Fabiola of Belgium
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Fabiola Fernanda María-de-las-Victorias Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragón (11 June 1928 – 5 December 2014) was Queen of the Belgians as the wife of King Baudouin from their marriage in 1960 until his death in 1993. The couple had no children, as all five of Fabiola's pregnancies resulted in miscarriage, so the Crown passed to her husband's younger brother, King Albert II.
Early life
Doña Fabiola de Mora y Aragón was born on 11 June 1928 in Madrid, Spain, at the Template:Ill, the main residence of the Marqués de Casa Riera.<ref name=autogenerated2/> She was the daughter of Don Gonzalo de Mora y Fernández y Riera y del Olmo, 4th Marquis of Casa Riera, 2nd Count of Mora (1887–1957), and his wife, Doña Blanca de Aragón y Carrillo de Albornoz y Barroeta-Aldamar y Elío (1892–1981), the daughter of the 6th Marchioness of Casa Torres<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Viscountess of Baiguer.<ref name="Telegraph Obituary">Template:Cite news</ref> Her godmother was Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain.<ref name="Telegraph Obituary"/>
Queen Fabiola was the fifth child and had six siblings.<ref name="Queen Fabiola"/> One of her siblings was Jaime de Mora y Aragón.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
She worked as a nurse in a hospital in Madrid and lived with her mother.<ref name="Queen Fabiola">Template:Cite web</ref> Before her marriage, she published an album of 12 fairy tales (Los doce cuentos maravillosos), one of which ("The Indian Water Lilies") would get its own pavilion in the Efteling theme park in 1966.<ref name="efteling">Template:Cite web</ref>
Marriage
On 15 December 1960, Fabiola married Baudouin, who had been King of the Belgians since the abdication of his father, Leopold III, in 1951.<ref name="marriage1960">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="britannicabaudouin">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> At the marriage ceremony in the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, she wore a 1926 Art Deco tiara that had been a gift of the Belgian state to her husband's mother, Astrid of Sweden, upon her marriage to Leopold III. Her dress of satin and ermine was designed by the couturier Cristóbal Balenciaga. Fabiola was a hospital nurse at the time of her engagement; Time magazine, in its 26 September 1960, issue, called Doña Fabiola the "Cinderella Girl" and described her as "an attractive young woman, though no raving beauty" and "the girl who could not catch a man."<ref name="time1960">Template:Cite magazine</ref> On the occasion of her marriage, Spanish bakers set out to honour Fabiola and created a type of bread, "la fabiola", which is still made in Palencia.
The explorer Guido Derom named the Queen Fabiola Mountains—a newly discovered range of Antarctic mountains—in her honour in 1961.<ref name="usgs">Template:Cite web</ref> She also has several varieties of ornamental plants named after her.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The royal couple had no children, as the Queen's five pregnancies ended in miscarriage in 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966 and 1968.<ref name="Telegraph Obituary"/> Fabiola openly spoke about her miscarriages in 2008: 'You know, I myself lost five children. You learn something from that experience. I had problems with all my pregnancies, but you know, in the end I think life is beautiful'.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She and Baudouin called the miscarriages a chance to be able to love all children.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> She was deeply involved with the upbringing of Prince Philippe and Princess Astrid.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Activities
After the death of Queen Elisabeth, in November 1965, Queen Fabiola became the honorary president of the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition. Queen Fabiola attended the elimination rounds and the finals of each session.<ref name="Queen Fabiola"/>
During the 1990s, the Hospital Saint-Pierre in Brussels was important in matters around AIDS. Queen Fabiola visited them in 1993 and embraced a patient. She was one of the first royal and public figures to do this.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In September 1993, she became the president of the King Baudouin Foundation, established in 1976 to mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of King Baudouin's accession.<ref name="Queen Fabiola"/> The foundation's purpose is to improve the living conditions of the population.<ref name="Queen Fabiola"/>
Queen Fabiola also founded the Social Secretariat of the Queen with the purpose of answering many requests for help.<ref name="Queen Fabiola"/> She has supported study programmes aimed at the prevention and treatment of dyslexia among children.<ref name="Queen Fabiola"/>
She established the Queen Fabiola Fund for Mental Health. The foundation's purpose is to help people with mental problems.<ref name="Queen Fabiola"/> During her entire life, she devoted herself to causes such as young women prostitution, human slavery and people with disabilities. Queen Fabiola received several humanitarian awards in her lifetime and was awarded the Ceres Medal in 2001 by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.<ref name="Independent obit">Template:Cite web</ref>
Every year, Queen Fabiola attended the Summit on Economic Progress of Rural Women at the Palais des Nations in Geneva. The purpose of the summit is to create a movement of first ladies to respond to the call for help from the deprived women in the Third World.<ref name="Queen Fabiola"/>
Queen dowager
Baudouin died in late July 1993 and was succeeded by his younger brother, Albert II. Fabiola moved out of the Royal Castle of Laeken to the more modest Château of Stuyvenberg and reduced her public appearances so as not to overshadow her sister-in-law, Queen Paola.<ref name="Independent obit"/>
Admired for her devout Catholic faith and involvement in social causes particularly those related to mental health, children's issues and women's issues,<ref name="admired">Template:Cite news</ref> Queen Fabiola received the 2001 Ceres Medal, in recognition of her work to promote rural women in developing countries. The medal was given by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).<ref name="Independent obit"/> She was also honorary president of the King Baudouin Foundation.
