Prime Minister of Portugal

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Infobox official post Template:Politics of Portugal

The prime minister of Portugal (Template:Langx; Template:IPA) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years.

History

Since the Middle Ages, some officers of the Portuguese Crown gained precedence over the others, serving as a kind of prime ministers. Over time, the role of principal officer of the Crown fell upon the chanceler-mor (chancellor), the mordomo-mor (mayor of the palace) and the escrivão da puridade (king's private secretary).

The first modern prime minister of Portugal was the 1st Duke of Palmela, who was sworn in on 24 September 1834, as Presidente do Conselho de Ministros (President of the Council of Ministers). In 1911, the official title of the prime minister became Presidente do Ministério (President of the Ministry). In 1933, it became again Presidente do Conselho de Ministros.

The present title Primeiro-Ministro (Prime Minister), attributed to the head of the Government of Portugal, was officially established by the Constitution of 1976 after the revolution of 25 April 1974

Officeholders

The incumbent prime minister of Portugal is Luís Montenegro, who took office on 2 April 2024 as the 14th prime minister of the Third Portuguese Republic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The official residence of the prime minister is the Palacete de São Bento, a mansion next to São Bento Palace, which, in confusion, is sometimes also called "São Bento Palace".

Portuguese prime ministers of the Third Portuguese Republic:

Prime minister's residence

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  • Facade of the São Bento Mansion.
    Facade of the São Bento Mansion.
  • Interior of the Mansion.
    Interior of the Mansion.

Just behind the main building of the Assembly of the Republic, there is a mansion that serves as residence and office for the prime minister of Portugal. The mansion, dated from 1877, was built within the garden of the old monastery that held the Portuguese parliament. It has been the prime minister's official residence since 1938, when Salazar moved in. Although it is the official residence of the prime minister, not all incumbents have lived in the mansion during their term in office. The incumbent Prime Minister, Luís Montenegro, currently resides in the mansion.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

List of prime ministers of Portugal

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Term of office in years

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Graphical timeline (since 1976)

<timeline> ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:130 left:3 AlignBars = late

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 id:PS     value:rgb(1,0.40,1)  legend:Socialist_(PS)
 id:PSD    value:rgb(1,0.60,0)  legend:Social_Democratic_(PSD)
 id:PP     value:blue  legend:CDS-People's_Party_(CDS-PP)
 id:IND    value:gray(0.6)  legend:None_(Independent)
 id:gray1 value:gray(0.8)
 id:gray2 value:gray(0.9)
 id:grid   value:gray(0.5)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1976 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1980 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1976

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 pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M
 text:"Political parties:"

BarData = 

 barset:PM

 bar:Soares
 bar:daCosta
 bar:MotaPinto
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 bar:SáCarneiro
 bar:doAmaral
 bar:Balsemão
 bar:Cavaco
 bar:Guterres
 bar:Barroso
 bar:Santana
 bar:Sócrates
 bar:Passos
 bar:Costa
 bar:Montenegro

PlotData= 

 width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
 barset:PM

 bar:Soares
 from: 23/07/1976 till: 28/08/1978 color:PS
 from: 09/06/1983 till: 06/11/1985 color:PS text:"Soares" fontsize:10
 bar:daCosta
 from: 28/08/1978 till: 22/11/1978 color:IND text:"Nobre da Costa" fontsize:10
 bar:MotaPinto
 from: 22/11/1978 till: 01/08/1979 color:IND text:"Mota Pinto" fontsize:10
 bar:Pintasilgo
 from: 01/08/1979 till: 03/01/1980 color:IND text:"Pintasilgo" fontsize:10
 bar:SáCarneiro
 from: 03/01/1980 till: 04/12/1980 color:PSD text:"Sá Carneiro" fontsize:10
 bar:doAmaral
 from: 04/12/1980 till: 09/01/1981 color:PP text:"Freitas do Amaral (interim)" fontsize:10
 bar:Balsemão
 from: 09/01/1981 till: 09/06/1983 color:PSD text:"Balsemão" fontsize:10
 bar:Cavaco
 from: 06/11/1985 till: 28/10/1995 color:PSD text:"Cavaco Silva" fontsize:10
 bar:Guterres
 from: 28/10/1995 till: 06/04/2002 color:PS text:"Guterres" fontsize:10
 bar:Barroso
 from: 06/04/2002 till: 17/07/2004 color:PSD text:"Durão Barroso" fontsize:10
 bar:Santana
 from: 17/07/2004 till: 12/03/2005 color:PSD text:"Santana Lopes" fontsize:10
 bar:Sócrates
 from: 12/03/2005 till: 21/06/2011 color:PS text:"Sócrates" fontsize:10
 bar:Passos
 from: 21/06/2011 till: 26/11/2015 color:PSD text:"Passos Coelho" fontsize:10
 bar:Costa
 from: 26/11/2015 till: 02/04/2024 color:PS text:"Costa" fontsize:10
 bar:Montenegro
 from: 02/04/2024 till: {{#time:d/m/Y}} color:PSD text:"Montenegro" fontsize:10

</timeline>

Living former prime ministers of Portugal

Living former prime minister showing periods in office with dates of birth and age. Currently there are 7 former Prime Ministers alive:

Historical rankings of prime ministers

In 2012 and 2014 newspaper i and the polling agency Pitagórica conducted polls asking for the best Portuguese prime minister among the seven most recent ones (i.e. in the previous 30 years). The results revealed that the public clearly separated the seven evaluated prime ministers between the three best ones (each receiving more than 20% of the votes) and the four worst (each receiving from 4 to 8% of the votes).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="i 2014">Template:Cite web</ref> In both polls, António Guterres (1995–2002) ranked as the best prime minister. Mário Soares (1976–78 and 1983–85) and Aníbal Cavaco Silva (1985–95) were also among the best prime ministers. On the other hand, José Manuel Durão Barroso (2002–04), Pedro Santana Lopes (2004–05), José Sócrates (2005–11) and Pedro Passos Coelho (2011–15, incumbent at the time of the polls) ranked as the worst prime ministers. Pedro Santana Lopes was ranked the worst in the 2012 poll<ref name="NM 2012" /> while Barroso ranked as the worst in the 2014 one.<ref name="i 2014" /> Together, the three best prime ministers ruled Portugal uninterruptedly from 1983 to 2002, while the four worst ruled from 2002 to 2015.

Rankings of prime ministers
Prime Minister Party Tenure Template:Abbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Abbr<ref name="NM 2012">Template:Cite web</ref>
António Guterres PS 1995–2002 Template:Party shading/PS;" align="right"|26.8% Template:Party shading/PS;" align="right"| 24.2%
Mário Soares PS 1976–1978
1983–1985		 22.7% 23.9%
Aníbal Cavaco Silva PSD 1985–1995 23.7% 23.6%
José Sócrates PS 2005–2011 6.2% 7.7%
Pedro Santana Lopes PSD 2004–2005 4.0% 6.9%
Pedro Passos Coelho PSD 2011–2015 8.4% 6.8%
José Manuel Durão Barroso PSD 2002–2004 8.1% 6.7%

See also

References

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Template:European Council Template:Europe heads of state and government Template:Prime Minister

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