Qing official headwear
Template:Short description Template:About Template:More citations neededTemplate:Infobox Chinese
The Qing official headwear or Template:Transliteration (Template:Lang-zh), also referred as the Official hats of the Qing dynasty<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> or Mandarin hat in English,<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> is a generic term which refers to the types of Template:Transliteration (Template:Lang-zh), a headgear, worn by the officials of the Qing dynasty in China. The Qing official headwear typically forms of part of the Template:Transliteration system as opposed to the Template:Transliteration system and were completely different from the types of Template:Transliteration used in the previous dynasties.<ref name=":0" /> There were various forms of the Qing official headwear, and some were designed to be worn based on the winter or summer seasons;<ref name=":0" /> while others used varieties of decorations and adornment, such as the use of peacock feathers which could vary between one and three peacock eyes; these peacock feathers were bestowed by the Emperor to his officials who had accomplished meritorious services and the greatest number of peacock eyes represents the highest honour bestowed.<ref name=":1" />
Types of the Qing official headwear
Template:Main Template:Transliteration (Template:Lang-zh, "little cap") was a type of daily hat worn by the officials of the Qing dynasty; however, it actually dated from the late Ming dynasty and was popular from the late Ming to the end of the Republic of China period.<ref name=":2" />Template:Rp The Template:Transliteration was mostly black in colour and was made of 6 separate pieces and was therefore also called the "six-in-one hat"; it was made out of gauze in summer and autumn while damask was used in spring and winter seasons.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp The inside of the hat however was red in colour; there was a knot on the top of the hat which was typically made of red threads.<ref name=":2" />Template:Rp When worn by common people, it was known as the guapimao or melon rind cap. The knot was black except when there was a funeral, in which case the knot was white.<ref name=":2" />Template:Rp
Template:Transliteration (Template:Lang-zh) was the official hat worn by civil officials in the Qing dynasty during the winter seasons.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
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Template:Transliteration (Template:Lang-zh) was the official hat worn by the officials in the Qing dynasty during the summer seasons; it was a typical form of Manchu headwear items in Template:Transliteration.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Construction and design
Template:Unreferenced section It consisted of a black velvet cap in winter, or a hat woven in rattan or similar materials in summer, both with a button on the top. The button or knob would become a finial during formal court ceremonies held by the Emperor.
Jewelries and accessories
Officials would have to change their tops on the hat, for non-formal ceremonies or daily businesses. Red silk tassels extended down from the finial to cover the hat, and a large peacock feather (with one to three "eyes") could be attached to the back of the hat, should the merit of wearing it have been granted by the emperor.
The colour and shape of the finial depended on the wearer's grade:
- The royalty and nobility used various numbers of pearls.
- An officer of the first grade wore a translucent red ball (originally ruby); second grade, solid red ball (originally coral); third grade, translucent blue ball (originally sapphire); fourth grade, solid blue ball; fifth grade, translucent white ball (originally crystal); sixth grade, solid white ball (originally mother of pearl). Officers of the seventh to ninth grade wore gold or clear amber balls of varied designs.
See also
- Tang official headwear
- Song official headwear
- List of headgear
- Red hat merchant
- Template:Transliteration
- Template:Transliteration
- Template:Transliteration
References
<references /> Template:Types of Han Chinese clothing Template:Qing dynasty topics Template:Historical clothing