Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon

Field Marshal Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon, PC (1675 – 20 December 1740) was a British army officer and politician. After serving as a junior officer at the Battle of the Boyne during the Williamite War in Ireland and at the Battle of Landen during the Nine Years' War, he commanded a brigade of grenadiers during the storming of Vigo during the War of the Spanish Succession. During this engagement the entire French-Spanish fleet was either captured or destroyed. He also took part in a successful raid on Barcelona three years later. He went on to serve as Commander-in-Chief, Ireland during the 1720s and 1730s.

Military career

Early career

The storming of Vigo during the War of the Spanish Succession

Born the son of Richard Boyle (born circa 1640) and Elizabeth Boyle (née Ponsonby, daughter of Sir John Ponsonby of Bessborough), Boyle was educated at the University of Oxford.<ref name=cruickshanks305>Cruickshanks, p. 305</ref> He started his military career as a volunteer in the service of the Duke of Ormonde at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690 during the Williamite War in Ireland.<ref name=heath52>Heathcote, p. 52</ref> He also fought, being wounded and becoming a prisoner of war, at the Battle of Landen in July 1693 during the Nine Years' War.<ref name=heath52/> He was commissioned as a junior officer in Ormonde's Troop of Horse Guards and cornet in the Army on 16 February 1694 and was promoted to cornet in his regiment and major in the Army in 1697.<ref name=heath52/>

Boyle succeeded his paternal grandfather as 2nd Viscount Shannon of the Peerage of Ireland in 1699.<ref name=bio>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He became colonel of Prince George of Denmark's Regiment of Marines in February 1702 and commanded a brigade of grenadiers during the storming of Vigo in October 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession.<ref name=heath52/> During this engagement the entire French fleet, under the command of the Marquis de Château-Renault, together with the Spanish galleons and transports under Manuel de Velasco, were either been captured or destroyed. For his good conduct at Vigo, Boyle was sent home to present the despatches, which reported on the destruction of the French fleet, to Queen Anne.<ref name=heath52/> She rewarded him with a gratuity of £1,000.<ref name=cruickshanks305/> However, in January 1703 he was accused of being involved in some scandalous activity at St James's Church, Piccadilly.<ref name=cruickshanks305/>

Promoted to brigadier-general in 1704, Boyle took part in a successful raid on Barcelona in 1705; he was again sent home to present the despatches. Queen Anne rewarded him with another gratuity.<ref name=cruickshanks305/> Promoted to major-general in 1708, he became Joint Controller for Clothing the Army that year.<ref name=cruickshanks305/> He also entered the House of Commons in 1708 as Member of Parliament (MP) for Arundel.<ref name=heath52/> His brief membership of the Kit-Cat Club, which met at the Trumpet tavern in London, gave him useful access to ministers and other key influencers including the Earl of Scarborough who had nominated him as a candidate for his seat in Parliament.<ref name=cruickshanks305/> At this time he was said to have had "an openness and frankness in his conversation which are highly engaging".<ref>Budgell, p. 258</ref> In Parliament he supported the Whigs and voted for the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act 1708 which allowed Protestants fleeing from the continent to enter Great Britain.<ref name=cruickshanks306>Cruickshanks, p. 306</ref>

Promoted to lieutenant general in 1709, Boyle became Deputy Governor of Dover Castle later that year and was then given command of a secret but abortive expedition to attack New France in 1710.<ref name=cruickshanks306/> As the Earl of Scarborough was no longer in a position to nominate both members for Arundel, Boyle changed constituency to Hythe for which seat he was nominated by Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, in 1710.<ref name=heath52/> In Parliament, in accordance with Whig party policy, he voted for the impeachment of Henry Sacheverell, a clergyman who had criticised the party, in March 1710.<ref name=cruickshanks306/>

Later career

Ashley House, Ashley Park – image extracted from page 146 of volume 4 of "Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. L.P", drawn by John Preston Neale in 1818.

Boyle became colonel of the Viscount Shannon's Regiment of Foot in January 1715 and changed constituency again to East Grinstead later that year.<ref name=heath52/> He joined the army staff in Ireland in 1716.<ref name=parl>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Boyle became Commander-in-Chief, Ireland in 1720 and retained that command for the rest of his life.<ref name=heath52/> In June 1721 Richard Waring sold the colonelcy of the King's Regiment of Carabineers to Boyle for £7,500.<ref>Barnard, p. 185</ref> Boyle also became a member of the Privy Council of Ireland in 1721 and one of the Lord Justices in Ireland in 1722.<ref name=parl/> Awarded the Freedom of the City of Cork in 1722, he was ousted from his seat in Parliament as a result of a petition but regained his seat again in a by-election later that year.<ref name=cruickshanks306/>

Boyle became colonel of the 4th Troop of Horse Guards in March 1727 and was promoted to general of horse on 18 December 1735.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> He became Governor of Portsmouth in 1737 before being promoted to field marshal on 17 July 1739.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

Boyle died at his home, Ashley Park at Walton-on-Thames, on 20 December 1740,<ref name=heath53>Heathcote, p. 53</ref> and was buried at St Mary's Parish Church in Walton-on-Thames.<ref name=bio/> There is a monument to him in the church.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Family

On 6 June 1704, Boyle married Mary Sackville, illegitimate daughter of Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset and widow of Lionel Boyle, 3rd Earl of Orrery, who died twelve years later, bearing no children.<ref name=bio/> In January 1720, Boyle remarried, this time to Grace Senhouse, daughter of John Senhouse of Netherhall in Cumbria; they had one child, Grace Sackville, Countess of Middlesex.<ref name=bio/>

Sources

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