Razavi Khorasan province

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Razavi Khorasan province (Template:Langx)Template:Efn is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in northeastern Iran. Its capital is the city of Mashhad, the second-most-populous city in Iran.<ref name="Khorasan Province Structure 2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Razavi Khorasan is one of the three provinces that were created after the division of Khorasan Province in 2004. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> with Mashhad as the location of the region's secretariat.

History

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

The Greater Khorasan has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and governments in its territory throughout history. Various tribes of the Arabs, Turks, Kurds and Turkmens brought changes to the region time and time again.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ancient geographers of Iran divided Iran ("Ērānshahr") into eight segments of which the most flourishing and largest was the territory of Greater Khorasan. Esfarayen, among other cities of the province, was one of the focal points for residence of the Aryan tribes after entering Iran.

The Parthian Empire was based near Merv in Khorasan for many years. During the Sassanid dynasty, the province was governed by a Spahbod (Lieutenant General) called "Padgošban" and four margraves, each commander of one of the four parts of the province.

Khorasan was divided into four parts during the Muslim conquest of Persia, each section being named after one of the four largest cities, Nishapur, Merv, Herat, and Balkh.

In the year 651, the army of the Rashidun Caliphate conquered Khorasan. The territory remained under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate until 820, followed by the rule of the Iranian Tahirid dynasty until 873, and the Samanid dynasty in 900.

Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Khorasan-e Razavi, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan.

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 5,515,980 in 1,426,187 households.<ref name="2006 Razavi Khorasan Province">Template:Cite report</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 5,994,402 people in 1,716,314 households.<ref name="2011 Razavi Khorasan Province">Template:Cite report</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 6,434,501 in 1,938,703 households.<ref name="2016 Razavi Khorasan Province">Template:Cite report</ref>

Ethnicity

The major ethnic group in this region are Persians, there are other sizeable communities such as Khorasani Kurds, Khorasani Turks, Turkmens and Khorasani Baloch.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Religion

According to the 2016 census, the Muslim population of Razavi Khorasan was 6,409,180,<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> most of whom are followers of Shia Islam,<ref name="iranwire.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with the shrine of the 8th Shi'ite Imam being located in Mashhad. A significant Sunni population also inhabit the province,<ref name="iranwire.com"/> forming the majority in cities such as Torbat-e-Jam <ref name="iranwire.com"/> and Taybad.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Additionally, the 2016 census recorded that there were 7,159 Christians, 961 Zoroastrians and 135 Jews living in the province, with an additional 1,073 being recorded as following other faiths, and a further 15,993 not stating their religion.<ref>Template:Cite report</ref>

Administrative divisions

File:Razavi Khorasan.svg

The population history and structural changes of Razavi Khorasan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Razavi Khorasan Province
Counties 2006<ref name="2006 Razavi Khorasan Province"/> 2011<ref name="2011 Razavi Khorasan Province"/> 2016<ref name="2016 Razavi Khorasan Province"/>
BajestanTemplate:Efn — 30,664 31,207
BakharzTemplate:Efn — 53,582 54,615
Bardaskan 68,392 72,626 75,631
Chenaran 108,533 125,601 155,013
Dargaz 73,439 74,326 72,355
DavarzanTemplate:Efn — — 21,911
Fariman 86,428 93,930 99,001
FiruzehTemplate:Efn — 42,739 37,539
GolbaharTemplate:Efn — — —
Gonabad 106,158 80,783 88,753
JoghataiTemplate:Efn — 47,920 49,175
JoveynTemplate:Efn — 54,139 54,488
Kalat 39,560 38,232 36,237
Kashmar 146,536 157,149 168,664
Khaf 108,964 121,859 138,972
Khalilabad 44,993 49,111 51,701
KhoshabTemplate:Efn — 37,914 37,181
KuhsorkhTemplate:Efn — — —
Mahvelat 47,068 48,900 51,409
Mashhad 2,848,637 3,069,941 3,372,660
Miyan JolgehTemplate:Efn — — —
Nishapur 441,184 433,105 451,780
Quchan 179,613 179,714 174,495
Roshtkhar 57,247 60,632 60,689
Sabzevar 429,187 319,893 306,310
SalehabadTemplate:Efn — — —
Sarakhs 85,524 89,956 97,519
SheshtamadTemplate:Efn — — —
Taybad 143,205 108,424 117,564
Torbat-e Heydarieh 261,917 210,390 224,626
Torbat-e Jam 239,395 262,712 267,671
Torqabeh and ShandizTemplate:EfnTemplate:Efn — 58,483 69,640
ZavehTemplate:Efn — 71,677 67,695
ZeberkhanTemplate:Efn — — —
Total 5,515,980 5,994,402 6,434,501

Cities

Template:See also

File:Aerial View of Koohsangi street, Mashhad, Iran.png
Mashhad
File:Nishapur Panorama at north view.jpg
Nishapur
File:Mulla Hadi Sabzevari Tomb (ADI3475-05).jpg
Sabzevar
File:نمایی از تربت حیدریه.jpg
Torbat-e Heydarieh

According to the 2016 census, 4,700,924 people (over 72% of the population of Razavi Khorasan province) live in the following cities:<ref name="2016 Razavi Khorasan Province"/>

City Population
Ahmadabad-e Sowlat 8,326
Anabad 6,186
Bajestan 11,741
Bajgiran 594
Bakharz 9,044
Bar 3,765
Bardaskan 28,233
Bayg 3,545
Bidokht 5,501
Chapeshlu 2,374
Chekneh 1,381
Chenaran 53,879
Dargaz 36,762
Darrud 5,717
Davarzan 2,744
Dowlatabad 9,329
Eshqabad 1,993
Farhadgerd 8,442
Fariman 39,515
Feyzabad 18,120
Firuzeh 5,884
Golbahar 36,877
Golmakan 8,373
Gonabad 40,773
Hemmatabad 1,274
Jangal 6,650
Joghatai 9,268
Kadkan 3,719
Kakhk 4,625
Kalat 7,687
Kariz 11,102
Kashmar 102,282
Khaf 33,189
Khalilabad 12,751
Kharv 13,535
Kondor 6,460
Lotfabad 1,865
Mashhad 2,987,323
Mashhad Rizeh 10,105
Mazdavand 1,241
Molkabad 2,056
Nashtifan 9,176
Nasrabad 7,460
Neqab 14,783
Nilshahr 7,371
Nishapur 264,375
Now Khandan 2,634
Qadamgah 3,010
Qalandarabad 4,880
Qasemabad 5,145
Quchan 101,604
Razaviyeh 8,850
Rivash 5,687
Robat-e Sang 1,551
Roshtkhar 7,514
Rud Ab 4,028
Sabzevar 243,700
Salami 7,555
Salehabad 8,625
Sangan 12,443
Sarakhs 42,179
Sefid Sang 6,129
Shadmehr 3,825
Shahrabad 2,083
Shahr-e Zow 3,745
Shandiz 13,987
Sheshtomad 3,108
Soltanabad 5,932
Taybad 56,562
Torbat-e Heydarieh 140,019
Torbat-e Jam 100,449
Torqabeh 20,998
Yunesi 3,426

The following sorted table lists the most populous cities in Razavi Khorasan according to 2016 Census results announced by Statistical Center of Iran.<ref name="2016 Razavi Khorasan Province"/> After Mashhad, Nishapur, Sabzevar, and Torbat-e Heydarieh are the most populous cities of the province.

Most Populous Urban Areas in Razavi Khorasan Province<ref name="2016 Razavi Khorasan Province"/>
Rank City County Population
1 Mashhad Mashhad 2,987,323
2 Nishapur Nishapur 264,375
3 Sabzevar Sabzevar 243,700
4 Torbat-e Heydarieh Torbat-e Heydarieh 140,019
5 Kashmar Kashmar 102,282
6 Quchan Quchan 101,604
7 Torbat-e Jam Torbat-e Jam 100,449
8 Taybad Taybad 56,562
9 Chenaran Chenaran 53,879
10 Sarakhs Sarakhs 42,179

Archaeological sites

File:Iran-Documentary-Hamid-Mojtahedi.jpg
Tomb of Ferdowsi

The main archeological sites discovered in this province include:

Kohandezh hills

Excavations conducted by an American team between 1935 and 1940 in Nishapur discovered museum-worthy objects, which were shared with the government of the Shah. The Metropolitan Museum of Art's publicationsTemplate:Citation needed document its own Nishapur ceramics from those excavations. For half a century after 1945 the site of Nishapur was ransacked to feed the international market demand for early Islamic works of art. Nowadays, the Kohandezh hills reveal the remains from those excavations.Template:Citation needed

Shadiyakh

Shadiyakh was an important palace in old Nishapur up to the 7th century, and became more important and populated after that. The palace was completely ruined in the 13th century. It was the home of notables such as Farid al-Din Attar, whose tomb is found in Shadiyakh.

Attractions

File:Imam Reza shrine.jpg
Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad

This province contains many historical and natural attractions, such as mineral water springs, small lakes, recreational areas, caves and protected regions, and various hiking areas.

Besides these, Khorasan encompasses numerous religious buildings and places of pilgrimage, including the shrine of Imam Reza, Goharshad mosque and many other mausoleums and Imamzadehs which attract visitors to this province.

The Cultural Heritage of Iran lists 1179 sites of historical and cultural significance in all three provinces of Khorasan.

Some of the popular attractions of Khorasan-e Razavi are:

File:حوض 33 آبشار.jpg
Tomb of Ferdowsi in Mashhad

Mashhad

File:Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám.jpg
Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám in Nishapur

Nishapur

File:Hakim Sabzevari Tomb.jpg
Tomb of Hadi Sabzevari in Sabzevar

Sabzevar

File:Jameh Mosque of Kashmar2021.jpg
Jameh Mosque of Kashmar in Kashmar
File:Atashgah Castle2023-04-08 68.jpg
Atashgah Castle in Kashmar

Kashmar

Khalilabad

Torbat-e Jam

Gonabad

Sarakhs

File:Aliabad-e Keshmar2011-09-25.jpg
Aliabad Tower in Bardaskan
File:FiroozAbad Tower.jpg
Firuzabad Tower in Bardaskan

Bardaskan

Bajestan

File:Abbas aabaad Nights... 03.jpg
Abbasabad Complex Taybad in Taybad

Taybad

Rivash

Colleges and universities

  • Asrar Institute of Higher Education<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Bahar Institute of Higher Education<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Comprehensive University of Applied and Practical Sciences, Khorasan<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Gonabad University of Medical Sciences<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Hakim-e Sabzevari University of Sabzevar<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Imam Reza University<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Template:Ill
  • Islamic Azad University of Ghoochan
  • Islamic Azad University of Gonabad<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Sadjad University of Technology<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Notable people

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Template:Colbegin

See also

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Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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