Quinnipiac
Template:Short description Template:About Template:Infobox ethnic group The Quinnipiac were a historical Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. They lived in present-day New Haven County, Connecticut, along the Quinnipiac River.<ref>John Reed Swanton, The Indian Tribes of North America, pp. 45–46.</ref> Their primary village, also called Quinnipiac, was where New Haven, Connecticut is today.<ref name=h345/>
Name
The Quinnipiac name translates as "Long-water people."<ref name=h344>Hodge, p. 344.</ref> It was also spelled Quienepiage, Quenepiake, Qunnipiéuk, Qunnipiuck, Qunnipiug, Quinnpiipuck, Quunnipieuck, and Qvinipiak.<ref>Hodger, p. 1127.</ref>
Language
The Quinnipiac and several neighboring tribes in central Connecticut and central Long Island all spoke Quiripi, an Eastern Algonquian language. Reverend Abraham Pierson translated the catechism into Quiripi in 1658. Reverend Ezra Stiles and Thomas Jefferson both collected word lists in Quiripi.<ref name=omni/> The language went extinct in the late 19th century.<ref name=omni>Template:Cite web</ref>
Political structure
Seventeenth century colonist and writer on Indian tribes Daniel Gookin asserted the Quinnipiac were part of the Pequot;<ref name=h345>Hodge, p. 345.</ref> this association is unlikely, given that the Quinnipiac sought military protection from the Pequot and Mohawk in their first treaty with English settlers.<ref>Benjamin Trumbull, "A Complete History of Connecticut", 1818, p. 95.</ref> 19th-century historian Edward Manning Ruttenber regarded the Quinnipiac as part of the Wappinger confederacy.<ref name=h344/> The Quinnipiac tribal leader was a sachem. The Totoket people were part of the Quinnipiac sachemdom.<ref>John Reed Swanton, The Indian Tribes of North America, p. 47.</ref> The Hammonasset were likely also part of the Quinnipiac sachemdom.<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, p. 529.</ref>
History
17th century
The Puritans established the first Indian Reservation in 1638. Located near New Haven, Connecticut, the reserve was for the Quinnipiac, but only included 1,200 acres, a small portion of their original territory.<ref name=schultz>Schultz et al., Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics, 677</ref> The reservation's residents, described as "free" Indians, were placed under the authority of an English agent.<ref name=schultz/> They were not allowed to sell or abandon that land, and Native peoples from other tribes were not allowed to visit.<ref name=schultz/>
From around 1651 to 1669, Reverend Abraham Pierson, a Congregational minister, proselytized the Quinnipiac near Branford, Connecticut.<ref name=hodge883>Frederick Webb Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, p. 883.</ref> He translated Christian texts into the Quiripi language.<ref name=h345/> Missionization was not very successful, and the tribe showed "a perverse contempt" for the church.<ref name=hodge883/>
18th century
In 1730, there were an estimated 250 to 300 Quinnipiac.<ref name=h345/> In 1768, some Quinnipiac left their reservation and joined the Tunxi near Farmington, Connecticut.<ref name=h345/> In 1774, only an estimated 38 Quinnipiac survived.<ref name=h345/> They were part of the large Mahican tribe, whose descendants ultimately migrated to Wisconsin with the Stockbridge Munsee Community and Brotherton Indian Community.<ref name="ricky232">Template:Cite book</ref>