Reed Crandall

Template:Short description Template:Infobox comics creator Reed Leonard Crandall (February 22, 1917 – September 13, 1982)<ref name=ssdi>Reed Crandall at the Social Security Death Index, via GenealogyBank.com; and via FamilySearch.org, citing U.S. Social Security Administration, Death Master File, database (Alexandria, Virginia: National Technical Information Service, ongoing. Retrieved on 22 February 2013. Neither gives specific day of death. First cite archived from the original on 22 February 2013; second cite archived from the original on 22 February 2013.</ref><ref>Reed Leonard Crandall gravestone (photo) at FindAGrave.com. Archived from the original on May 1, 2012.</ref> was an American illustrator and penciller of comic books and magazines. He was best known for the 1940s Quality Comics' Blackhawk and for stories in EC Comics during the 1950s. Crandall was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2009.

Biography

Early life and career

Reed Crandall was born in Winslow, Indiana,<ref name=lambiek>Template:Cite web</ref> the son of Rayburn Crandall and wife.<ref>Template:Cite journal Full article reprinted at Template:Cite web</ref> Crandall graduated from Newton High School in Newton, Kansas, in 1935,<ref name=cooke65>Template:Cite book</ref> and then attended the Cleveland School of Art in Cleveland, Ohio,<ref name=stiles>Template:Cite web</ref> on a scholarship.<ref>Root, pp. 35, 58.</ref> He graduated in 1939.<ref name=cooke65 /> His father died in the spring of Crandall's freshman year at art school, which Crandall left temporarily to return to Kansas.<ref name=borth66>Interview with art-school classmate and lifelong friend Frank Borth, in Cooke, p. 66</ref> His mother and sister moved to Cleveland during Crandall's junior year.<ref name=borth66 /> With his schoolmate Frank Borth, Crandall found work painting signs on storefront windows.<ref name=borth66 /> Crandall's art influences included the painters and commercial illustrators N.C. Wyeth, Howard Pyle and James Montgomery Flagg.<ref name=stiles />

Another classmate, the son of the president of the Cleveland-based Newspaper Enterprise Association syndicate, recommended Crandall for a job at NEA as a general art assistant, where Crandall drew maps and other supporting material.<ref name=borth67>Borth, in Cooke, p. 67</ref> Following his desire to be a magazine illustrator, Crandall unsuccessfully made the rounds of glossy magazines in New York City and Philadelphia,<ref name=borth67 /> and at some point did a small amount of work for a children's book publisher.<ref name=lambiek /> Moving to New York with his mother and sister, Crandall found work in the fledgling medium of comic books, joining the Eisner and Iger Studio, an early comic book packager that supplied complete, outsourced comics for publishers.<ref name=lambiek />

Quality Comics

File:HitComics18.jpg

Hit Comics #18 (Dec. 1941), featuring Stormy Foster. Cover art by Crandall.

Crandall drew for comic books from 1939 until 1973. His first work appears in comics from publisher Quality Comics, for which he drew stories starring such superheroes as the Ray (in Smash Comics, beginning in 1941 and initially under the playful pseudonym E. Lectron)<ref>Smash Comics #24 (July 1941) at the Grand Comics Database.</ref> and Doll Man (first in Feature Comics in 1941, then in the character's own solo title). His earliest confirmed cover art is for Fiction House's Fight Comics #12 (April 1941) at the Grand Comics Database.<ref>Fight Comics #12 (April 1941) at the Grand Comics Database.</ref> Other early work includes inking the pencil art of future industry legend Jack Kirby on two of the earliest Captain America stories, "The Ageless Orientals That Wouldn't Die", in Captain America Comics #2 (April 1941),<ref>Captain America Comics #2 (April 1941) at the Grand Comics Database.</ref> and "The Queer Case of the Murdering Butterfly and the Ancient Mummies" in #3 (May 1941).<ref>Captain America Comics #3 (May 1941) at the Grand Comics Database.</ref>

With S.M. "Jerry" Iger credited as writer, Crandall co-created the superhero the Firebrand in Quality's Police Comics #1 (Aug. 1941) and began his long run as artist of his signature series, the World War II aviator-team strip "Blackhawk", in Military Comics #12-22 (Oct. 1942 - Sept. 1943) and, after his WWII service in the Army Air Force,<ref name=stiles /> in Blackhawk and in Modern Comics. During this time he also drew the adventures of Captain Triumph in Quality's Crack Comics. His final "Blackhawk" work was a seven-page story, plus the cover, for Blackhawk #67 (Aug. 1953).

