Potentilla erecta

Potentilla erecta (syn. Tormentilla erecta, Potentilla laeta, Potentilla tormentilla, known as the (common) tormentil, septfoil<ref>Septfoil - definition of Septfoil by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia</ref> or erect cinquefoil<ref>Template:PLANTS</ref> ) is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the rose family (Rosaceae).

Description

Potentilla erecta is a low, clump-forming plant with slender, procumbent to arcuately upright stalks, growing Template:Convert tall and with non-rooting runners. It grows wild predominantly in Europe and western Asia[1], mostly on acid soils and in a wide variety of habitats such as mountains, heaths, meadows, sandy soils and dunes.<ref name=Stace>Template:Cite book</ref>

This plant flowers from May to August/September. There is one yellow, Template:Convert wide flower, growing at the tip of a long stalk. There are almost always four notched petals, each between 3 and 6 mm long. Four petals are rather uncommon in the rose family. The petals are somewhat longer than the sepals. There are 20–25 stamens.

The radical leaves have a long petiole, whilst the leaves on the flowering stalks are usually sessile or with short petioles. The glossy leaves are alternate, ternate, consisting of three obovate leaflets with serrated margins. The paired stipules are leaflike and palmately lobed.

There are 2–8 dry, inedible fruits.

File:Potentilla erecta (root).jpg

Rhizome of Potentilla erecta

Distribution

Europe

Potentilla erecta is found wild throughout Europe, Scandinavia and West Asia.<ref name=dvf>Template:Cite web</ref>

Potentilla erecta is almost ubiquitous in the British Isles, recorded in almost all 10 km squares except close to the Wash.[2] and is listed as a species of least concern.<ref name=Cheffings>Template:Cite web</ref> It is very common in grasslands, heaths, moors and mountains, bogs including roadsides and pastures, mostly on acidic soils<ref name=Stace /> but avoiding chalk.<ref name=Rose>Template:Cite book</ref> It is a component of British National Vegetation Classification community M25 (Molinia caerulea–Potentilla erecta mire).

North America

In North America Potentilla erecta is found in the east as an introduced species.

Uses

The rhizomatous root is thick.Template:Clarification needed It has little value for food use because of its bitterness and low caloric value. The roots are a main ingredient of a bitter liqueur from Bavaria and the Black Forest area, called Blutwurz.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is also used in Ukraine along with honey in horilka.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The plant is used in herbal medicine as an astringent because of its tannin content,Template:Citation needed which is unusually high for a herbaceous plant.Template:Citation needed Structurally-related phlobaphenes, used as a red dye for leather known as tormentil red, can be extracted from the root of the common tormentil along with the triterpene alcohol tormentiol.<ref name=Lund>Template:Cite journal</ref> Aqueous extracts of the rhizomes are reported to have low toxicity in rats and mice.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline