Richmond, London
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox UK place
Richmond is a town in southwest London,<ref group="nb">The London Government Act 1963 (c.33) (as amended) categorises the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames as an Outer London borough. Although it is on both sides of the River Thames, the Boundary Commission for England defines it as being in South London or the South Thames sub-region, pairing it with Kingston upon Thames for the purposes of devising constituencies. However, for the purposes of the London Plan, Richmond now lies within the West London region.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=southb>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=london_plan_amend_09>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Convert west-southwest of Charing Cross. It stands on the River Thames, and features many parks and open spaces, including Richmond Park, and many protected conservation areas,<ref name="Conservation Areas">Template:Cite news</ref> which include much of Richmond Hill.<ref name="Area 5">Template:Cite web</ref> A specific Act of Parliament protects the scenic view of the River Thames from Richmond.<ref name="View">Template:Cite web</ref>
Richmond was founded following King Henry VII's building in the early 16th century of Richmond Palace (so named in 1501), from which the town derives its name. (The palace's manor itself took its name from King Henry's earldom of Richmond, North Yorkshire, the original Richmond.) The town and palace became particularly associated with Queen Elizabeth I (Template:Reign), who spent her last days there. During the 18th century, Richmond Bridge connected the two banks of the Thames, and many Georgian terraces were built, particularly around Richmond Green and on Richmond Hill. Those that have survived remain well preserved, and many have been designated listed buildings on account of their architectural or historic significance. The opening of Richmond railway station in 1846 was a significant event in the absorption of the town into a rapidly expanding London.
In 1890, the town of Richmond, formerly part of the ancient parish of Kingston upon Thames in the county of Surrey, became a municipal borough, which was later extended to include Kew, Ham, Petersham and part of Mortlake (North Sheen).<ref name=vob_borough/> The municipal borough was abolished in 1965, when local-government reorganisation transferred Richmond from Surrey to Greater London.<ref name=metro>Template:Cite book </ref>
Since 1965, Richmond has formed part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Template:As of it had a population of 21,469 (in the North Richmond and South Richmond wards). It has a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed day and evening economy. The name "Richmond upon Thames" refers to the London borough as a whole, not to the town of Richmond.
History
Name
The area was known in the medieval period as Shene,<ref name="Hallam Smith">Template:Cite AV media</ref> a name first recorded (as Sceon) in the 10th century, and which survives in the neighbouring districts of East Sheen (also known as Sheen) and North Sheen. The manor entered royal hands, and the manor house eventually became known as Sheen Palace, before being largely destroyed by fire in 1497. Henry VII rebuilt it and in 1501 named it Richmond Palace, in allusion to his earldom of Richmond and his ancestral honour of Richmond in Yorkshire. The associated settlement took the same name, although for some years the two names were often used in conjunction (for example, "Shene otherwise called Richemount").<ref name="EB 545a">"Richmond", in Encyclopædia Britannica, (9th edition, 1881), s.v.</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Royal residence
Henry I lived briefly in the King's house in "Sheanes".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1299, Edward I, the "Hammer of the Scots", took his whole court to the manor house at Sheen, a little east of the bridge and on the riverside, and it thus became a royal residence; William Wallace was executed in London in 1305, and it was in Sheen that the Commissioners from Scotland went down on their knees before Edward.
