Richard Schirrmann
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox person Richard Schirrmann (15 May 1874 – 14 December 1961) was a German teacher and founder of the first hostel.
Early life and education
Schirrmann was born in Grunenfeld, Province of Prussia (now Gronówko, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship). His father, August Schirrmann was a teacher.<ref name=Ahnherr>Template:Cite web</ref>
Career
Richard Schirrmann became a teacher in 1895 after passing his teacher's examination in Karalene, near Insterburg, and was used as a teacher in the Kirchschule Königshöhe in Lötzen, then in Schrombehnen in Pr. Eylau. He took every opportunity to hold outdoors lessons. In 1903, he was transferred to Nette-Schule in Altena, Province of Westphalia where he met Wilhelm Münker, who later became his partner.<ref name=Ahnherr/>
In August 1909, after a stormy school camping trip, Schirrmann proposed the idea of affordable youth travel gaining significant support and opened a makeshift hostel for hikers in his school.<ref name=vater/>
On 1 June 1912, in Altena Castle, he opened the first official hostel now used as museum.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
World War I
During the World War I, Schirrmann served in a regiment holding a position on the Bernhardstein, one of the Vosges Mountains – separated from the French troops by a narrow No man's land, which he described as "strewn with shattered trees, the ground ploughed up by shellfire, a wilderness of earth, tree-roots and tattered uniforms".
Schirrmann described a Western Front Christmas Truce in December 1915:
"When the Christmas bells sounded in the villages of the Vosges behind the lines... something fantastically unmilitary occurred. German and French troops spontaneously made peace and ceased hostilities; they visited each other through disused trench tunnels, and exchanged wine, cognac, and cigarettes for Westphalian black bread, biscuits, and ham. This suited them so well that they remained good friends even after Christmas was over."<ref name=hero>Template:Cite book</ref>
Military discipline was soon restored, but Schirrmann pondered over the incident wondering whether "thoughtful young people of all countries could be provided with suitable meeting places where they could get to know each other". The war made him an even stronger proponent of hostels believing that hostels would be "bridges of peace" to foster international understanding.<ref name=vater/>
Post War
In 1919, he founded German Youth Hostel Association.<ref name=hero/> In 1922, he retired from teaching to focus entirely on hostels.
In 1925, he founded the children's village "Staumühle" on a former military training ground near Paderborn. Until 1931, every year during the summer months, he organized a school camp.<ref name=vater>Template:Cite news</ref>
From 1933 to 1936, he served as President of the International Youth Hostelling Association (now Hostelling International), until the Government of Nazi Germany forced him to resign while the hostels were put under control of the Hitler Youth.<ref name=vater/> After World War II, he played a key role in rebuilding the German association, and was recognized the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesverdienstkreuz) in 1952.<ref name=vater/>
In 1946, he was flown to the International Youth Hostel Conference in Scotland by an American friend on a private plane, making him the first German civilian to enter British territory after World War II.<ref name=vater/>
Beginning in 1937, he lived in Grävenwiesbach, Taunus where he died in 1961.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Personal life
Schirrmann married Gertrud in 1903. They had one daughter but Gertrud did not support Richard's plan and they divorced in 1929. He then married Elisabeth, who shared his passions. By 1942, she gave birth to 6 children.<ref name=vater/>