Rhythm 0
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Rhythm 0 was a six-hour-long endurance art performance by the Serbian performance artist Marina Abramović performed in the Galleria Studio Morra in Naples in 1974.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> This was the final performance of Abramović's Rhythm Series, following four previous performances that took place throughout 1973–1974.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The work involved Abramović standing still while the audience was invited to do to her whatever they wished, using one of 72 objects she had placed on a table. The items were specifically chosen to represent objects of both pleasure and pain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Some items included a rose, a feather, perfume, honey, bread, grapes, wine, scissors, a scalpel, nails, a metal bar, a gun, and a bullet.<ref name=Abramovic01:00mins>"Marina Abramović on Rhythm 0 (1974)", Marina Abramović Institute, 2014, c. 01:00 mins.</ref><ref>"Marina Abramović. Rhythm 0. 1974", Museum of Modern Art.</ref>
There were no separate stages. Abramović and the visitors stood in the same space, making it clear that the latter were part of the work.<ref>Frazer Ward, No Innocent Bystanders: Performance Art and Audience, University Press of New England, 2012, p. 125.</ref> The purpose of the piece, she said, was to find out how far the public would go: "What is the public about and what are they going to do in this kind of situation?"<ref name=Abramovic00:00mins>Abramović 2014, c. 00:00 mins.</ref>
Performance
Her instructions were: Template:Blockquote Abramović said the work "pushed her body to the limits".<ref name=Abramovic00:00mins/> Visitors were gentle to begin with, offering her a rose or a kiss.<ref name=Abramovic01:00mins/> Art critic Thomas McEvilley, who was present, wrote:
As Abramović described it later: "What I learned was that [...] if you leave it up to the audience, they can kill you [...] I felt really violated: they cut up my clothes, stuck rose thorns in my stomach, one person aimed the gun at my head, and another took it away. It created an aggressive atmosphere. After exactly 6 hours, as planned, I stood up and started walking toward the audience. Everyone ran away, to escape an actual confrontation".<ref>Daneri, 29; and 30</ref><ref>Abramović 2014, c. 01:45 mins.</ref>
In the work, Marina explored the physical and mental limits of her being. She withstood pain, exhaustion, and danger in her exploration of an emotional and spiritual transformation. This performance was inspired by the contradictions of her childhood: both parents were high-ranking officials in the socialist government, while her grandmother, with whom she had lived, was devoutly Serbian Orthodox.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Reception
Template:Expand section Rhythm 0, along with another of Abramović's performances, The Artist Is Present, ranked ninth among the all-time best performance art pieces in a 2013 list by Complex magazine.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite magazine</ref> The magazine discussed the two pieces ability to create a relationship between performer and audience, despite the opposing power dynamics of both pieces. Complex magazine credits Abramović for popularizing performance art to "pop-star standards".<ref name=":0" />
In 2023, The Guardian revisited Abramovic’s work and its continuing relevance today: "As some of the reviews of her RA show revealed, Abramović’s performance art practice still invites scepticism, even disgust—reactions to which she is long accustomed. She told me: 'When I started in the early 70s, everyone said we were crazy. "This is not art, it's nothingTemplate:Double+single. By using the body as her medium, Abramović shows just how close art can get to life. As spectators of her work, we are also implicated in the reality of what people endure. Rhythm 0 is a shattering reminder of the people who live in fear of abuse daily."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Harvard Crimson in a 2023 article notes in regards to the audience's reception of the piece: "One of the main reactions the audience members aimed to elicit was fear, reflecting the power dynamics at play between the artist and the audience. The audience members were aware that there would be no consequences for their actions against Abramović. This lack of consequence contributed to their increased willingness to use the objects in more extreme ways."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
See also
- Endurance art
- The Death of The Artist
- Empathy and Prostitution
- Stanford prison experiment
- Milgram experiment
- Cut Piece 1964