Pripyat

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Pripyat,Template:Efn also known as Prypiat,Template:Efn is an abandoned industrial city in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine, located near the border with Belarus. Named after the nearby river, Pripyat, it was founded on 4 February 1970 as the ninth atomgrad ('atom city', a type of closed city in the Soviet Union that served the purpose of housing nuclear workers near a plant), catering the nearby Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The plant is located north of the abandoned city of Chernobyl, after which it is named.<ref>Pripyat: Short Introduction Template:Webarchive</ref> Pripyat was officially proclaimed a city in 1979 and had ballooned to a population of 49,360<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> by the time it was evacuated on the afternoon of 27 April 1986, one day after the Chernobyl disaster.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Although it is located in Vyshhorod Raion, the abandoned municipality is administered directly from the capital of Kyiv. Pripyat is supervised by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine which manages activities for the entire Chernobyl exclusion zone. Following the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster, the entire population of Pripyat was moved to the purpose-built city of Slavutych.

History

Early years

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File:Pripyat panorama 2009-001.jpg
Panoramic view of Pripyat in May 2009
File:Chernobylpowerplantradioactivity.jpg
View of the Chernobyl power plant including 2003 radioactive level of 0.763 milliroentgens per hour

Access to Pripyat, unlike cities of military importance, was not restricted before the disaster as the Soviet Union deemed nuclear power stations safer than other types of power plants. Nuclear power stations were presented as achievements of Soviet engineering, harnessing nuclear power for peaceful projects. The slogan "peaceful atom" (Template:Langx) was popular during those times. The original plan had been to build the plant only Template:Convert from Kyiv, but the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, among other bodies, expressed concern that would be too close to the city. As a result, the power station and Pripyat<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> were built at their current locations, about Template:Convert from Kyiv.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

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Post-Chernobyl disaster

File:Pripyat01.jpg
Pripyat amusement park, as seen from the City Center Gymnasium
File:Aerial view of Pripyat.jpg
Aerial view of Pripyat in 2019
File:October 1996-Swimming Pool.jpg
The Azure Swimming Pool was still in use by liquidators in 1996, a decade after the Chernobyl incident.
File:Swimming Pool Hall 4 Pripyat.jpg
In 2009, over two decades after the Chernobyl incident, the Azure Swimming Pool shows decay after years of disuse.

In 1986, the city of Slavutych was constructed to replace Pripyat. After Chernobyl, this was the second-largest city for accommodating power plant workers and scientists in the Commonwealth of Independent States.

One notable landmark often featured in photographs in the city and visible from aerial-imaging websites is the long-abandoned Ferris wheel located in the Pripyat amusement park, which had been scheduled to have its official opening five days after the disaster, in time for May Day celebrations.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Azure Swimming Pool and Avanhard Stadium are two other popular tourist sites.

On 4 February 2020, former residents of Pripyat gathered in the abandoned city to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Pripyat's establishment. This was the first time former residents returned to the city since its abandonment in 1986.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The 2020 Chernobyl Exclusion Zone wildfires reached the outskirts of the town, but they did not reach the plant.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city was occupied by Russian forces during the Battle of Chernobyl after several hours of heavy fighting.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On 31 March Russian troops withdrew from the plant and other parts of Kyiv Oblast.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Ukrainian flag was raised at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant Template:Webarchive, Ukrainska Pravda (2 April 2022)</ref> On 3 April Ukrainian troops retook control of Pripyat.<ref>Kyiv region: Ukrainian military take control of Pripyat and section of border Template:Webarchive, Ukrainska Pravda (3 April 2022)</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Infrastructure and statistics

The following statistics are from 1 January 1986.<ref>Припять в цифрах Template:Webarchive ("Pripyat in Numbers"), a page from Pripyat website</ref>

