Queen Sofía of Spain

Sofía (Sophia Margarita Victoria Frederica; Template:Langx Μαργαρίτα Βικτώρια Φρειδερίκη, romanized: Sofía Margaríta Bictória Freideríki; born 2 November 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who was Queen of Spain from 1975 to 2014 as the wife of King Juan Carlos I until his abdication. She is the eldest child of King Paul and Queen Frederica of Greece.

Sofía married then Infante Juan Carlos of Spain in 1962 and became queen of Spain upon her husband's accession in 1975.<ref name=ghda>Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XV. "Spanien". C.A. Starke Verlag, 1997, pp. 20, 100–101. (in German) Template:ISBN</ref> On 19 June 2014, Juan Carlos abdicated in favour of their son Felipe VI.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref> Since her spouse's abdication, Doña Sofía has usually been referred to as Template:Lang ('queen emerita') by the press.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Early life

Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark was born on 2 November 1938, at Tatoi Palace in Acharnes, Athens, Greece, the eldest child of King Paul of Greece and Princess Frederica of Hanover. Sofía is a member of the Greek branch of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg dynasty. Her brother was the deposed King Constantine II and her sister is Princess Irene.

Her maternal grandmother, Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia, wrote in her 1965 memoir: "I have always had a particular fondness for her, and esteemed her modesty, understanding and goodness coupled with her candid realism touches with a fine sense of humour. There, she is very much like her father. My daughter told me what the little Sophia had once said to her about him: 'You know, Mama, I think we have the nicest Papa in the world.'"<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

As her family was forced into exile during the Second World War, she spent part of her childhood in Egypt, where she took her early education in El Nasr Girls' College in Alexandria, and South Africa, where her sister Irene was born.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> They returned to Greece in 1946. She finished her education at the prestigious Schloss Salem boarding school in Southern Germany, and then studied childcare, music and archeology in Athens.Template:Citation needed She also studied at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She was a reserve member, when her brother Constantine, as helmsman, led Greece's gold medal-winning sailing team in the 1960 Summer Olympics.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Marriage and family

Template:Main Sofía met her paternal third cousin and maternal third cousin-once-removed, the then Infante Juan Carlos of Spain on a cruise in the Greek Islands in 1954; they met again at the wedding of the Duke of Kent, her paternal second cousin, at York Minster in June 1961.<ref name=Vogue-2019>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Sofía and Juan Carlos married on 14 May 1962, at the Catholic Cathedral of Saint Dionysius in Athens.<ref name=Vogue-2019/>

Sofía and Juan Carlos at the wedding of Prince Karl of Hesse and Countess Yvonne Szapáry von Muraszombath, Széchysziget und Szapár, The Hague, 1966

Sofía converted from Greek Orthodoxy to Catholicism to become more palatable to Catholic Spain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Sofía was in Greece on a private visit to her brother, King Constantine II, when the 1967 Greek military coup took place. Except for a brief stay for the funeral of her mother in 1981, Queen Sofía would not visit Greece until 1998.

In 1969, Spanish dictator Francisco Franco named Juan Carlos his successor under the official title "Prince of Spain".<ref name="Bernecker">Juan Carlos never bore the traditional title of the Spanish heir apparent, Prince of Asturias. Template:Cite journal</ref> Juan Carlos acceded to the throne in 1975, upon Franco's death.<ref name="Bernecker"/> Juan Carlos, after his accession to the Spanish throne, returned with his family to the Zarzuela Palace.

The couple has three children: Elena (born 20 December 1963); Cristina (born 13 June 1965); and Felipe (born 30 January 1968).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Queen consort

Sofía departing the United States in 1986

Besides accompanying her husband on official visits and occasions, Sofía also has solo engagements. In her first public appearance as Queen, Sofía attended a Shabbat service at the Beth Yaacov synagogue in Madrid in June 1976, marking the first time in modern Spanish history that a member of the Spanish royal family had visited a Jewish house of worship.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

She is executive president of the Queen Sofía Foundation, which in 1993, sent funds for relief in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is honorary president of the Royal Board on Education and Care of Handicapped Persons of Spain, as well as the Spanish Foundation for Aid for Drug Addicts. Additionally, she has served as the patroness of the Queen Sofía Spanish Institute since 2003.

Sofía takes special interest in programs against drug addiction, travelling to conferences in both Spain and abroad. The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía is named after her, as is Reina Sofía Airport in Tenerife.

Sofía is an Honorary Member of the San Fernando Royal Academy of Fine Arts and of the Spanish Royal Academy of History. She has received honorary doctorates from the Universities of Rosario (Bogotá), Valladolid, Cambridge, Oxford, Georgetown, Évora, St. Mary's University (Texas), and New York.

Queen Sofía in 2003

Sofía has been honorary president of the Spanish Unicef Committee since 1971.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> She has been working closely with Dr. Muhammad Yunus on his Grameen Bank, which offers microcredits to women across the world. Queen Sofía has travelled to Bangladesh, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador and Mexico to support the activities of the organization. Queen Sofía has also been a strong supporter of Somaly Mam's Template:Lang, an NGO combatting child prostitution and slavery in Cambodia. In 1998, Mam was awarded the prestigious Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation in the Queen's presence.

Juan Carlos and Sofía laying a wreath in 2009

As Queen, Sofía never publicly commented on political issues. However, in October 2008, Pilar Urbano's book La Reina muy de cerca ("The Queen up close") sparked strong controversy as it contained alleged statements by the Queen on issues debated in Spanish society. She criticized the military intervention in Afghanistan, where Spanish troops were taking part at the time, defended religious education in schools, and expressed her conviction that gender violence publicityTemplate:What would encourage new cases to occur. She also rejected abortion and euthanasia as well as same-sex marriage.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Royal Household commented that the book "puts in Her Majesty's mouth alleged claims that [...] do not correspond exactly to the opinions expressed by Her Majesty".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> While the two major parties - Socialists and People's Party - refused to comment,<ref name=Partidos>Template:Cite news</ref> her opinions were subjected to heavy criticism by Republican parties like IU and ERC and LGBT activists.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Malestar>Template:Cite news</ref>

In May 2012, Sofía was reportedly refused permission to attend the celebrations for the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II by the Spanish government, citing tensions over fishing rights at Gibraltar.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

In July 2012, Sofía visited the Philippines for a fourth time. She inspected several development projects around the former Spanish colony that her country's government is funding via the Agencia Española de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarollo (AECID). She visited the National Library, National Museum and the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines, which had the oldest extant university charter in Asia and housed the world's largest collection of suyat scripts. She also met with Spanish nationals residing in the Philippines, and attended a reception at the Spanish Embassy. She also attended a state dinner in her honour at Malacañan Palace hosted by President Benigno Aquino III,<ref>[1] Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and thanked the president for promoting the Spanish language in the Philippine educational system.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Queen Emerita

Following her husband's abdication as King in 2014, Sofía has focused on her sponsoring activities,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> spending her time between La Zarzuela and, in the summer months, the Marivent Palace in Palma de Mallorca. She regularly accompanies her son and his family at events.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In September 2025, Sofía opened the "Spain and the Birth of American Democracy: A History Symposium", cohosted by the Queen Sofía Spanish Institute and the Daughters of the American Revolution at DAR Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C.<ref name= jang>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The symposium, held in celebration of the upcoming United States Semiquincentennial, recognized Spain's role in the American Revolutionary War and the cause for American Independence from the British Empire.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Sofía was received at DAR Constitution Hall by DAR President General Ginnie Sebastian Storage.<ref name= jang/> She also visited the Spanish Embassy in the United States, where she was received by Ambassador Ángeles Moreno Bau and met with María Isabel Valldecabres, president and general director of the National Mint and Stamp Factory, and Pilar Lladó Arburúa, the chair of the board of directors of the Queen Sofía Spanish Institute.<ref name= hola2025>Template:Cite web</ref> While there, Sofía chaired the meeting of the executive committee of the Queen Sofía Spanish Institute's board of trustees.<ref name= hola2025/>

Honours

Royal Monogram

Template:Main Queen Sophia was awarded the Order of the Queen of Sheba by Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia in 1973 upon her and her husband King Juan Carlos's visit to the capital Addis Ababa. Sofía was appointed to the Grand Cross of The Royal and Distinguished Order of Charles III on 10 May 1962<ref>Template:In lang Decree 1192/1962, 1 June. HRH Princess Sofia Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III. BOE (Spanish Official Gazette), 62/06/01.</ref> and to The Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa on 14 May 1962.Template:Citation needed The Queen of Spain was appointed to the Collar of the Royal and Distinguished Order of Charles III as dame on 31 October 1983.<ref>Template:In lang Royal Decree 2747/1983, 31 October. HM Queen Sofia Collar of the Order of Charles III. BOE (Spanish Official Gazette), 83/11/02.</ref> Since then, Queen Sofía has received different appointments and decorations by more than 40 foreign states. In 2024, Queen Sofía was awarded the insignia (bow medal and collar) as a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.<ref>Template:In lang 29 October. HM Queen Sofia awarded the insignia (collar) of the Order of the Golden Fleece. BOE (Spanish Official Gazette), 24/10/29.</ref>

Notable published works

• En Decelia: fragmentos cerámicos de Decelia y miscelánea arqueológica. Athens, (1959–1960). Edited in Spanish in Spain, 2013.<ref>Logintegral Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:ISBN

See also

• Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark - Lists other members of European royalty who share a common ancestor with Queen Sofía of Spain
• Joyas de pasar

External links

• Official website of the Spanish Royal Family
• Official website of the Queen Sofia Foundation