Edward II, following his defeat by the Scots at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, founded a monastery for Carmelites at Sheen. When the boy-king Edward III came to the throne in 1327, he gave the manor to his mother Isabella. Edward later spent over £2,000 on improvements, but in the middle of the work, Edward himself died at the manor, in 1377. Richard II was the first English king to make Sheen his main residence, which he did in 1383. Twelve years later, Richard was so distraught at the death of his wife Anne of Bohemia at the age of 28 that, according to Raphael Holinshed, the 16th-century English chronicler, he "caused it [the manor] to be thrown down and defaced; whereas the former kings of this land, being wearie of the citie, used customarily thither to resort as to a place of pleasure, and serving highly to their recreation".<ref name="HolinsedRichardII">Template:Cite book</ref> It was rebuilt between 1414 and 1422, but destroyed by fire in 1497.<ref name="Goringe">Template:Cite web</ref>
Following that fire, Henry VII built a new residence at Sheen, and in 1501 he named it Richmond Palace.<ref name="Palace notes"/> The theatre company to which Shakespeare belonged performed some plays there during the reign of Elizabeth I.<ref name="Palace notes">Template:Cite web</ref> As Queen, Elizabeth spent much of her time at Richmond, as she enjoyed hunting stags in the "Newe Parke of Richmonde" (now Old Deer Park). She died at the palace on 24 March 1603.<ref name="Black">Template:Cite book</ref> The palace was no longer in residential use after 1649 but, in 1688, James II ordered its partial reconstruction, this time as a royal nursery. The bulk of the palace had decayed by 1779, but surviving structures include the Wardrobe, Trumpeters' House (built around 1700), and the Gate House, built in 1501. The Gate House has five bedrooms and was made available on a 65-year lease by the Crown Estate Commissioners in 1986.
18th- and 19th-century development
Beyond the grounds of the old palace, Richmond remained mostly agricultural land until the 18th century. White Lodge, in the middle of what is now Richmond Park, was built as a hunting lodge for George II, and during this period the number of large houses in their own grounds – such as Asgill House and Pembroke Lodge – increased significantly. These were followed by the building of further important houses, including Downe House, Wick House and The Wick on Richmond Hill, as this area became an increasingly fashionable place in which to live. Richmond Bridge was completed in 1777 to replace a ferry crossing that connected Richmond town centre on the east bank with its neighbouring district of East Twickenham. Today, this bridge, together with the well-preserved Georgian terraces that surround Richmond Green and line Richmond Hill to its crest, now has listed building status.<ref name="Register">Template:Cite web</ref>
As Richmond continued to prosper and expand during the 19th century, much luxurious housing was built on the streets that line Richmond Hill, as well as shops in the town centre to serve the increasing population. In July 1892, the Corporation formed a joint-stock company, the Richmond (Surrey) Electric Light and Power Company, and this wired the town for electricity by around 1896.
World Wars
Template:Main Like many other large towns in Britain, Richmond lost many young people who fought in the First and Second World Wars. They are commemorated at the Richmond War Memorial, which now commemorates both wars and was installed in 1921 at the end of Whittaker Avenue, between the Old Town Hall and the Riverside.<ref name=Memorial>Template:NHLE</ref> In the Second World War, 96 people were killed in air raids, which also resulted in the demolition of 297 houses.<ref name="At War">Template:Cite book</ref>
Governance
Current
The town of Richmond is in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, which is governed by Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council. The most recent election was in May 2022 when the Liberal Democrats retained control of the council;<ref name="Blunden">Template:Cite news</ref> in a January 2024 by-election the Liberal Democrats gained the Conservatives' only Council seat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Richmond town is divided into two wards – North Richmond, which has three Liberal Democrat councillors, and South Richmond, with two Liberal Democrat councillors and one from the Green Party.
Richmond town forms part of the Richmond Park constituency for the UK Parliament. The MP, since 2019, is Sarah Olney from the Liberal Democrats.<ref name="Olney">Template:Cite web</ref> Richmond is also part of the South West constituency for the London Assembly, which has been represented by Gareth Roberts from the Liberal Democrats since 2024.
