R. G. LeTourneau

Robert Gilmour "R. G." LeTourneau (Template:IPAc-en; November 30, 1888 – June 1, 1969), born in Richford, Vermont, was a prolific inventor of technologies related to earthmoving machinery, and founder of LeTourneau Technologies and LeTourneau University.<ref name = DurhamHandBookofTX/> His factories supplied machinery which represented nearly 75 percent of the earthmoving equipment used by the Allied forces during World War II, and more than half of the Template:Convert Alaska Highway in Canada, "Alcan", was built using LeTourneau equipment.<ref name = ProfKarwatka/> Over the course of his life he secured 299 patents,<ref name = ProfKarwatka/> relating to earthmoving equipment, manufacturing processes, and machine tools.Template:Citation needed lead

LeTourneau sold most company assets in 1953 for US$ 31M,<ref name = ProfKarwatka/> but reentered the heavy equipment field as LeTourneau Technologies,Template:Verification needed the oversight of which was left to his son, Richard LeTourneau, on his retirement in 1966.<ref name=FarmCollector>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its manufacturing and offshore drilling assets were sold in 1970 to Marathon Manufacturing Co., to become Marathon LeTourneau Co.Template:Fact (the assets of which became and remain divided between various manufacturing and rig-technology companies).<ref name=AP_RowanGenCableMarLeTourneau/><ref name=FurrHousBJ2015_CameronSale/>

In his later life and retirement, the elder LeTourneau was involved in philanthropic pursuits, many related to his Christian faith.

Early life and education

Robert Gilmour LeTourneau, known as "R.G." to friends, was born on November 30, 1888,<ref name = DurhamHandBookofTX> Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> to a farming family living in Richford, Vermont.<ref name = ProfKarwatka>Template:Cite journal</ref> He moved with them to Duluth, Minnesota, and then to Portland, Oregon, where he attended school through high school, dropping out at the age of 14 to take on an apprenticeship as an ironworker, at the East Portland Iron Works.<ref name = ProfKarwatka/>

There he learned the foundry and machinist trades,Template:Fact and, at the same time, did correspondence study of the "basics of mechanical engineering",<ref name = ProfKarwatka/> although he never completed any course assignments in those International Correspondence Schools courses.Template:Fact LeTourneau then began his working life in a variety of jobs that taught him "valuable technical skills".<ref name = ProfKarwatka/>

Career

Early career

LeTourneau eventually moved to San Francisco, where he worked at the Moore and Scott Iron Works at the personal invitation of the owner.Template:Fact After the San Francisco earthquake and fire, work was hard to come by.Template:Fact As described in a 2007 LaTourneau company biography (after his passing, when the company was under ownership by Rowan Companies), before 1909

he was employed at the Yerba Buena Power Plant and learned welding skills and became familiar with the application of electricity. In 1909, he moved to Stockton, California. During this time, LeTourneau worked at a number of jobs including wood cutter, farm hand, miner and carpenter's laborer, acquiring a sound knowledge of the manual trades that would prove invaluable in later life.<ref name = LeTourneauTechnolInc_2007bio>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web

}}Template:Third party inline</ref>Template:Third party inline

In 1909 he took an automobile correspondence course granting himself a "Bachelor of Motorcycles" as he learned about vehicle mechanics and graduated by taking apart and putting back together his newly acquired motorcycle in a day.Template:Fact After working on a project to build a bridge across the Stanislaus River, and seeing first hand the Fresno scraper, he was anxious to put to use his mechanical skills.Template:Fact

As described in the 2007 company biography, "[i]n 1911, LeTourneau was employed at the Superior Garage in Stockton, California, where he learned about vehicle mechanics and later became half-owner of the business."<ref name = LeTourneauTechnolInc_2007bio/>Template:Third party inline His stake was $1,000,Template:Fact and the building may have been the first in that section of California designed exclusively for the sales and servicing of cars.Template:Fact

LeTourneau was further described in the 2007 company biography:

Refused military service because of permanent neck injuries sustained in a car racing accident, LeTourneau worked during World War I as a maintenance assistant at the Mare Island Navy Yard in California, where he was trained as an electrical machinist and improved his welding skills. After the war, LeTourneau returned to Stockton and discovered the Superior Garage business had failed. In order to repay his portion of the debts, he took a job repairing a Holt crawler tractor, and was then employed by the tractor owner to level Template:Convert using the tractor and a towed scraper.<ref name = LeTourneauTechnolInc_2007bio/>Template:Third party inline

Move into manufacturing

As also described in the company biography:

This type of work appealed to LeTourneau and in January of 1920, he purchased a used Holt tractor and, with a hired scraper, commenced business as a land leveling contractor. In May of 1921, he purchased a plot of land in Stockton, California, and established a small engineering workshop, where he designed and built several types of scrapers. Combining contracting and earthmoving equipment manufacturing, his business soon began to expand and, in 1929, ...were incorporated in California as R. G. LeTourneau, Inc.<ref name = LeTourneauTechnolInc_2007bio/>Template:Third party inline

Continuing, the biography states,

Letourneau completed many earthmoving projects during the 1920's and early 1930's, including the Boulder Highway to Hoover Dam in Nevada, the Marysville Levees, Orange County Dam and the Newhall Cut-off in California. In 1933, LeTourneau retired from contracting to devote his attention to the manufacturing of earthmoving equipment. In 1935, he built a manufacturing plant in Peoria, Illinois, and the continued expansion of his business saw the establishment of manufacturing plants in Toccoa, Georgia in 1938; Rydalmere, Australia in 1941; Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1942, and Longview, Texas in 1945.<ref name = LeTourneauTechnolInc_2007bio/>Template:Third party inline

Later career

In 1953, LeTourneau sold his entire earth-moving equipment line—including plants, land, machinery, and inventory—to the Westinghouse Air Brake Company for US$ 31 million.<ref name = ProfKarwatka/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1958, at the age of seventy, LeTourneau re-entered the earthmoving equipment manufacturing business, offering contractors a range of high capacity earthmoving, transportation, and material handling machines.Template:Fact These were based on his recently developed electric wheel drive (wheel hub motor).Template:Fact

In 1966, at age 77, LeTourneau handed over leadership of the work and assets of the remaining company, LeTourneau Technologies,Template:What to his son, Richard LeTourneau.<ref name=FarmCollector/> After 1966, LeTourneau continued to work each day and could be found at the drawing board in his modest office, designing new ways to move larger loads faster and more economically.Template:Fact

LeTourneau Technologies was sold to Marathon Manufacturing Company in 1972, becoming Marathon LeTourneau Company,Template:Fact which was in turn acquired by Rowan in 1986, and Joy Global in 2011,<ref name = AnonBlog>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Better source</ref>Template:Better source the last of which was acquired by and renamed to Komatsu Mining Corp.Template:FactTemplate:Verification needed That company's assets—electric wheel and oil rig technologies—became and remain divided between various manufacturing and rig-technology companies.<ref name = AnonBlog/>Template:Better source<ref name=AP_RowanGenCableMarLeTourneau>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=FurrHousBJ2015_CameronSale>Template:Cite news</ref>

Contributions

R. G. LeTourneau was largely responsible for the invention and development of many types of earthmoving machines manufactured by his company and now widely used. He is credited with:

• introduction of land scraper equipment with a single person-operated power control unit, allowing it, in combination, to load, haul, dump, and spread earth;<ref name = ProfKarwatka/>
• replacing earlier-used "wide steel wheels" that "cut into sandy soil", with large rubber truck tires,<ref name = ProfKarwatka/><ref name = LeTourneauAutobio>Template:Cite book Reprinted by Moody Press, Template:ISBN.</ref>Template:Rp and the development of low-pressure, heavy-duty rubber tires;<ref name=FarmCollector/>
• placing diesel-generator powered electric motors (akin to diesel-electric locomotives) on each driving wheel of his scrapers;<ref name = ProfKarwatka/>
• developing the two-wheeled "Tournapull" tractor unit,<ref name=FarmCollector/><ref name = LeTourneauAutobio/>Template:Rp and numerous other improvements relating to scrapers;<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• as well as the concepts related to and used in mobile offshore drilling platforms.Template:Fact

Outside of business

File:Rg-machines-eliotlandrum.jpg

Several of R.G.'s original machines are on display on the LeTourneau University campus.

With the help of his wife, the late Evelyn Peterson (1900-1987), he founded LeTourneau University, a private, Christian institution, in Longview, Texas. LeTourneau was widely known as a devout Christian<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and generous philanthropist to Christian causes, including the "LeTourneau Christian Center" camp and conference grounds in Rushville, New York,<ref>LeTourneau Christian Conference Center</ref> and Georgia Baptist Conference Center in Toccoa, Georgia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Personal pursuits

File:Letourneau signature.png

Signature of R. G. Letourneau, citing Matthew 6:33, a Bible verse that was foundational to his life

As described in his 2007 company biography, "[i]n 1917, [R.G.] married Evelyn Peterson, the daughter of a draying company owner from Minnesota."<ref name = LeTourneauTechnolInc_2007bio/>Template:Third party inline

In 1965, International Correspondence Schools awarded LeTourneau his diploma in engineering, 50 years after he studied from their course materials. LeTourneau was 76 at the time and, in accepting the diploma, jovially remarked to executive assistant, Nels Stjernstrom: "So now I've got a diploma. Now I'm educated."<ref name = StjernstromLetourneauUnivDoc>Template:Cite documentTemplate:Better source The campus archive contact information is accessible here, last accessed July 9, 2024. Note, this link only provides information regarding contact with archive; no digital or otherwise viewable version of this document has been identified.</ref>Template:Verification needed

LeTourneau held many respected positions throughout his life as a Christian layman, including as a leader in the Christian & Missionary Alliance Church,Template:Citation needed of Christian Business Men's Connection International, (CBMC, then the Christian Business Men's Committee International),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and of the Gideons International.Template:Citation needed For 30 years he flew thousands of miles each week to maintain Christian speaking engagements around the United States and overseas.Template:Citation needed

LeTourneau set aside 90 percent of his salary and company profits for religious donations, living on the other 10 percent.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He once stated that "I shovel out the money, and God shovels it back – but God has a bigger shovel".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "You have made the word of God a glorious, practical reality," radio program host Robert Ripley told LeTourneau, then turned to the audience with his own trademark flourish. "And of such is the work of faith...believe it or not."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

File:Colegio Robert Letourneau Los Olivos Lima PE.jpg

Robert Letourneau School in Los Olivos District, Lima, Peru

LeTourneau was a firm believer in the effectiveness of practical instruction combined with classroom studies; and, in 1946, he purchased an unused military hospital, accompanying land and buildings in Longview. There he established the LeTourneau Technical Institute at the site of the former Harmon General Hospital to provide sound technical and mechanical training, traditional college courses, and training for missionary technicians, based on the philosophy of combining work, education, and Christian testimony. The LeTourneau Technical Institute became a college in its own right, in 1961, and eventually gained "university" status to become LeTourneau University.<ref>LeTourneau University</ref>

In 1953, LeTourneau began a development project in the country of Liberia, West Africa, with the diverse goals of colonization, land development, agricultural development, livestock introduction, evangelism and philanthropic activities.Template:Third party inline<ref name = LeTourneauAutobio/>Template:Rp In 1954, a colonization project with similar objectives to those in Liberia was established in the country of Peru, South America.Template:Third party inline<ref name = LeTourneauAutobio/>Template:Rp The project in Peru was called "Tournavista".<ref name=DochukJAH2012>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Death

File:LeTourneau graves in Longview, TX IMG 4041.JPG

Graves of R.G. and Evelyn Peterson LeTourneau on the LeTourneau University campus in Longview, Texas

File:Biblical verse on R.G. LeTurneau grave IMG 4038.JPG

Matthew 6:33, inscribed at the foot of R.G. LeTourneau's grave

In March 1969, LeTourneau suffered a severe stroke from which he never recovered.Template:Fact He died on June 1, 1969, at the age of eighty.<ref name = DurhamHandBookofTX/> He was survived by his wife, Evelyn, and five children:<ref name = DurhamHandBookofTX/> four sons (Richard, Roy, Ted, and Ben), and a daughter, Louise Dick.Template:Fact

Awards, recognition, and legacy

Known throughout the construction world as, "The Dean of Earthmoving," LeTourneau is considered to this day to have been the world's greatest inventor of earthmoving and materials handling equipment.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Few manufacturers of that era had such a profound effect upon the art of earthmoving as did LeTourneau. Just two years prior to his death, LeTourneau recorded his thoughts about the future of earthmoving equipment:

Construction machinery will grow bigger and bigger, and more and more powerful. Instead of 'tons' of capacity, they'll be in 'hundreds of tons', and instead of hundreds of horsepower, they'll all be rated in 'thousands of horsepower' ... We're already seeing it in big hauling units in the mines, and believe me, when the contractor and mining companies start looking for bigger and more profitable hauling units and earthmoving equipment, I'm going to be right there, the firstest with the mostest.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

LeTourneau was active in his company as president and chairman of the board from 1929 until 1966.Template:Fact He also held the position of chief engineer, personally working alongside his engineers and employees throughout his working life.Template:Fact Having spent his entire life around earthmoving equipment, LeTourneau, by description of those close to him, was just as likely to be seen at the controls of one of his machines as attending to corporate matters; he preferred the former.<ref name = StjernstromLetourneauUnivDoc/>Template:Better source LeTourneau, as described by the peers at the university he founded, shunned the high life and preferred to spend his time at the drawing board with the engineers designing new machinery or spending time on the factory floor overseeing his employees.<ref name = StjernstromLetourneauUnivDoc/>Template:Better source

LeTourneau Hall at Toccoa Falls College was named in his honor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Toccoa Airport, also known as R. G. LeTourneau Field, was built by LeTourneau and named in his honor.

Throughout his career, he was the recipient of more than 30 awards and honors related to engineering, manufacturing, and the development of heavy equipment. In 1936, he was presented with the "Appreciation of Service Achievement 1931-1935," by Six Companies Incorporated for supplying earthmoving equipment to the "Boulder Dam" project. He was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal in 1956. Recognition of service to the earthmoving industry later came from many other contractors in the industry, and, in February 1958, LeTourneau was presented with the "Beavers Award" by the Beavers, an association of leaders in the heavy construction industry. In presenting the award to LeTourneau, Beavers president George H. Atkinson, of the Guy F. Atkinson Company, a San Francisco contractor, said, "There is hardly any place in the vast industry that has not benefited through the products of Mr. LeTourneau's inventive genius."Template:Citation needed

See also

• LeTourneau University

References

Template:Multiple issues Some of this article was taken from [1], LeTourneau Technology Inc's since closed website.Template:Third party inline Template:Reflist

Further reading

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite encyclopedia
• Template:Cite news
• Template:Cite magazine
• Template:Cite report

The article opens, stating: "Commemorating the November 29, 2004, Designation by the A.S.M.E. of R.G. LeTourneau's Mountain Mover at LeTourneau University, Longview, TX as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark... This is the most recent revision of a paper submitted to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers [entitled] 'Nomination of R.G. LeTourneau's Mountain Mover for ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark.'"

• "The LeTourneau Legend", Equipment history, Template:ISBN (Global General Publishing Pty Ltd; 1995, 1998, 3rd revised edition 2007).Template:Full
• "The LeTourneau Archive", Equipment history, Template:ISBN (Global General Publishing Pty Ltd; 2005)
• "WABCO Australia", LeTourneau Australia history, Template:ISBN (Global General Publishing Pty Ltd; 2007).Template:Full
• "The WABCO Archive Wheel-Tractor Scrapers", Letourneau-Westinghouse scraper history, Template:ISBN (Global General Publishing Pty Ltd; 2011).Template:Full

External links

• An image from 1942, from The R. G. LeTourneau Archives, of his so-called "land battleship".
• Road Building Machinery, Stephens Co. At plant of L.G. LeTourneau, near Toccoa, Georgia, May 1940. From College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Photograph Collection, University Archives, Hargrett Library, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. Web. 4 June 2016.
• Road Building Machinery, Stephens Co. At plant of L.G. LeTourneau, near Toccoa, Georgia, May 1940. From College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Photograph Collection, University Archives, Hargrett Library, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. Web. 4 June 2016.
• Vanishing Georgia photograph of general office staff of LeTourneau Co. of Georgia, Toccoa, Stephens County, Georgia, ca. 1950-1953