Pringlea
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Pringlea antiscorbutica, commonly known as Kerguelen cabbage, is a flowering plant and the sole member of the monotypic genus Pringlea in the family Brassicaceae. Its common name comes from the archipelago of its discovery, the Kerguelen Islands, and its generic name derives from Sir John Pringle, president of the Royal Society at the time of its discovery by Captain James Cook's Surgeon, William Anderson in 1776.
Despite its appearance and edibility, it is not related to the common broadleaf plantain.
Description
Pringlea antiscorbutica has leaf rosettes of up to Template:Convert in diameter, that sit on top of perennial half woody stems of about Template:Convert thick and up to Template:Convert long. The erect flowering stems remain on the plants for many years.<ref name= TY>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Distribution
Pringlea antiscorbutica grows on the remote Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Crozet, Prince Edward and Kerguelen Islands.<ref name=SLHVA>Template:Cite journal</ref> The ancestor of P. antiscorbutica probably migrated from South America some five million years ago.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Ecology
The home islands of Pringlea antiscorbutica are at roughly 50° south latitude and constantly buffeted by strong winds, making the islands unfavorable for wind pollination, except on infrequent mild days. This climate, plus the absence of potential insect pollinators, means the species can only survive through a process of self-pollination.<ref name=SLHVA/>
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The plants grow to a diameter of about 50 cm in around four years, and flower for the first time in their third or fourth year.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> At the mature stage, this species exhibits several adaptations linked to cold tolerance such as high polyamine levels.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Pringlea has a very high leaf water content (above 83%) and the waterflow from the root to the leaves is very easy, which is no problem since soil water content on the distribution area of Kerguelen cabbage is permanently high. This implies that successfully growing this species elsewhere is difficult.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Uses
Pringlea antiscorbutica is edible, containing high levels of potassium. Its leaves contain a vitamin C–rich oil, a fact which, in the days of sailing ships, made it very attractive to sailors suffering from scurvy,<ref name=":0" /> hence the specific epithet antiscorbutica, which means "against scurvy" in Low Latin. It was essential to the diets of the whalers on Kerguelen when pork, beef, or seal meat was used up. In May 1840, botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker was the first to make a technical analysis of the plant, and to assign the Latin name.<ref name="hooker">Template:Cite book</ref>
Hooker also reported having eaten some soup that had been made with Kerguelen cabbage, and described the raw leaves as tasting like cress, the boiled leaves as tasting like "stale" cabbage, and the root as tasting like horseradish.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":0" />
Conservation
The micropezid fly species Calycopteryx mosleyi is associated with this plant. Rabbits which were introduced on the Kerguelen around 1874, feed on the cabbage, and the plant is now limited to locations that cannot be accessed by them. Fortunately, rabbits are not present on all islands.<ref name= TY/>