Historical
Richmond, earlier known as Shene, was part of the large ancient parish of Kingston upon Thames in the Kingston hundred of Surrey. Split off from Kingston upon Thames from an early time, the parish of Richmond St Mary Magdalene formed the Municipal Borough of Richmond from 1890.<ref name=vob_parish>Template:Cite web</ref> The municipal borough was expanded in 1892 by the addition of Kew, Petersham and the North Sheen part of Mortlake;<ref name=vob_borough>Template:Cite vob</ref> in 1933, Ham was added to the borough.<ref name=vob_borough/> In 1965, the parish and municipal borough were abolished by the London Government Act 1963, which transferred Richmond to Greater London. Together with the former Municipal Borough of Twickenham and the former Municipal Borough of Barnes, it formed a new borough, the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.<ref name="LGA">Template:Cite web</ref>
Geography
Richmond sits opposite East Twickenham on what is technically the south bank of the River Thames but, because of the bends of the river, the town is immediately north and north-east of its nearest stretch of river. The Thames curves around the town, and then Kew, in its course; starting from Petersham, it returns to a more direct west–east direction. The river is still tidal at Richmond, so, to allow major passenger and goods traffic to continue to operate during low tide, a half-tide lock was opened in 1894 and is used when the adjacent weir is in position. This weir ensures that there is always a minimum depth of water of Template:Convert toward the middle of the river between Richmond and Teddington, whatever the state of the tide. At the lock and weir there is a footbridge across the river.
Richmond is well endowed with green and open spaces accessible to the public. At the heart of the town sits Richmond Green, which is roughly square in shape and together with the Little Green, a smaller green space stretching from its south-east corner, is Template:Convert in area. The Green is surrounded by well-used metalled roads that provide a fair amount of vehicle parking for both residents and visitors. The south corner leads into the main shopping area of the town; at the west corner is the old gatehouse which leads through to other remaining buildings of the palace; at the north corner is pedestrian access to Old Deer Park (plus vehicle access for municipal use). The park is a Template:Convert Crown Estate landscape extending from the town along the riverside as far as the boundary with the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This contains wide green lawns and sports facilities, and the Grade I listed former King's Observatory erected for George III in 1769. The town's main shopping street, George Street, is also named after the king.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name = "Streets">Template:Cite book</ref>
The town centre lies just below Template:Convert above sea level. South of the town centre, rising from Richmond Bridge to an elevation of Template:Convert, is Richmond Hill. Just beyond the summit of Richmond Hill is Richmond Park, an area of Template:Convert of wild heath and woodland originally enclosed for hunting, and now forming London's largest royal park.<ref name="Map">Template:Cite web</ref> The park is a national nature reserve,<ref name=NNRRichmondPark>Template:Cite web</ref> a Site of Special Scientific Interest<ref name="SSSI">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and a Special Area of Conservation<ref name="RichmondParkJNCC">Template:Cite web</ref> and is included, at Grade I, on Historic England's Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.<ref name="Park list">Template:NHLE</ref> It was created by Charles I in 1634<ref name= ParkGateway>Template:Cite web</ref> as a deer park and now has 630 red and fallow deer<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> that roam freely through much of the park. The park has a number of traffic and pedestrian gates leading to the surrounding areas of Sheen, Roehampton, Putney, Kingston and Ham.
Nearest places
- Barnes
- Brentford
- East Sheen
- Ham
- Hampton
- Hounslow
- Isleworth
- Kew
- Kingston
- Mortlake
- Petersham
- Roehampton
- St Margarets
- Strawberry Hill
- Teddington
- Twickenham
- Whitton
Economy
The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, with Richmond North and Richmond South as two of its wards, has the least poverty in London.<ref name=DWP>Department for Work and Pensions Template:Webarchive 2001 Census statistics. Retrieved 25 September 2011.</ref> The town of Richmond has the largest commercial centre in the borough and is classified as a major centre according to the London Plan. It is an established up-market shopping destination.<ref name="Business">Template:Cite web</ref> Its compact centre has approximately 50,000 m2 of retail floor-space that is largely focused on George Street, The Quadrant and Hill Street. It comprises almost exclusively high street chains, the largest of which are Marks & Spencer, Boots, Tesco Metro and Waitrose. The remaining town centre stores are largely single units.
Mostly independent businesses line the narrow alleyways running off George Street towards Richmond Green and up Richmond Hill, and there is a farmers' market in Heron Square on Saturdays. Richmond has one large stand-alone supermarket, Sainsbury's, with parking for 420 cars, to the east of the town near North Sheen railway station.
