Ranulf de Glanvill

Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox officeholder Ranulf de Glanvill (alias Glanvil, Glanville, Granville, etc., died 1190) was Chief Justiciar of England during the reign of King Henry II (1154–89) and was the probable author of Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie (The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of England), the earliest treatise on the laws of England.<ref>Everyman's Encyclopaedia, 5th edition, London, 1967, vol. 6, p. 31.</ref><ref>F.J. West, The Justiciarship in England 1066–1232 (Cambridge University Press 1966).</ref><ref>R.V. Turner, The English Judiciary in the Age of Glanvill and Bracton c. 1176–1239 (Cambridge University Press 1985).</ref>

Political and legal career

There are no primary sources citing when or where he was born. He is first heard of as Sheriff of Yorkshire, Warwickshire and Leicestershire from 1163 to 1170 when, along with the majority of High Sheriffs, he was removed from office for corruption.

However, in 1173, he was appointed Sheriff of Lancashire and custodian of the honour of Richmond. In 1174, when he was Sheriff of Westmorland, he was one of the English leaders at the Battle of Alnwick, and it was to him that the king of Scotland, William the Lion, surrendered.

In 1175, he was reappointed Sheriff of Yorkshire, in 1176 he became justice of the king's court and a justice itinerant in the northern circuit, and in 1180 Chief Justiciar of England.<ref name="Powicke69">Powicke Handbook of British Chronology, p. 69.</ref> It was with his assistance that Henry II completed his famous judicial reforms, though many had been carried out before he came into office. He became the king's right-hand man, and during Henry's frequent absences was in effect regent of England. In 1176, he was also made custodian of Queen Eleanor, who was confined to her quarters in Winchester Castle.

After the death of Henry in 1189, Glanvill was removed from his office by Richard I on 17 September 1189<ref name="Powicke69"/> and imprisoned until he had paid a ransom, according to one authority, of £15,000. Shortly after obtaining his freedom he took the cross, and he died at the siege of Acre in 1190.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>

He founded two monasteries, both in Suffolk: Butley Priory, for Black Canons, was founded in 1171,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Leiston Abbey, for White Canons, in 1183.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He also built a leper hospital at Somerton, in Norfolk.

Marriage and progeny

The title page of a 1780 edition of Glanvill's Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Angliæ<ref>Template:Citation.</ref>

Ranulf married Bertha de Valoignes, daughter of Theobald de Valoines, lord of the manor of Parham, Suffolk,<ref>George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, Volume II, ed. Vicary Gibbs (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1912), p. 447.</ref> by whom he had three daughters:<ref>S. J. Bailey, 'Ranulf de Glanvill and His Children', The Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, (Nov. 1957), p. 166 JSTOR</ref>

• Matilda (Maud) de Glanville, who married Sir William de Auberville of Westenhanger, Kent:<ref name="CLJ">S. J. Bailey, Ranulf de Glanvill and his Children, The Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, (Nov. 1957) pp. 166, 174, 175.</ref> they were the founders of Langdon Abbey in Kent.<ref>'Houses of Premonstratensian canons: The abbey of West Langdon', in W. Page (ed.), A History of the County of Kent, Vol. 2 (V.C.H., London 1926), pp. 169–72 (British History Online, accessed 25 June 2018).</ref>
• Ammabil (Mabel) de Glanville, who married a certain de Arden.<ref name="CLJ"/>
• Helewis de Glanville, who married Robert fitz Ralph fitz Ribald:<ref name="CLJ"/> she was the foundress of Swainby Abbey, which was afterwards moved to Coverham Abbey, North Yorkshire.<ref>'Premonstratensian houses: Abbey of Coverham', in W. Page (ed.), A History of the County of York, Vol. 3 (V.C.H., London 1974), pp. 243–45 (British History Online, accessed 25 June 2018).</ref>

Tractatus de legibus

Perhaps at the instigation of Henry II, Glanvill wrote or oversaw the writing of Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie (The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of England), a practical discourse on the forms of procedure in the king's court, which was often known simply as Glanvill.<ref>John Hudson, The Oxford History of the Laws of England: c.900–1216, ed. John Hamilton Baker, Vol. II (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2012), p. 872.</ref> As the source of our knowledge regarding the earliest form of the curia regis, and for the information it affords regarding ancient customs and laws, it is of great value to the student of English history. It is now generally agreed that the work of Glanvill is of earlier date than the Scottish law book known from its first words as Regiam Majestatem, which bears a close resemblance to his.

The treatise of Glanvill was first printed in 1554.<ref>Ranulf De Glanville, The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Realm of England Commonly Called Glanvill, ed. G.D.G. Hall (Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 2002), p. xix n. 1.</ref> An English translation, with notes and introduction by John Beames, was published at London in 1812.<ref>Ranulf De Glanville, The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Realm of England Commonly Called Glanvill, ed. G.D.G. Hall (Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 2002), pp. lxiv–lxv</ref> A French version is found in various manuscripts, but has not yet been printed. The treatise was then edited and translated by G.D.G. Hall for the Oxford University Press in 1965.<ref>Harry Rothwell, English Historical Documents 1189–1327 (Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004), p. 923.</ref>

The authorship of the Tractatus, while certainly within the sphere of Ranulf, is debated, other candidates for its authorship or co-authorship including Ranulf's nephews Hubert Walter (Chief Justiciar and Lord Chancellor of England under Richard I<ref name=BHOYork>British History Online Deans of York accessed on 10 September 2007.</ref>) and Osbert fitzHervey.<ref>R.V. Turner, (Spring 1990). 'Who was the author of Glanvill? Reflections on the education of Henry II's Common Lawyers,' Law and History Review 8, Part 1 (Spring 1990), pp. 97–127.</ref>

References

• British History Online Deans of York accessed on 10 September 2007
• Powicke, F. Maurice and E. B. Fryde Handbook of British Chronology 2nd. ed. London: Royal Historical Society 1961

Further reading

• R. Mortimer, 'The family of Rannulf de Glanville', Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research Vol. 54 (1981), pp. 1–16.
• R.V. Turner, 'The reputation of royal judges under the Angevin kings', Albion 11 part 4 (winter 1979), pp. 301–16.
• R.V. Turner, 'Religious patronage of Angevin royal administrators, c. 1170–1239', Albion 18 part 1 (Spring 1986), pp. 1–21.

External links

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Caveat

• W.U.C. Glanville-Richards, Records of the Anglo-Norman House of Glanville from A.D. 1050 to 1880 (Mitchell & Hughes, London 1882) (Google). "much of this is incorrect or very questionable" – F.W. Maitland, c. 1890. "little reliance can be placed on this work" – C.W. David, 1936. See: C.J. Wright, 'The man who wrote on the manuscripts in the British Museum', British Library Journal 1986, pp. 76–85 (British Library pdf).

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