Pyrus pyrifolia

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Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Use dmy dates Template:Speciesbox Pyrus pyrifolia is a species of pear tree native to southern China and northern Indochina that has been introduced to Korea, Japan and other parts of the world.<ref name="POWO">Template:Cite web</ref> The tree's edible fruit is known by many names, including Asian pear,<ref name="HortusIII">Template:Cite book</ref> Persian pear, Japanese pear,<ref name="HortusIII" /> Chinese pear,<ref name="HortusIII" /><ref>Template:PLANTS</ref> Korean pear,<ref name="Lee">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Mishkin">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Coyne">Template:Cite news</ref> Taiwanese pear, apple pear,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> zodiac pear, three-halves pear, papple, naspati and sand pear.<ref name="HortusIII" /> Along with cultivars of P. × bretschneideri and Pyrus ussuriensis, the fruit is also called the nashi pear.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>In Japanese the fruit is called nashi. The best variety is called shingo in Korean.</ref> Cultivars derived from Pyrus pyrifolia are grown throughout East Asia, and in other countries such Pakistan, Nepal, Australia, New Zealand, and America. Traditionally in East Asia the tree's flowers are a popular symbol of early spring, and it is a common sight in gardens and the countryside.

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The fruits are not generally baked in pies or made into jams because they have a high water content and a crisp, grainy texture, very different from the European varieties. They are commonly served raw and peeled.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> The fruit tends to be quite large and fragrant. When carefully wrapped, having a tendency to bruise because of its juiciness, it can last for several weeks (or more) in a cold, dry place.

Culture

Due to their relatively high price and the large size of the fruit of cultivars, the pears tend to be served to guests, given as gifts, or eaten together in a family setting.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref>

In cooking, ground pears are used in vinegar- or soy sauce-based sauces as a sweetener, instead of sugar.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> They are also used when marinating meat, especially beef, with a notable example being in the Korean dish bulgogi, due to the presence of enzymes to tenderize the proteins in the meat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In Australia, these pears were first introduced into commercial production beginning in 1980.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In Japan, fruit is harvested in Chiba, Ibaraki, Tottori, Fukushima, Tochigi, Nagano, Niigata, Saitama and other prefectures, except Okinawa. Nashi (Template:Lang) may be used as a late autumn kigo, or "season word", when writing haiku. Nashi no hana (Template:Lang, pear flower) is also used as a kigo of spring.<ref>The Yuki Teikei Haiku Season Word List Template:Webarchive from the Yuki Teikei Haiku Society (Northern California)</ref> At least one city (Kamagaya-Shi, Chiba Prefecture) has the flowers of this tree as an official city flower.<ref name=":0" />

In Nepal (Nepali: Naspati नस्पाती) and the Himalayan states of India, they are cultivated as a cash crop in the Middle Hills between about Template:Convert in elevation, where the climate is suitable. The fruit are carried to nearby markets by human porters or, increasingly, by truck, but not for long distances because they bruise easily.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In Taiwan, pears harvested in Japan have become luxurious presents since 1997 and their consumption has jumped.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":2" />

In China, the term "sharing a pear" (Template:Lang-zh) is a homophone of "separate" (Template:Lang-zh). As a result, sharing a pear with a loved one can be read as a desire to separate from them.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In Korea, the fruit is known as Template:Transliteration (Template:Lang),<ref name=":0" /> and it is grown and consumed in great quantity. In the South Korean city of Naju, there is a museum called The Naju Pear Museum and Pear Orchard for Tourists (Template:Lang).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In Cyprus, the pears were introduced in 2010 after initially being investigated as a new fruit crop for the island in the early 1990s. They are currently grown in Kyperounta.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Cultivars

Cultivars are classified in two groups. Most of the cultivars belong to the Akanashi ('Russet pears') group, and have yellowish-brown rinds. The Aonashi ('Green pears') have yellow-green rinds.

File:Pyrus pyrifolia kosui.jpg
Kosui
File:Nijusseiki nashi - Japanese pears by akira yamada.jpg
Nijisseiki

Important cultivars include:

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Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta Template:Nihongo is a Japanese cultivar of pears.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is also known as a Nashi tree.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Sometimes called the Sand Pear<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Yamanashi Prefecture is named after the fruit.

Kanji

It has a Chinese character representing it in Japanese Template:Nihongo. It is one of the Kyōiku kanji or Kanji taught in elementary school in Japan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

It is one of the 20 kanji added to the Kyoiku kanji that are found in the names of the following prefectures of Japan<ref name="asahi-都道府県名">Template:Cite news</ref>

It also generically refers to Pears in Chinese.

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Notes

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