There are shops, restaurants and cafes on the crest of Richmond Hill lining Friars Stile Road, as well as along Kew Road towards the Botanic Gardens, and on Sheen Road.
Richmond also offers a wide variety of office accommodation and is the UK/European headquarters of several multi-national companies, including eBay, PayPal and The Securitas Group, as well as the head offices of a number of national, regional and local businesses. London's Evening Standard has described Richmond as "the beating heart of London's growing technology industry".<ref name="ES">Template:Cite news</ref>
Places of interest
Richmond Riverside
The Thames is a major contributor to the interest that Richmond inspires in many people. It has an extensive frontage around Richmond Bridge, containing many bars and restaurants. Richmond Riverside owes much of its neo-Georgian style to the architect Quinlan Terry, who was commissioned to restore the area (1984–87). Within the river itself at this point are the leafy Corporation Island and the two small Flowerpot Islands. The Thames-side walkway provides access to residences, pubs (including the White Cross) and terraces, and various greens, lanes and footpaths through Richmond. The stretch of the Thames below Richmond Hill is known as Horse Reach and includes Glover's Island.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> There are towpaths and tracks along both sides of the river, and they are much used by pedestrians, joggers and cyclists. Westminster Passenger Services Association boats, licensed by London River Services, sail daily between Kew and Hampton Court Palace, calling at Richmond in each direction.
Richmond Green
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Richmond Green has been described as "one of the most beautiful urban greens surviving anywhere in England".<ref name="Cherry and Pevsner">Template:Cite book</ref> It is roughly square in shape, and its open grassland, framed with broadleaf trees, extends to roughly Template:Convert. On summer weekends and public holidays the Green attracts many residents and visitors. It has a long history of hosting sporting events; from the 16th century onwards tournaments and archery contests took place on the Green, and there have been cricket matches since the mid-18th century,<ref name="Richmond Green">Template:Cite web</ref> continuing to the present day. Until recently, the first recorded inter-county cricket match was believed to have been played on Richmond Green in 1730 between Surrey and Middlesex. It is now known, however, that an earlier match between Kent and Surrey took place in Dartford in 1709.<ref>CricketArchive</ref>
To the west of the Green is Old Palace Lane, running gently down to the river. One of the oldest roads in Richmond, it was originally a route from the river, where goods were loaded and unloaded by crane, to the "tradesmen's entrance" to Richmond Palace.<ref name="Robinson and Fowler">Template:Cite book</ref> Adjoining to the left is the renowned terrace of well-preserved three-storey houses known as Maids of Honour Row. These were built in 1724 for the maids of honour (trusted royal wardrobe servants) of Queen Caroline, the queen consort of George II. As a child, the Victorian explorer Richard Burton lived at No. 2.<ref name="Burton">Template:Cite web</ref>
Today the northern, western and southern sides of the Green are residential while the eastern side, linking with George Street, is largely retail and commercial. Public buildings line the eastern side of the Little Green and pubs and cafés cluster in the corner by Paved Court and Golden Court – two of a number of alleys that lead from the Green to the main commercial thoroughfare of George Street. These alleys are lined with mostly privately owned boutiques.