  • The population was 49,400. The average age was about 26 years old. Total living space was Template:Convert: 13,414 apartments in 160 apartment blocks, 18 halls of residence accommodating up to 7,621 single males or females, and eight halls of residence for married or de facto couples.
  • Education: 15 kindergartens and elementary schools for 4,980 children, and five secondary schools for 6,786 students.
  • Healthcare: one hospital could accommodate up to 410 patients, and three clinics.
  • Trade: 25 stores and malls; 27 cafes, cafeterias, and restaurants collectively could serve up to 5,535 customers simultaneously. 10 warehouses could hold 4,430 tons of goods.
  • Culture: the Palace of Culture Energetik; a cinema; and a school of arts, with eight different societies.
  • Sports: 10 gyms, 10 shooting galleries, three indoor swimming-pools, two stadiums.
  • Recreation: one park, 35 playgrounds, 18,136 trees, 33,000 rose plants, 249,247 shrubs.
  • Industry: four factories with annual turnover of 477,000,000 rubles. One nuclear power plant with four reactors (plus two more planned).
  • Transportation: Yanov railway station, 167 urban buses, plus the nuclear power plant car park with 400 spaces.
  • Telecommunication: 2,926 local phones managed by the Pripyat Phone Company, plus 1,950 phones owned by Chernobyl power station's administration, Jupiter plant, and Department of Architecture and Urban Development.

Safety

File:Totalexternaldoseratecher.png
The external relative gamma dose for a person in the open near the Chernobyl disaster site. The intermediate lived fission products like Cs-137 contribute nearly all of the gamma dose now after a number of decades have passed, see opposite.
File:AirDoseChernobylVector.svg
The impact of the different isotopes on the radioactive contamination of the air soon after the accident. Drawn using data from the OECD report [1] and the second edition of 'The radiochemical manual'.
File:Pripjat Panorama.jpg
Pripyat 2007

A concern is whether it is safe to visit Pripyat and its surroundings. The Zone of Alienation is considered relatively safe to visit, and several Ukrainian companies offer guided tours around the area. In most places within the city, the level of radiation does not exceed an equivalent dose of 1 μSv (one microsievert) per hour.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Unrelated to the 1986 nuclear disaster, but still very much a safety concern, is the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine; Russian forces briefly occupied the Chernobyl area in 2022, before being forced out again by the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Climate

The climate of Pripyat is designated as Dfb (Warm-summer humid continental climate) on the Köppen Climate Classification System.<ref name="Mindat">Mindat.org https://www.mindat.org/loc-271143.html Template:Webarchive</ref>

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Films

(Alphabetical by title)

  • The horror film Chernobyl Diaries (2012) was inspired by the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 and takes place in Pripyat.<ref>Template:IMDb title</ref>
  • The majority of the film Land of Oblivion (2011) was shot on location in Pripyat.
  • Pripyat is featured in the History Channel documentary Life After People.
  • The drone manufacturer DJI produced Lost City of Chernobyl (May 2015), a documentary film about the work of photographer and cinematographer Philip Grossman and his five-year project in Pripyat and the Zone of Exclusion.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
  • Filmmaker Danny Cooke used a drone to capture shots of the abandoned amusement park, some residential shots of decaying walls, children's toys, and gas masks, and collected them in a 3-minute short film Postcards From Chernobyl (released in November 2014), while making footage for the CBS News 60 Minutes episode "Chernobyl: The Catastrophe That Never Ended" (early 2014).<ref name="auto">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • With the help of drones, aerial views of Pripyat were shot and later edited to appear as a deserted London in the film The Girl with All the Gifts (2016).<ref name="GirlWithAllTheGifts">Template:Cite news</ref>
  • The documentary White Horse (2008) was filmed in Pripyat.<ref>Template:IMDb title</ref>

Literature

(Alphabetical by artist)

Music

(Alphabetical by artist)

Television

(Alphabetical by series)

Video games

Transport

File:Map of Pripyat microdistricts.svg
City diagram
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The city was served by Yaniv station on the Chernihiv–Ovruch railway. It was an important passenger hub of the line and was located between the southern suburb of Pripyat and Yaniv. An electric train terminus of Semikhody, built in 1988 and located in front of the nuclear plant, is currently the only operating station near Pripyat connecting it to Slavutych.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Notable people

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See also

Notes

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References

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