Ram Jethmalani

Ram Boolchand Jethmalani (14 September 1923 – 8 September 2019) was an Indian lawyer and politician. He served as India's Union Minister of Law and Justice, as chairman of the Indian Bar Council, and as the president of the Supreme Court Bar Association.

Jethmalani obtained his LL.B. degree at the age of 17 and started practising law in his hometown, Shikarpur, until the partition of India. The partition led him to move to Mumbai as a refugee where he began his life and career afresh. He announced his retirement from judicial profession in 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Throughout his political career, Jethmalani worked for improving the relations between India and Pakistan, owing to his experiences as a refugee post-partition. He was elected as member of the Lok Sabha twice, contensting from Janata Party, from the Mumbai North West constituency. He also served as the Union Minister of Urban Development in the first Atal Bihari Vajpayee ministry, against whom he later contested election in the 2004 Indian general elections from the Lucknow constituency. He later returned to BJP in 2010, and was elected to the Rajya Sabha on its ticket.

Jethmalani was awarded the Human Rights Award by World Peace Through Law in 1977. He authored books such as Big Egos, Small Men; Conscience of a Maverick; and Maverick: Unchanged, Unrepentant; among others. He also co-authored legal scholarly books on different fields of law.

Personal life

Jethmalani was born on 14 September 1923 in Shikarpur, Sindh in the Sindh division of the then Bombay Presidency (today a part of Pakistan) to Boolchand Gurmukhdas Jethmalani and Parbati Boolchand.<ref name="Death"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He got a double promotion in school and completed matriculation at the age of 13. At the age of 17 he secured an LL.B. degree from the Bombay University with a first class distinction. At that time, the minimum age for becoming a lawyer was 21, but a special exception (resulting from an application that he made to the court contesting the rule regarding minimum age) allowed him to become a lawyer at the age of 18.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /> He received his LL.M. from Bombay University, since Sindh did not have a university of its own at that time.<ref name=bio-rs />

Jethmalani married his first wife, Durga, in a traditional Indian arranged marriage, around the age of 18. In 1947, just before the partition of India, he married his second wife, Ratna Shahani, a lawyer by profession. His family includes both of his wives and four children – three by Durga (Rani, Shobha, Mahesh) and one by Ratna (Janak).<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi-times/Ram-Jethmalani-In-black-and-white/articleshow/9580860.cms Template:Webarchive Ram Jethmalani: In black and white: Times New Network, 12 May 2002.</ref><ref name="telegraphPlead">Template:Cite web</ref> Among his two sons and two daughters, Mahesh and Rani have been supreme court lawyers while Mahesh is also a BJP leader, and Rani a social activist.<ref name="Rani Jethmalani">Template:Cite news</ref> Kamna Jethmalani, an actress in Telugu and Tamil films is a relative of him. She is the granddaughter of one of his brothers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Jethmalani died on 8 September 2019 in New Delhi at his home at the age of 95.<ref name="Death">Template:Cite news</ref> According to his son Mahesh Jethmalani, he had been unwell for the last few months of his life, and died at 7:45 am (IST), six days short of his 96th birthday.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Career

Legal career

Ram Jethmalani started his career as a lawyer and Professor in Sindh before partition.<ref name="ramjethmalani.com">Template:Cite web</ref> He started his own law firm in Karachi with his friend A.K. Brohi who was senior to him by seven years.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /> In February 1948, when riots broke out in Karachi, he fled to India on the advice of his friend Brohi and when he came to India in that day he had only INR 10 in his pocket and with that note he stayed in the refugee camp for few days.<ref name="ramjethmalani.com"/>

Jethmalani fought his first case at the age of 17 in the court of Sindh under Justice Godfrey Davis, contesting the rule regarding minimum age passed by the Bar Council of Sindh. In a talk at Algebra in June 2017, Jethmalani recounted his first case fought in India as a refugee. The newly introduced Bombay Refugees Act treated refugees in an inhumane manner, against which Jethmalani filed a case in the Bombay High Court, praying for the law to be declared unconstitutional, a case he won.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Jethmalani later came to be noted for his appearance in the Nanavati case in 1959 with Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud, who was later to become the Chief Justice of India. His defence of a string of smugglers in the late 1960s established his image as a "smuggler's lawyer", to which he mentioned that he was only doing his duty as a lawyer.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1954, he became a part-time Professor at the Government Law College, Mumbai for both graduate and post graduate studies. He also taught comparative law at the Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan.<ref name="ramjethmalani.com" /> He has been the Chairman of Bar Council of India for four tenures, before as well as after the emergency. In 1996, he also became a member of the International Bar Association. He has served as the Professor Emeritus for Symbiosis International University law schools.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2010, he was also elected as the president of the Supreme Court Bar Association.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

During his career he was involved in a number of high-profile defence cases as lawyer<ref name="India Today cases">Template:Cite news</ref> – people involved in market scams (Harshad Mehta and Ketan Parekh), and a host of gangsters and smugglers including the British citizen Daisy Angus who was acquitted of hashish smuggling after serving five years in jail. He also defended L. K. Advani in the Hawala scam. He was in the news for taking up the defence of Manu Sharma, prime accused in the Jessica Lall murder case; however, he failed to get Manu Sharma acquitted. He was to be defending Lalit Modi, former Indian Premier League chairman and commissioner.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Some of the cases Jethmalani appeared in include — the defence of Indira Gandhi's alleged assassins, challenging the medical evidence deposed of Tirath Das Dogra, a forensic expert of AIIMS, on record;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> defending Harshad Mehta in a stock market scam and the Narasimha Rao bribery case;<ref name="Harshad Mehta">Template:Cite news</ref> defending Ketan Parekh in a stock market scam;<ref name="FirstpostCases">Template:Cite news</ref> appearing in a case involving Mumbai mafia gang leader, Haji Mastan;<ref name="telegraphPlead" /> speaking on record against the death sentence of Afzal Guru, though he had not taken up the case;<ref name="FirstpostCases" /> defending L K Advani in the Hawala scam;<ref name="telegraphPlead" /> defending Manu Sharma in Jessica Lall's murder;<ref name="telegraphPlead" /> defending Amit Shah in the Sohrabuddin encounter case;<ref name="FirstpostCases" /> defending Amit Jogi in the Jaggi murder case;<ref name="patrika">Template:Cite news</ref> appearing for Sanjay Chandra's bail in the 2G spectrum case;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> appearing for Kulbhushan Parashar's bail in the navy war room leak case;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> defending Kanimozhi in the 2G spectrum case;<ref name="telegraphPlead" /> appearing in Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy's special leave petition on stay for C.B.I. probe into money laundering in his companies;<ref name="India Today Jagan">Template:Cite news</ref> appearing in Yeddyurappa's case on an illegal mining scam;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> defending A. G. Perarivalan, T Suthendraraja alias Santhan, and Sriharan alias Murugan, all convicted in the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case;<ref name="telegraphPlead" /> defending Ramdev in case of allaged use of force on his followers at Ramlila grounds on 4 June 2011;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> defending Shiv Sena in Krishna Desai's murder;<ref name="India Today Desai">Template:Cite news</ref> defending Asaram Bapu in the Jodhpur sexual assault case;<ref name="Asaram">Template:Cite news</ref> defending Lalu Prasad Yadav in the supreme court and appearing for his bail in the fodder scam case, on 13 December 2013;<ref name="telegraphPlead" /> appearing for Subrata Roy in the Sahara-SEBI case;<ref name="Sahara">Template:Cite news</ref> appearing for AIADMK leader Jayalalithaa, convicted in a disproportionate assets case by the Karnataka High Court;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and, appearing for AAP president Arvind Kejriwal, in a defamation case filed by Arun Jaitley,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> among others.

On 9 September 2017, he announced his retirement from the legal profession.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Political career

Jethmalani's experience during the partition as a refugee led him to advocate for better relations between India and Pakistan, which he sought throughout his political career.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He contested as an independent candidate from Ulhasnagar supported both by the Shiv Sena and Bharatiya Jan Sangh but he lost the elections.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /> During the emergency period of 1975–1977, he was the chairman of the Bar Association of India. He heavily criticised then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. An arrest warrant was issued against him from Kerala which was stayed by the Bombay high court when over three hundred lawyers, led by Nani Palkhivala, appeared for him. However, the stay was nullified by the habeas corpus judgement in Additional District Magistrate of Jabalpur v. Shiv Kant Shukla.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jethmalani exiled himself in Canada carrying on his campaign against the emergency. He returned to India ten months later after the emergency was lifted. While in Canada, his candidature for the Parliament was filed from the Bombay North-West constituency. He won the election and retained the seat in 1980 general elections, but lost to Sunil Dutt in 1985. In the 1977 general elections after the emergency, he won against then serving Union law minister H. R. Gokhale from Bombay in the Lok Sabha elections, and hence started his political career as a parliamentarian.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /> However he was not made law minister himself as Morarji Desai disapproved of his lifestyle.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">[1] Devil?s advocate: Jethmalani</ref>

He became a member of the Rajya Sabha in 1988 and the Union minister of law, justice and company affairs in 1996, in the cabinet of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. During the second tenure of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, in 1998, he was given the portfolio of Union minister of urban affairs and employment. But on 13 October 1999 he was again sworn in as the Union minister for law, justice and company affairs. He was asked to resign by the prime minister following differences with then chief justice of India Adarsh Sein Anand and Attorney General of India Soli Sorabjee. He was inducted into the cabinet on home Minister Lal Krishna Advani's insistence.<ref name="india-today.com">Template:Cite web</ref>

He had also announced his candidature for President of India stating: "I owe it to the nation to offer my services". He launched his own political fronts, the Bharat Mukti Morcha, as a "mass movement" in 1987. In 1995, he launched his own political party called the Pavitra Hindustan Kazhagam, with the motto to achieve "transparency in functioning of Indian democracy".<ref name="hindustantimes.com" />

In the general elections of 2004, he contested against Atal Bihari Vajpayee from the Lucknow constituency as an independent candidate. The Indian National Congress did not field their candidates in this election; however, he lost. Later on, in 2010, he was given a Rajya Sabha ticket by Bharatiya Janta Party from Rajasthan and he was elected. He was also a member of the Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice.<ref name=bio-rs /> Jethmalani has been criticised as being "opportunistic" as a result of this.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jethmalani was noted for speaking his mind;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> at a reception hosted by the Pakistan High Commission for the Pakistan Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar who was on a visit to India on 28 July 2011, Jethmalani in the presence of the Chinese ambassador called China an enemy of both India and Pakistan and warned the Indians and Pakistanis to beware of the Chinese.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In December 2009, the Committee on Judicial Accountability stated that it considered that recommendations for judicial appointments should only be made after a public debate, including review by members of the bar of the affected high courts. This statement was made in relation to controversy about the appointments of justices C. K. Prasad and P. D. Dinakaran. The statement was signed by Jethmalani, Shanti Bhushan, Fali Sam Nariman, Anil B. Divan, Kamini Jaiswal and Prashant Bhushan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2012, Jethmalani wrote to then Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) President Nitin Gadkari, accusing opposition BJP leaders of being "silent against the huge corruption" within the ruling UPA-II government, and stated that BJP "is sick".<ref>"Jethmalani writes to Gadkari, says BJP is sick", Hindustan Times, New Delhi, 26 May 2012 Template:Webarchive</ref> Jethmalani's letter<ref name="Jethmalani Letter">Template:Cite web</ref> became public on the internet. The same year, in November, Jethmalani stated "When there are serious allegations against Gadkari, he should have stayed away, if only to raise his stature in the public eye".<ref name="telegraphPlead" /> He also said "I am sure the RSS is trying to influence the functioning of the BJP. After all, BJP leaders have grown up with the RSS".<ref name="telegraphPlead" />

In May 2013, BJP expelled Jethmalani from the party for six years, for having made anti-party statements.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In October 2013, defamation charges were framed against BJP seeking Template:INR convert as "null and void and damages" for making a statement that he was not a fit person to be member of the party.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Jethmalani Letter" />

Later life

Jethmalani stepped into the role of an elder statesman, but took action on occasion, as he was also India's oldest practising lawyer.<ref>Lavina Melwani, "Interview: Flamboyant Legal Eagle, Ram Jethmalani", Khabar, Dec. 2015.</ref> In 2017, he wrote an open letter to Justice C. S. Karnan, of the Calcutta High Court, who was embroiled in controversy:<ref>Brijesh Kalappa, "An open letter to the Chief Justice of India", The Times of India, 18 March 2017.</ref>

Karnan retired shortly thereafter.

Jethmalani died in 2019. Many former colleagues wrote remembrances of him.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Elections contested

Lok Sabha

Year	Constituency	Party		Votes	%	Opponent	Opponent Party		Opponent Votes	%	Result	Margin	%
1971	Bhiwandi	Template:Party name with color	97,203	29.13	S. V. Dhamankar	Template:Party name with color	163,684	49.06	Template:No2	-66,481	-19.93
1977	Bombay North West	Template:Party name with color	246,446	61.09	H. R. Gokhale	152,947	37.91	Template:Yes2	93,499	23.18
1980		207,767	51.17	Ramrao Adik	Template:Party name with color	180,712	44.51	Template:Yes2	27,055	6.66
1984		Template:Party name with color	154,349	30.31	Sunil Dutt	Template:Party name with color	308,989	60.67	Template:No2	-154,640	-30.36
2004	Lucknow	Template:Party name with color	53,566	9.97	Atal Bihari Vajpayee	Template:Party name with color	324,714	56.12	Template:No2	-271,148	-46.15

Rajya Sabha

Position	Party		Constituency	From	To	Tenure
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha (1st Term)	Template:Party name with color	Karnataka	3 April 1988	2 April 1994	Template:Ayd
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha (2nd Term)	Template:Party name with color	Maharashtra	3 April 1994	2 April 2000	Template:Ayd
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha (3rd Term)	3 April 2000		2 April 2006	Template:Ayd
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha (4th Term)	Template:Party name with color	Nominated	10 April 2006	26 August 2009	Template:Ayd
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha (5th Term)	Template:Party name with color	Rajasthan	5 July 2010	8 June 2016 (Resigned)	Template:Ayd
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha (6th Term)	Template:Party name with color	Bihar	8 July 2016	8 September 2019 (Death)	Template:Ayd

Awards and achievements

• International Jurist Award<ref name="India Today rich legacy">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• 1977 – Human Rights Award by World Peace Through Law<ref name="India Today rich legacy" /><ref name="ramjethmalani.com" />

Books

Books by Jethmalani

• Big Egos, Small Men<ref name="RS Profile">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref name="one"/> (Template:ISBN)
• Conflict of Laws (1955)<ref name="one">Template:Cite news</ref>
• Conscience of a Maverick<ref>[2] Template:Webarchive Ram Jethmalani – 87 not out : The Hindu</ref> (Template:ISBN)
• Justice: Soviet Style<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="RS Profile" />
• Maverick: Unchanged, Unrepentant<ref name="one"/> (Template:ISBN)

Jethmalani had also co-authored various legal scholarly books on fields of law such as criminal law, administrative law, and media law.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Books on Jethmalani

• Ram Jethmalani : The Authorized Biography by Nalini Gera (Template:ISBN)
• The Rebel: A Biography of Ram Jethmalani by Susan Adelman (Template:ISBN)

In popular culture

• Actor Mithilesh Chaturvedi portrays Jethmalani in Scam 1992, a Sony LIV's original web series based on 1992 Indian stock market scam of Harshad Mehta.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Actor Sumeet Vyas portrays Ram Jethmalani in Hindi webseries The Verdict based on real life incident that is Nanavati case available on OTT platform Zee5 and in association with Ekta Kapoor's Alt Balaji.
• Actor Ram Kapoor portrays Jethmalani in the Bollywood film The Big Bull, starring Abhishek Bachchan, loosely based on the life and crimes of Harshad Mehta.
• Actor Sachin Khedekar portrays Jethmalani in the 2016 Bollywood film Rustom.

See also

• K. M. Nanavati vs. State of Maharashtra

External links

• Bio-profile of Jethmalani as Lok Sabha Member
• Rajya Sabha Member

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