EC Comics and afterward

Crandall went on to become a mainstay of EC Comics, whose line of hit horror and science fiction titles would become as influential to future generations of comics creators as they were controversial in their own time due to their often graphic nature and mature themes. Joining a group that included artists Johnny Craig, Jack Davis, Will Elder, Frank Frazetta, Graham Ingels, Jack Kamen, Bernard Krigstein and Wally Wood, Crandall made his debut there with the six-page story "Bloody Sure", written by Al Feldstein, in The Haunt of Fear #20 (August 1953).

He drew dozens of stories across a variety of genres for the EC anthologies Crime SuspenStories, Shock SuspenStories, Tales from the Crypt, Two-Fisted Tales, The Vault of Horror, Extra!, Impact, Piracy, and Weird Fantasy and its sequel series, Weird Science-Fantasy.

Following the demise of EC in the wake of the 1954 U.S. Senate hearings on juvenile delinquency and a wave of anti-comics sentiment,<ref>Hajdu, David. The Ten-Cent Plague: The Great Comic-Book Scare and How It Changed America (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008) Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN</ref> Reed freelanced for Atlas Comics, the 1950s iteration of Marvel Comics, as well as for the Gilberton Company's Classics Illustrated. Crandall's work for Classics Illustrated consisted of joint projects with EC veteran George Evans on four titles: No. 18, The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Fall 1960); No. 23, Oliver Twist (Fall 1961); No. 68, Julius Caesar (1962); No. 168, In Freedom's Cause (completed 1962; published UK 1963; published US 1969).<ref>Jones, William B., Jr., Classics Illustrated: A Cultural History, Second Edition(McFarland, 2011), pp. 320, 321, 326, 334.</ref>

In 1960, he went under contractTemplate:Citation needed with the publisher of Treasure Chest, a comic book distributed exclusively through parochial schools. Crandall illustrated many covers and countless stories for Treasure Chest through 1972. In 1964, he illustrated books by Edgar Rice Burroughs for Canaveral Press.Template:Citation needed The following year, he began contributing to Warren Publishing's black-and-white war-comics magazine Blazing Combat, and soon went on to contribute to the company's line of black-and-white horror publications, including Creepy and Eerie. In the mid-to-late 1960s, he illustrated superhero-espionage stories for Tower Comics,<ref name=bails>Template:Cite web</ref> and space opera science fiction in King Features Syndicate's King Comics comic-book version of the syndicate's long-running hero Flash Gordon.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In June 1970, Crandall and Buster Crabbe were guests at the Multicon-70 convention in Oklahoma City.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Final years

Crandall, who had left New York City in the 1960s in order to care for his ailing mother in Wichita, Kansas, had developed alcoholism.<ref name=stiles/><ref name=borth68>Borth, in Cooke, p. 68</ref> Recovering by the time of his mother's death, he nonetheless suffered debilitated health and left art in 1974 to work as a night watchman and janitor for the Pizza Hut general headquarters in Wichita.<ref name=stiles/> After suffering a stroke that year, he spent his remaining life in a nursing home and died in 1982 of a heart attack.<ref name=stiles/> One of his last published stories, "This Graveyard Is Not Deserted", appeared in Creepy #54 (July 1973).<ref name=stiles/> Creepy #58 contained "Soul and Shadow", possibly his last published comic book work.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Family

Crandall married artist Martha Hamilton, and they had two children.<ref name=borth67 /> Their daughter, artist Cathy Crandall, had three children. Their son, Navy veteran Reed L. "Spike" Crandall (Sept. 8, 1945-July 2, 2005), an artist who owned and operated Crandall's Creations (Clarkesville, Georgia), had a daughter, Samantha Pledger, and three grandchildren.<ref>The Times, Gainesville, Georgia. July 4, 2005.</ref>

Awards and tributes

Crandall was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2009.<ref>Comic-Con.org: 2009 Eisner Award winners Template:Webarchive</ref>

He is referenced in Michael Chabon's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay. The fictional character Joe Kavalier refers to Crandall as the "top" comic-book artist of his era.<ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:Page needed</ref> In 2023, Crandall was posthumously awarded the Inkwell Awards SASRA (Stacey Aragon Special Recognition Award).<ref name=majorspoilers2023>"Major Spoilers - Frazetta and Shores announced as Inkwell Awards’ 2023 Lifetime Achievement</ref><ref name=popculturepodium2023>"Pop Culture Podium - Frazetta & Shores Win Inkwell Lifetime Achievement Award"</ref><ref name=fcn2023>"First Comics News - Inkwell Awards’ 2023 Lifetime Achievement Winners Announced"</ref>

External links

• "Tower Comics Checklist", Comic Book Artist #14 (July 2001)
• "Crandall, Reed", at the Social Security Death Index
• Template:LCAuth