Republican in name only
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In American politics, "Republican in name only" is a pejorative used to describe politicians of the Republican Party deemed insufficiently loyal to the party, or misaligned with the party's ideology. Similar terms have been used since the early 1900s. The acronym RINO became popular in the 1990s, and both the acronym and the full spelling have become commonly used by President Donald Trump and his supporters to refer to his critics within the Republican Party.
Origins
The phrase Republican in name only emerged as a popular political pejorative in the 1920s, 1950s, and 1980s.<ref name="Popik">Template:Cite web</ref>
The earliest known print appearance of the acronym RINO was in 1992 in the Manchester, New Hampshire, newspaper then called The Union Leader.<ref name="wordspy">Template:Cite web</ref> RINO is pronounced like the word "rhino", and can be used to associate disloyal Republicans with the large, thick-skinned animal.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Buttons featuring a red slash through an image of a rhinoceros were spotted in the New Hampshire State House as early as 1992.<ref name="Nashua">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1993, future California Republican Assembly President Celeste Greig distributed buttons featuring a red slash over the word RINO to express opposition to Los Angeles mayor Richard Riordan.<ref name="Popik" /> The term came into widespread usage during subsequent election cycles.
Usage
During Republican primary campaign season, some conservative organizations target Republicans who fail to adopt their stances by referring to them as RINOs. A "RINO Hunters Club" formed by the National Federation of Republican Assemblies has taken political action against those they considered RINOs.<ref name="cannibals">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="thinning">Template:Cite web</ref> The fiscally conservative 501(c)4 organization Club for Growth started the "RINO Watch" list to monitor "Republican office holders around the nation who have advanced egregious anti-growth, anti-freedom or anti-free market policies"; other conservative groups published similar lists.Template:Citation needed
Donald Trump
Donald Trump and his closest supporters have frequently used the term to describe anyone within the Republican Party he deems to be disloyal. During the 2020 presidential election in the United States, Donald Trump used the term to refer to Georgia governor Brian Kemp and Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, due to their refusal to challenge the election results in Georgia during his attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election. He also used the term to refer to Maryland governor Larry Hogan in a tweet,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> as well as House and Senate Republicans who either voted to impeach and convict him during his second impeachment following the January 6 United States Capitol attack or who voted for the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill supported by President Joe Biden. Recently, the term has been used to describe Republican critics of former President Donald Trump, with Trump himself tweeting that Congressional Republicans who recognized Joe Biden as the winner of the 2020 US Presidential election are RINOs. Some Republicans critical of Trump occasionally used the epithet to describe Trump himself, due to his history as a registered Democrat.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
After former Secretary of State Colin Powell died in 2021, Trump described him as a "classic RINO".<ref name="Garrison_10/18/2021">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> After former Vice President Dick Cheney endorsed Democrat Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election, Trump referred him as an "irrelevant RINO".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
After Tom Emmer failed to get the nomination to Speaker of the House, Trump blasted him as a RINO before the press and on Truth Social. Four hours after the failed vote, Emmer withdrew the nomination and lost.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Similar terms
The concept of being an inauthentic member of the Republican Party by not representing its more conservative faction is a recurring theme in party history.
Me-too Republicans
Template:Distinguish In the 1930s and 1940s, the term Me-too Republicans described those running on a platform of agreeing with the Democratic Party, proclaiming only minor or moderating philosophical differences.<ref name="USAToday">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> An example is two-time presidential candidate Thomas E. Dewey, who ran against the popular Franklin D. Roosevelt and his successor Harry Truman. Dewey did not oppose Roosevelt's New Deal programs altogether, but merely campaigned on the promise that Republicans would run them more efficiently and less corruptly.
From 1936 to 1976, the more centrist members of the Republican Party frequently won the national nomination with candidates such as Alf Landon, Wendell Willkie, Thomas E. Dewey, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Gerald Ford. The mainstream of the Republican Party was generally supportive of the New Deal. In the 1950s, conservatives such as Robert A. Taft and Barry Goldwater, who rallied against "me-too Republicans",<ref name="farewell">Template:Cite news</ref> were considered outside of the mainstream; serious consideration was given to leaving the then GOP and forming a new ultra-conservative party in coalition with the "states' rights" Democrats of the South.<ref name="Perlstein">Template:Cite book</ref>
Nixonians and Rockefeller Republicans
In the 1960s and 1970s, Republicans considered liberal on economic issues but hawkish on foreign policy and social issues were sometimes called "Nixonian", or "Rockefeller Republicans".<ref name="Mommy">Template:Cite web</ref>
Gypsy moth Republican
In the 1980s, the term gypsy moth Republican described Republicans from the Northeast and Midwest who voted against the Ronald Reagan administration's proposed cuts in aid to economically distressed people, contrasting with boll weevil Democrats, who voted for these cuts.<ref name="Bangor">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Goddard">Template:Cite web</ref> The gypsy moth is an invasive species destructive to trees in the Northeastern United States.<ref name=Goddard /><ref name="Wisconsin">Template:Cite web</ref>
Cuckservative
In 2015 the term cuckservative, a portmanteau of cuckold and conservative, was popularized on the online forum 4chan, and embraced by both internet trolls and the nativist alt-right.<ref name="NewRepublic" /><ref name="splcenter">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="nytimes" /> The metaphorical "Template:Dfn" is represented in a genre of pornography as a masochistic husband who allows his wife to have sex with a stronger man, thereby participating in his own symbolic emasculation.<ref name="IBTimes">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="NatReviewCorner">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="NewRepublic">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Crackup">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Behind The Racist Hashtag That Is Blowing Up Twitter">Template:Cite web</ref> In white supremacist vernacular, the term is an accusation of yielding to non-white interests on issues such as immigration or modern display of the Confederate flag;<ref name="splcenter" /><ref name="WAPOcuck">Template:Cite news</ref> however, the term gained use (with some controversy)<ref name="NewRepublic" /><ref name="splcenter" /><ref name="nytimes" /> by more mainstream conservatives to denounce Republicans whose compromises included vote trading, rhetorical restraint in deference to donors, cooperation with Democrats on any particular initiative, or attempting to court voters by making appeals to supposedly liberal ideals.<ref name="nytimes">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Guardian">Template:Cite news</ref>
See also
- Democrat in name only
- Libertarian Republican
- Rockefeller Republican
- Progressive conservatism
- Liberal conservatism