Pork Chop Hill (film)

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For the Korean War battles, see Battle of Pork Chop Hill.

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Pork Chop Hill is a 1959 American Korean War film starring Gregory Peck, Woody Strode, Rip Torn, and George Peppard. The film, which was the final war film directed by Lewis Milestone, is based upon the 1956 book by U.S. military historian Brigadier General S. L. A. Marshall. It depicts the first fierce Battle of Pork Chop Hill between the U.S. Army's 7th Infantry Division and Chinese and North Korean forces in April 1953.

The film features numerous actors who would go on to become movie and television stars in the 1960s and the 1970s such as Woody Strode, Harry Guardino, Robert Blake, George Peppard, Norman Fell, Abel Fernandez, Gavin MacLeod, Harry Dean Stanton, and Clarence Williams III. It is also the screen debut of Martin Landau and George Shibata, who was a West Point classmate of Lieutenant Joe Clemons, who also acted as technical adviser on the film.

Plot

In April 1953, during the Korean War, K Company, 31st Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division, under the command of Lieutenant Joe Clemons, is assigned to recapture Pork Chop Hill from a larger Chinese People's Volunteer Army force. Clemons leads 2nd Platoon, while putting his friend and Executive Officer, Lieutenant Tsugio Ohashi in charge of 1st Platoon, while 3rd Platoon is kept as a reserve. They succeed in taking the hill, trench by trench, but at the cost of high casualties. Clemons is promised another company as reinforcements, but L Company is ambushed, and only about a dozen infantrymen reach him. They prepare for a large-scale PVA counterattack, with only 25 men left out of the whole company.

Meanwhile, at nearby Panmunjeom, cease-fire negotiations continue, and U.S. Army High Command are unwilling to reinforce the hill because its value is not worth further losses. Yet they will not abandon the hill either, because it is a point of negotiation in the talks. Eventually, American negotiators come to the conclusion that the Chinese are pouring soldiers into the battle for a militarily insignificant hill to test the resolve of the Americans. Thus, the decision is made to reinforce the hill, saving the lives of the survivors of Clemons's unit.

Cast

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Production

The film was based on Marshall's book Pork Chop Hill published in 1956.<ref>Books and Authors New York Times 17 Oct 1956: 33.</ref> The New York Times called it "unforgettable".<ref>Books of The Times: Unflinching Under Fire Only a Squad Holding a Hill By CHARLES POORE. New York Times 24 Nov 1956: 17.</ref>

In August 1957 the film rights were bought by Melville Productions, the film company of Gregory Peck. Sy Bartlett was to produce and James Webb was to write the script.<ref>'THE DRAGON TREE' COMING TO SCREEN: New York Times 28 Aug 1957: 22.</ref> It was Webb who recommended the project to Melville. He decided to focus the action on Company K, who took up a chapter in the book, "All the King's Men", over a 24-hour period.<ref>Director Talks About War: Hollywood Letter By Richard Dyer MacCann. The Christian Science Monitor 17 Feb 1959: 5.</ref>

S.L.A. Marshall reportedly disliked the fact that he had sold the movie rights to his book for next-to-nothing, and vowed not to make the same mistake again.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In January 1958 Lewis Milestone agreed to direct.<ref>LEWIS MILESTONE TO MAKE WAR FILM: Director Named for Peck's 'Pork Chop Hill' New York Times 1 Feb 1958: 13.</ref> He and Bartlett wanted to cast unknowns in support of Peck and saw over 600 actors for 83 speaking parts.<ref>Director Talks About War: Hollywood Letter By Richard Dyer MacCann. The Christian Science Monitor 17 Feb 1959: 5.</ref>

Strode and Edwards' portrayal of African American soldiers is based on the 24th Infantry Regiment, which was still racially segregated in Korea. All Black units were integrated in the summer and fall of 1951 and all Black units were integrated and closed out on 1 October 1951. Like its cinematic portrayal, the real regiment was poorly trained, poorly equipped and poorly led.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> More than once when this all-black unit was placed on the front lines, a unit in reserve was positioned directly behind because they were expected to break. The regiment was finally considered so unreliable it was disbanded. Its personnel were reassigned to other combat units just as in the film, which portrays Edwards' character - with good leadership - becoming an effective soldier.

Casting choices

George Shibata, who stars as Lt. Suki Ohashi, became the first Nisei appointed to West Point through the sponsorship of Sen. Elbert D. Thomas. Shibata would become the first Asian American graduate of the United States Military Academy, Class of 1951 and he was commissioned in the United States Air Force later in that same year (1951).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During the Korean War he flew an F-86 Sabre out of Taegu Air Force Base. The film Pork Chop Hill was about Shibata's classmate Joseph G. Clemons, who was also a 1951 West Point graduate. This came about when Clemons accidentally bumped into his old friend Shibata at a drugstore when Clemons was in California acting as a technical adviser for the forthcoming film. He convinced Shibata to try out for the role of the Japanese-Hawaiian Executive Officer, Lt. Tsugio Ohashi when Hollywood was having a problem casting the role.<ref>pp. 77-78 Rubin, Steven Jay Combat Films: American Realism, 1945-2010, 2nd edition McFarland, 1 Jan 1981</ref> During the production Clemons decided to play a joke on his Air Force pilot classmate whose accommodations during the war were more comfortable than Clemons' by ensuring that Shibata wore the only actual flak jacket in the film; the other cast members wearing foam rubber reproductions.

The film was the second feature film for George Peppard.<ref name="pep">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Filming

Filming started 19 May 1958. Some of the location shooting was conducted in California near Westlake Village and in San Fernando Valley. Two months before filming the unit moved into an Albertson Company Ranch where the bulk of the film was to be shot and created a series of trenches.<ref>HOLLYWOOD CANVAS: San Fernando 'Korea' -Versatile Widmark By THOMAS M. PRYOR HOLLYWOOD. New York Times 15 June 1958: X7.</ref>

Peck, although not credited, directed a few scenes despite protests by Milestone.

Milestone called it his "most interesting job in a long time."<ref>Milestone Films Realities of War: Milestone 'Veteran' of Three Wars Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 7 Sep 1958: E1.</ref>

The film had an allocated shooting schedule of 40 days and ended up needing another 15 days.<ref>Fishgall p 207</ref>

Clash between Peck and Milestone

Peck and director Milestone clashed during filming over Peck's performance; the director wanted Peck to play his character as more insecure while Peck wanted a more conventional approach. Before the film's premier in May 1959, United Artists cut the film by nearly 20 minutes. Milestone claimed changes were made because Veronique Peck, the wife of star Gregory Peck, felt her husband made his first entrance too late into the picture. While that claim stands as unconfirmed, the film does show signs of post-production editing, with segments of several excised scenes showing up under the main title credits.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Milestone's version reportedly featured more cross cutting between the fighting and the peace conference and made Peck's character less of a conventional hero. The director says it also featured more scenes involving the Chinese.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Release

The film opened in Chicago and Detroit in the week ended May 26, 1959.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> It opened at the Roxy Theatre in New York City on May 29 and became number one in the U.S.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The film was a minor box office hit.<ref>Fishgal p 208</ref>

Critical response

The New York Times applauded the film's "grim and rugged" style, the way it captured the "resentment" of the American GIs, and how it "tacitly points the obsoleteness of ground warfare".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

References

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Notes

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