Richmond Hill
The view from the top westward to Windsor has long been famous, inspiring paintings by masters such as J. M. W. Turner and Sir Joshua Reynolds<ref name="View"/> and also poetry.<ref name="View"/> One particularly grand description of the view can be found in Sir Walter Scott's novel The Heart of Midlothian (1818). It is a common misconception that the folk song "Lass of Richmond Hill" relates to this hill, but the young woman in the song lived in Hill House at Richmond in the Yorkshire Dales.<ref name="I'Anson">Template:Cite web</ref>
Apart from the great rugby stadium at Twickenham and the aircraft landing and taking off from Heathrow, the scene has changed little in two hundred years. The view from Richmond Hill now forms part of the Thames Landscape Strategy which aims to protect and enhance this section of the river corridor into London.<ref name="Thames Landscape Strategy">Template:Cite web</ref>
A broad, gravelled walk runs along the crest of the hill and is set back off the road, lined with benches, allowing pedestrians an uninterrupted view across the Thames valley with visitors' information boards describing points of interest. Sloping down to the River Thames are the Terrace Gardens that were laid out in the 1880s and were extended to the river some 40 years later.<ref name=NHLEBuccleuch>Template:NHLE</ref>
A commanding feature on the hill is the former Royal Star and Garter Home; in 2013 it was sold for development and converted into residential apartments.<ref name="Sale">Template:Cite news</ref> During the First World War an old hotel on this site, the Star and Garter, which had been a popular place of entertainment in the 18th and 19th centuries but had closed in 1906, was taken over and used as a military hospital.<ref name="Lost">Template:Cite web</ref> in the early 1920s it was replaced by a new building providing accommodation and nursing facilities for 180 seriously injured servicemen. This was sold in 2013 after the charitable trust running the home concluded that the building no longer met modern requirements and could not be easily or economically upgraded. The trust opened an additional home in Solihull, West Midlands, and the remaining residents in Richmond moved in 2013 to a new purpose-built building in Surbiton.<ref name="Move">Template:Cite news</ref>
Richmond Park
At the top of Richmond Hill, opposite the former Royal Star and Garter Home, sits the Richmond Gate entrance to Richmond Park. The park is a national nature reserve,<ref name=NNR>Template:Cite web</ref> a Special Area of Conservation (SAC),<ref name="JNCC">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Management Plan 16-29">Template:Cite web</ref> and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name= "SSSI"/> The largest of London's Royal Parks,<ref name="TRP">Template:Cite web</ref> it was created by Charles I in 1634 as a deer park and now has over 600 red and fallow deer. Richmond Gate remains open to traffic between dawn and dusk.
King Henry's Mound, a Grade II listed<ref name="Mound listing">Template:NHLE</ref> Neolithic burial barrow,<ref name="Myths">Template:Cite journal</ref> is the highest point within the park. From the mound there is a protected view, established in 1710, of St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London over Template:Convert to the east. At various times the mound's name has been connected with Henry VIII or with his father Henry VII.<ref name="Myths"/> However, there is no evidence to support the legend that Henry VIII stood on the mound to watch for the sign from St Paul's that Anne Boleyn had been executed at the Tower and that he was then free to marry Jane Seymour.<ref name="Myths"/>
King Henry's Mound is in the grounds of Pembroke Lodge, which is Grade II listed.<ref name="PB Listing">Template:National Heritage List for England</ref> In 1847 this house became the home of the then Prime Minister, Lord John Russell,<ref name="Fletcher Jones">Template:Cite book</ref> who conducted much government business there and entertained Queen Victoria, foreign royalty, aristocrats, writers (Dickens, Thackeray, Longfellow, Tennyson) and other notable people of the time, including Giuseppe Garibaldi. It was later the childhood home of Lord John Russell's grandson, the philosopher, mathematician and social critic Bertrand Russell.<ref name="Autobiography">Template:Cite book</ref> It is now a popular restaurant with views across the Thames Valley.
Built as a hunting lodge for George II by the architect Roger Morris, White Lodge was completed in 1730. Its many famous residents have included members of the Royal Family. The future king Edward VIII was born at White Lodge in 1894;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York (the future George VI) and the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother) lived there in the 1920s. The Royal Ballet School (formerly Sadler's Wells Ballet) has been based since 1955<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> at the lodge, where younger ballet students continue to be trained.