In July 2009, the Belgian press published news of anonymous death threats she received stating she would be shot with a crossbow. She responded to the threats during Belgian National Day celebrations by waving an apple to the crowd in a reference to the William Tell folk tale.<ref name="Hello">Template:Cite journal</ref> Subsequent threats by an individual said to have a similar signature to the July 2009 threat-writer were received again in January 2010.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In January 2013, the Socialist Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo criticised Queen Fabiola for her plans to set up a private foundation (Fons Pereos), which would have been a tax-efficient way to pass wealth to her relatives as well as to charitable causes. It was widely seen by the public as inheritance tax evasion (although, since the construction was admitted by Di Rupo to be legal, it would more precisely be a case of tax avoidance).<ref name="Independent obit"/> Queen Fabiola denied the charges in a rare public statement: "I have never had the intention of depositing funds I received from the public purse with my foundation. All the monies that I receive from the civil list go on expenditure on my household. The lion's share goes on salaries."<ref name="Jazeera">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Tax">Template:Cite news</ref>
Linguistic skills
According to official sources, Queen Fabiola was fluent in French, Dutch, English, German and Italian, in addition to her native Spanish.<ref name="Monarchy">Template:Cite web</ref>
Illness and death
Queen Fabiola was hospitalised for 15 days with pneumonia beginning 16 January 2009, with her condition described as "serious".<ref name="Ynet">Template:Cite news</ref> She subsequently recovered and began attending public functions the following May. Queen Fabiola had been in poor health for years, having osteoporosis, as well as having never fully recovered from a lung inflammation she had in 2009. On the evening of 5 December 2014, the Royal Palace announced that Queen Fabiola had died at the Château of Stuyvenberg.<ref name="death">Template:Cite web</ref>
Funeral
The federal government declared a period of national mourning from Saturday, 6 December, to Friday, 12 December, the day when the funeral of Queen Fabiola took place at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula in Brussels.<ref name="mourning">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Royal Family, members of the government and the Lord Speaker received the coffin at the Royal Palace on 10 December where it was placed in the grand antechamber, where it was decorated with flowers and attended by an honour guard of generals, members of the King's Royal Military household.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Godfried Cardinal Danneels, Metropolitan Archbishop-emeritus of Mechelen-Brussels, celebrated the Requiem Mass.
Members of several royal families around the world including the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Empress of Japan, Queen of Denmark, King and Queen of Sweden, King of Norway accompanied by his sister Princess Astrid, former King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain, former Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, the Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein, former Empress Farah of Iran and Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand, attended the funeral. No members of the British royal family or the Monégasque princely family attended the funeral, leading to criticism by both Belgian and international press.<ref name="NoBritish">Template:Cite news</ref>
Arms
| File:Royal Monogram of Queen Fabiola of Belgium.svg Royal Monogram of Queen Fabiola of Belgium |
File:Alliance Coat of Arms of King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola.svg Alliance Coat of Arms of King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola |
File:Dual Cypher of King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola of the Belgians.svg Dual Cypher of King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola of the Belgians |
File:Dual Cypher of King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola of the Belgians, Variant.svg Dual Cypher of King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola of the Belgians |
Honours
- Belgium: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold<ref name="Fallecimiento de la Reina Fabiola">Fallecimiento de la Reina Fabiola</ref>
- Vatican: Dame Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
- Holy See: Dame of the Decoration of Honour<ref name="Tablet">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Image of her wedding</ref>
- Empire of Iran: Recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the 2,500-year Celebration of the Persian Empire Template:Webarchive<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Netherlands: Recipient of the Wedding Medal of Princess Beatrix and Claus van Amsberg<ref>Wikipedia Commons</ref>
- Portugal
- Republic of Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Christ<ref name="Portugal">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Portuguese royal family: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Isabel<ref name="Fallecimiento de la Reina Fabiola"/>
- Thailand: Dame Grand Cordon with Chain of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri<ref>Royal Thai Government Gazette (28 December 1960). "แจ้งความสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์" (thajsky) Dostupné online</ref>
- Spain:
- Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Lady of the Villa de Tejada<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Dame of the Royal Nobility Corps of the Principality of Gerona<ref>Monarquía Confidencial</ref>
- Dame of the Royal Nobility Corps of Madrid<ref name="Fallecimiento de la Reina Fabiola"/>
- EEB1: A building; Fabiola; was named after her in the school campus of the European School of Brussels one
See also
- Belgian Vocation Foundation
- Queen Fabiola Foundation for Mental Health
- Queen Fabiola Mountains
- Indian Water-lilies
References
External links
- Queen Fabiola – official website of The Belgian Monarchy
- Queen Fabiola: The Woman Behind The Hairdo – Website The Royal Universe
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Template:Belgian consorts Template:Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by marriage Template:Authority control
- Pages with broken file links
- 1928 births
- 2014 deaths
- 20th-century Roman Catholics
- 21st-century Roman Catholics
- Belgian nurses
- Belgian people of Spanish descent
- Belgian Roman Catholics
- Burials at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken
- Collectors of fairy tales
- Dames Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
- Dames of the Order of Saint Isabel
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
- House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Belgium)
- Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
- Naturalised citizens of Belgium
- Nobility from Madrid
- Princesses of Belgium
- Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by marriage
- Queens consort of Belgium
- Spanish countesses
- Spanish emigrants to Belgium
- Spanish Roman Catholic writers
- Spanish women children's writers