R62 (New York City Subway car)
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The R62 is a New York City Subway car model built between 1983 and 1985 by Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Kobe, Japan, for the A Division. A total of 325 cars were built, originally as single units. When the reliability of the fleet improved, they were converted to five-car sets. The cars replaced the remaining R12s, R14s, and R15s, which were all retired by the end of 1984.
The R62 was the first order of A Division cars in 20 years (following the R36 order from 1963), and the first stainless steel subway car built for the A Division. The first cars entered revenue service testing on November 29, 1983, and officially entered service on May 7, 1984. The R62s are scheduled to remain in service until the mid 2030s, when they will be replaced with the R262s.
Description
The R62s are numbered 1301–1625, totaling 325 cars. Each car was purchased at an average price of US$918,293.
The R62 was the first stainless steel and air-conditioned subway car built for the A Division. A graffiti-resistant glaze was applied to all of the cars because of the extensive graffiti tagging of nearly all of the subway cars in the system since 1969.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1998">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They continued a controversial interior design by employing bucket seating, which was very narrow, with each seat being about Template:Convert wide. This reduced the number of seats per car when compared to standard bench seating, but allowed for higher standing capacity.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988"/> This design originated with the R44 and continued through the R68A order.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988"/> Five cars in the order (1587–1591) were built with bench seating after complaints by passengers upon delivery.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The R62s have full-width cabs at each end of each five-car set, but retain intermediate half-width cabs in the remaining cab positions, as the trains were originally built as single cars.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988"/>
The R62s also brought back the much more reliable WABCO RT-2 or SMEE braking system after an absence from subway equipment last used on their R42s in 1969. WABCO also discontinued their trouble-prone RT-5 or P-wire braking systems after disastrous results, with continuous teething problems used during the 1970s period.
Currently, almost all R62s are assigned to the Livonia Yard in Brooklyn and run on the {{ #if: | 3 | 3 }}{{
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History
Car order
After the R36 cars were delivered in 1963–1964, no more IRT cars were built for another 20 years. Several rolling stock orders were proposed for the IRT during this time.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1966, the Budd Company proposed a lightweight R39 subway car, similar to their M-3 (A49/A50/A51) cars then in use on the Philadelphia Transportation Company's (now SEPTA) Market–Frankford Line in Philadelphia, for the oldest elevated IRT and BMT lines; however, this proposal failed because most of the remaining elevated lines were subsequently closed and demolished instead. In 1973, another proposal to replace the R12 through R17 series was deferred because not enough voters approved it.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988"/> Finally, in 1979, with the bus and train fleets in poor and decrepit shape, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) looked into capital maintenance and bond acts to replace the oldest IRT cars (the R12s, R14s, R15s, and R17s) and to rebuild and refurbish newer (at the time) IRT cars (R21s and beyond). A bond issue for 136 new IRT cars was approved, and funds were procured for another new 1,014 IRT cars in 1981. These cars were referred to as the "R62" contract.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988"/> The R62 order was originally proposed as an order of 260 cars,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> each of which were to be Template:Convert long. The selected plan called for 325 Template:Convert IRT cars instead.
In July 1981, the NYCTA began the bidding process for 325 cars under the R62 contract.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988"/> Nissho-Iwai American Corp, the parent company of Japanese train car builder Kawasaki Heavy Industries, was the lowest bidder for the initial 325 cars, while the American Budd Company submitted a high bid for the initial contract and a low bid for the rest of the cars. The NYCTA did not want to award the large contract to a single builder (as it did in 1975–78 with the R46s, which were plagued by mechanical problems and cracks in the chassis).<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988"/>
The R62 contract was ordered on April 12, 1982, and awarded to Kawasaki Heavy Industries. This was the first time a foreign company was chosen to build cars for the New York City Subway, which was possible since no federal funding was involved.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988"/> Because a 1981 law now allowed the MTA and suppliers to broker contracts rather than simply accept the lowest bid, the MTA awarded the base contract to Kawasaki.<ref name="Feinman 2004">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Delivery
The cars entered revenue testing on the {{ #if: | 4 | 4 }}{{
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}} trains.<ref name="Feinman 2004"/> The cars entered service on May 7, 1984, as part of the Car Appearance Program. Soon after delivery, the cars also proved themselves much less prone to breakdowns than previous rolling stock.<ref name="Feinman 2004"/> All 325 cars were in service by August 1985, making the 4 the first entirely graffiti-free service in the system in many years.<ref name="Feinman 2004"/>
Kawasaki did not wish to build the additional cars the MTA wanted as a separate part of the R62 order, under contract R62A, for the same price per car. Bombardier Transportation, an Integrated Transportation rail car company headquartered in Montreal, won a contract to supply these additional 825 cars under a license from Kawasaki.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1988"/><ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1998"/><ref name="Feinman 2004"/>
Accidents
On August 28, 1991, a sleep-deprived and intoxicated motorman caused a southbound 4 train to derail north of the 14th Street–Union Square station in Manhattan. The train was diverted from the express track to the local due to repairs, and the motorman sped through the switch at Template:Convert; as a result, the first car made the switch while several other cars in the consist did not. Five riders were killed, and several dozen were injured. Cars 1435–1437 and 1439–1440 were wrecked in this accident; cars 1435, 1437, and 1439–1440 were scrapped in 2001,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while 1436 was reefed in February 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The remaining five cars of the consist (cars 1431–1434 and 1438) are now unitized.<ref name="www.nycsubway.org 1998"/><ref>44:10-50:10 in this video does a small documentary on the accident: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KKVupF7Uug Template:Webarchive</ref>
On December 21, 1994, disgruntled computer analyst Edward J. Leary firebombed a crowded 4 train at Fulton Street. Car 1391 suffered interior damage, but was repaired and returned to service. A little more than three years later, however, on February 3, 1998, cars 1391–1395, while out of service, was rear-ended by another out-of-service train of R33s at the 239th Street Yard. All five cars suffered anticlimber damage, but were repaired and returned to service.
On October 25, 2000, during the 2000 World Series, a 4 train collided head-on with a work train at the Fordham Road station on the IRT Jerome Avenue Line in the Bronx.<ref name="Newman 2000 c725">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Car 1369 and one half of 1370 were damaged beyond repair.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Car 1366 and the undamaged half of car 1370 were donated to the FDNY Randall's Island training center, where they are used as training cars along with R40A 4461.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Meanwhile, cars 1367 and 1368 were reefed in February 2008.
Replacement
Though no R62s were retired by replacement, the aforementioned accidents caused the premature retirement of ten cars.<ref>MTA Capital Program Oversight Committee Hearing, June 2010 (page 20) Template:Webarchive</ref> The remaining cars are expected to be replaced starting around the early-mid 2030s. The MTA proposed mid-life technological upgrades for the R62s in 2010, including LED destination signs and automated announcements.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In January 2019, the MTA announced that it would be replacing the R62/A fleets with the R262s, a new fleet that would be ordered as part of a future capital program.<ref name=MTA-CPOC-Jan2019>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp
References
Further reading
- Sansone, Gene. Evolution of New York City subways: An illustrated history of New York City's transit cars, 1867–1997. New York Transit Museum Press, New York, 1997 Template:ISBN