Also in the park and Grade II listed is Thatched House Lodge, which is still a royal residence. Since 1963 it has been the home of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. General Dwight D Eisenhower, who later became President of the United States, lived there during the Second World War.<ref name="Weinreb">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
Museums and galleries
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Template:Main The Museum of Richmond, in Richmond's Old Town Hall, close to Richmond Bridge, has displays relating to the history of Richmond, Ham, Petersham and Kew. Its rotating exhibitions,<ref name="Museum gems">Template:Cite news</ref> education activities and a programme of events cover the whole of the modern borough. The museum's highlights include 16th-century glass from Richmond Palace and a painting, The Terrace and View from Richmond Hill, Surrey by Dutch draughtsman and painter Leonard Knyff (1650–1722), which is part of the Richmond upon Thames Borough Art Collection.<ref name="Art UK Knyff">Template:Cite web</ref> Admission to the museum is free.<ref name="Visit">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Riverside Gallery, also at the Old Town Hall, features temporary exhibitions by local artists including paintings, prints and photographs. Admission is free.
Theatres and cinemas
Richmond has two theatres. Richmond Theatre on Little Green is a Grade II* listed late Victorian structure designed by Frank Matcham<ref name="NHLEMatcham">Template:National Heritage List for England</ref> and restored and extended by Carl Toms in 1990. The theatre has a weekly schedule of plays and musicals, usually given by professional touring companies, and pre-West End shows can sometimes be seen. There is a Christmas and New Year pantomime tradition and many of Britain's greatest music hall and pantomime performers have appeared here.
Close to Richmond railway station is the Orange Tree Theatre which was founded in 1971 in a room above the Orange Tree pub.<ref name="Richmond's Theatres">Template:Cite web</ref> As audience numbers increased, there was pressure to find a more accommodating space and, in 1991, the company moved to its current premises within a converted primary school.<ref name="Richmond's Theatres"/> The 172-seat theatre was built specifically as a theatre-in-the-round. Exclusively presenting its own productions, it has acquired a national reputation for the quality of its work for staging new plays, and for discovering undeservedly forgotten old plays and neglected classics.<ref name="Orange Tree">Template:Cite web</ref>
The town has two cinemas, the arthouse Curzon in Water Lane and an Odeon cinema with a total of seven screens in two locations, the foyer of one having the accolade of being the only high street building visible from Richmond Bridge, and the second set being situated nearby in Red Lion Street. The Odeon on Hill Street, built in 1930, is in Art Deco style and is Grade II listed.<ref name="Odeon listing">Template:NHLE</ref>
Historic public houses
There are numerous public houses and bars throughout Richmond's town centre, and along the river and up the hill, with enough variety to cater to most tastes. One of the oldest is The Cricketers, serving beer since 1770, though the original building was burned down in 1844. It was soon replaced by the present building. Samuel Whitbread, founder of Whitbread Brewery, part-owned it with the Collins family who had a brewery in Water Lane, close to the old palace.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Grade II listed pubs include the White Cross,<ref name=EH_01>Template:NHLE</ref> the Old Ship<ref name=EH_02>Template:NHLE</ref> and the Britannia.<ref name=EH_03>Template:NHLE</ref>
Restaurants and cafes
Many of the major restaurant chains can be found within 500 metres of Richmond Bridge. There are also plenty of privately owned restaurants with culinary offerings from around the world, including French, German, Indian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish and Thai.
The Bingham Riverhouse hotel<ref>Bingham Riverhouse</ref> was awarded its first Michelin star in 2010.<ref name="Michelin">Template:Cite web</ref> Overlooking the Thames, it is in a Grade II listed building dating from about 1760.<ref name="Bingham listing">Template:National Heritage List for England</ref>
Societies
The Richmond Local History Society explores the local history of Richmond, Kew, Petersham and Ham.<ref name="RLHS charity"/> It organises a programme of talks on history topics<ref name="Jazz">Template:Cite news</ref> and visits to buildings of historical interest.<ref name="Hebert">Template:Cite news</ref> The Society publishes a newsletter three times a year, an indexed journal (Richmond History) and other publications.<ref name="Richmond History">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Richmond Society is a civic society and conservation group which was founded in 1957 by a group of local residents, originally to fight against the proposal to install modern lamp posts around Richmond Green. It acts as a pressure group concerned with preserving Richmond's natural and built environment, monitoring and influencing development proposals and presenting annual awards<ref name="yearly awards">Template:Cite news</ref> for buildings and other schemes which make a positive contribution to Richmond. It also organises meetings on topics of local interest and a programme of guided walks and visits, and publishes a quarterly newsletter.<ref name="Newsletter"/><ref name="RichSoc">Template:Cite web</ref> The Society's patrons are: Anita Anand; Professor Ian Bruce; John, Lord Lee of Trafford; Sir Trevor McDonald; Ronny, Baroness van Dedem; and Lord Watson of Richmond.<ref name="Richmond Society">Template:Cite news</ref>
Leisure activities
With a third of the borough being green and open space, Richmond has much to offer in the way of leisure activities.
Boating
Skiffs (fixed seat boats) can be hired by the hour from local boat builders close to the bridge, with opportunities to row upstream towards the historic properties Ham House and Marble Hill House. Richmond Canoe Club,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> founded in 1944 and now one of Britain's biggest canoe clubs,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> is also on the towpath south of Richmond Bridge.
Cycling
Richmond is part of the London Cycle Network, offering on and off-road cycle paths throughout the area, including along the Thames towpath and in Richmond Park.<ref name="Cycling">Template:Cite web</ref>
Equestrian activities
Richmond Park also has bridle paths, and horses can be rented from a number of stables around the perimeter of the park.
Ham Polo Club is on the Petersham Road at the bottom of Richmond Hill. The club was established in 1926 and is now the only polo club in London; it is popular with picnickers during the summer months.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Field sports
Old Deer Park provides open recreation areas, football, rugby and other pitches, and has a leisure centre, Pools on the Park. The leisure centre is run by the borough council, and has 33m indoor and outdoor pools and a fitness centre.
The park also includes the Royal Mid-Surrey Golf Club<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> with both golf and pitch and putt courses, and the Richmond Athletic Ground, home to Richmond F.C. and London Scottish rugby clubs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
An additional sports ground at Old Deer Park is home to both the Richmond Cricket Club and the London Welsh rugby union club, as well as tennis courts and a bowling green.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Prince's Head Cricket Club holds fixtures on Richmond Green throughout the summer.<ref name="Plummer">Template:Cite web</ref>
Richmond Hockey Club, a founder member of England Hockey, was established in 1874 and was based from then until 2001 at Old Deer Park. It now plays at the University of Westminster Sports Grounds in Chiswick and competes in the Men's England Hockey League and the London Hockey League.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Running
5K Parkrun events take place every Saturday morning at Old Deer Park<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Richmond Park.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Education
Demography and housing
| Ward | Detached | Semi-detached | Terraced | Flats and apartments |
Caravans/temporary/ mobile homes/houseboats |
Shared between households<ref name=ons>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:London ward populations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Richmond | 142 | 1,093 | 1,546 | 1,963 | 0 | 27 |
| South Richmond | 384 | 653 | 1,092 | 2,995 | 0 | 44 |
| Ward | Population | Households | % Owned outright | % Owned with a loan | Area (hectares)<ref name=ons/> |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Richmond | 10,649 | 5,168 | 26 | 30 | 272 |
| South Richmond | 10,820 | 4,047 | 28 | 24 | 266 |
German residents
The town and the borough of Richmond have been popular destinations for German expatriates and German British since at least the 19th century. Richmond resident Sir Max Waechter, a German-born businessman and advocate of a federal Europe, donated Glover's Island to the local council in 1900. The German School London opened in nearby Petersham in 1971, continuing the popularity of Richmond for German families settling in London.<ref>Moore, Fiona (2012). "The German School in London, UK: Fostering the Next Generation of National Cosmopolitans?" (Chapter 4) in Coles, Anne and Fechter, Anne-Meike (editors). Gender and Family Among Transnational Professionals (Routledge International Studies of Women and Place). Routledge. Template:ISBN; Template:ISBN</ref>
Transport
According to the 2011 census, thirty per cent of Richmond households do not have a car or van. This figure is well above the borough average of 24%, which may be related to the excellent transport links in the area and the lower proportion of families as reported in the 2001 census. A half of households have one car, in line with the borough average.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Rail
- Richmond station
- London Underground (District line) towards Kew Gardens and Upminster
- London Overground (Mildmay line) towards Kew Gardens, Willesden Junction and Stratford
- Waterloo to Reading line and three branch line services call at the station en route to Windsor and Weybridge. One service calls at Richmond station on its return to the central London terminus via Kingston upon Thames.
