256,980 3.9% 325,140 4.8% 363,730 5.3% 473,305 5.8% 515,061 6.1% 558,184 6.6% 594,344 7.0%
Mixed: White and Caribbean – – 64,600 1.0% 77,350 1.2% 82,410 1.3% 95,785 1.4% 101,278 1.5% 123,873 1.5% 128,774 1.5% 133,504 1.6% 134,384 1.6%
Mixed: White and African – – 17,000 0.3% 24,110 0.4% 27,860 0.4% 40,245 0.6% 47,472 0.7% 63,518 0.8% 70,403 0.8% 76,262 0.9% 79,940 0.9%
Mixed: White and Asian Other – – 36,300 0.5% 47,510 0.7% 54,610 0.8% 73,555 1.1% 84,133 1.2% 111,811 1.4% 123,153 1.5% 134,821 1.6% 143,206 1.7%
Mixed: Other Mixed – – 63,500 0.9% 80,680 1.2% 92,110 1.4% 115,560 1.7% 130,847 1.9% 174,103 2.1% 192,731 2.3% 213,597 2.5% 236,814 2.8%
Other: Total – – 57,900 0.9% 78,560 1.2% 86,880 1.3% 106,115 1.6% 119,647 1.7% 154,575 1.9% 168,758 2.0% 185,355 2.2% 203,561 2.4%
Unclassified – – 190,700 2.8% 81,300 1.2% 64,610 1.0% 67,935 1.0% 67,126 1.0% 94,312 1.2% 119,388 1.4% 136,371 1.6% 141,908 1.7%
Total: 6,716,700 100% 6,736,700 100% 6,632,900 100% 6,564,940 100% 6,791,030 100% 6,954,487 100% 8,152,323 100% 8,312,552 100% 8,418,013 100% 8,497,935 100%
  • Ethnicity of school pupils in the school year of 2021/2022
  • White: 71.4%
    White: 71.4%
  • White British: 63.9%
    White British: 63.9%

Languages

The most common main languages spoken in England according to the 2011 census are shown below.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rank Language Usual residents
aged 3+		 Proportion
1 English 46,936,780 92.02%
2 Polish 529,173 1.04%
3 Punjabi 271,580 0.53%
4 Urdu 266,330 0.52%
5 Bengali (with Sylheti and Chatgaya) 216,196 0.42%
6 Gujarati 212,217 0.42%
7 Arabic 152,490 0.30%
8 French 145,026 0.28%
9 Portuguese 131,002 0.26%
10 Spanish 118,554 0.23%
11 Tamil 99,773 0.20%
12 Turkish 98,083 0.19%
13 Italian 90,547 0.18%
14 Somali 84,387 0.17%
15 Lithuanian 84,327 0.17%
16 German 75,190 0.15%
17 Persian/Farsi 75,179 0.15%
18 Tagalog/Filipino 67,593 0.13%
19 Romanian 66,496 0.13%
20 Russian 66,271 0.13%
– Welsh 8,248 0.02%
– Cornish 554 0.00%
– Other 1,209,614 2.37%
Total population 51,005,610 100.00%

Religion

Template:Main

File:Religious makeup of England in single year age groups in 2021.svg
Religious makeup of England in single year age groups in 2021

Template:Pie chart

Respondents to the 2001, 2011 and 2021 censuses gave their religions as follows: Template:Table alignment

Religion 2001<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2011<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2021<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Number % Number % Number %
Christian 35,251,244 71.74% 31,479,876 59.38% 26,167,899 46.3%
Muslim 1,524,887 3.10% 2,660,116 5.02% 3,801,186 6.7%
Hindu 546,982 1.11% 806,199 1.52% 1,032,533 1.8%
Sikh 327,343 0.67% 420,196 0.79% 520,092 0.9%
Jewish 257,671 0.52% 261,282 0.49% 269,283 0.5%
Buddhist 139,046 0.28% 238,626 0.45% 262,433 0.5%
Other religion 143,811 0.29% 227,825 0.43% 332,410 0.6%
No religion 7,171,332 14.59% 13,114,232 24.74% 20,715,664 36.7%
Religion not stated 3,776,515 7.69% 3,804,104 7.18% 3,400,548 6.0%
Total population 49,138,831 100.00% 53,012,456 100.00% 56,490,048 100.0%

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Demographics of Europe

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