- North Sheen station
- South Western Railway services on the Waterloo to Reading line
Buses
Richmond is served by a number of Transport for London bus routes.<ref name="Bayley">Template:Cite web</ref>
Roads
Richmond's main arterial road, the A316, running between Chiswick and the M3 motorway, bisects Old Deer Park and the town to its north. The town's only dual carriageway, it was built in the 1930s, cutting off Richmond from Kew and entailing the construction of Twickenham Bridge. This road expands into three lanes and motorway status three and five miles west respectively.
The town centre is on the A307, which used to be the main link between London and north-west Surrey, and was previously one of the main routes of the Portsmouth Road before that was diverted; and on the A305, which runs from East Sheen and over Richmond Bridge to Twickenham.
Nearest hospitals
- Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton is a community hospital in Roehampton in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is run by St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
The nearest acute hospitals, both of which include accident and emergency departments and maternity units, are:
- Kingston Hospital in Kingston upon Thames, which is managed by the Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
- West Middlesex Hospital in Isleworth, which is operated by the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Places of worship
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Almshouses
Richmond has nine groups of almshouses and a tenth is scheduled to open later in 2025.<ref name="LBRUT Doughty"/> Six are of historical interest and some were founded in the 16th century. They are all managed by The Richmond Charities, which also manages Candler Almshouses and Wright's Almshouses in Twickenham, Christchurch Road Almshouses in East Sheen and Colston's Almshouses and Juxon's Almshouses in Mortlake.
| Name | Location | Number of almshouses |
History | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bishop Duppa's Almshouses | The Vineyard | 10 | The original almshouses were founded in 1661 (on Richmond Hill) by Brian Duppa, Bishop of Winchester. They were rebuilt in 1851 on the present site and are Grade II listed. | File:Richmond, Bishop Duppa's Almhouses.jpg |
| Church Estate Almshouses | Sheen Road | 10 | Most of the buildings, designed by William Crawford Stow and now Grade II listed, date from 1843 but the charity that built them is known to have existed in Queen Elizabeth I's time and may have much earlier origins. | File:The Church Estate Almshouses, Sheen Road, Richmond- architectural detail (geograph 2316683).jpg |
| Hickey's Almshouses | Between Sheen Road and St Mary's Grove | 50 | William Hickey, who died in 1727, left the income of several properties on Richmond Hill in trust to provide pensions for six men and ten women. In 1822 the charity's funds were boosted by a major donation from Elizabeth Doughty. Twenty almshouses, designed by Lewis Vulliamy, and a chapel and two gate lodge cottages, were built in 1834 and are Grade II* listed. The property, which includes another 29 buildings behind the almshouses, now consists of 49 flats and cottages, a laundry and a workshop. | File:Almshouses, East Sheen - geograph.org.uk - 1227748.jpg |
| Houblon's Almshouses | Worple Way | 11 | Now Grade II* listed, these were founded in 1757 by Rebecca and Susanna Houblon (who built nine almshouses). A further two almshouses were added in 1857. | File:HoublonsAlmshouses.jpg |
| Michel's Almshouses | The Vineyard | 17 | These were founded in the 17th century by Humphrey Michel. The original ten almshouses, built in 1696, were rebuilt in 1811. Another six almshouses were added in 1858. They are Grade II listed. | File:Richmond, Michel's Almshouses.jpg |
| Queen Elizabeth's Almshouses | The Vineyard | 4 | These were founded by Sir George Wright in 1600 (during Elizabeth I's reign) to house eight poor aged women. Known originally as the "Lower almshouses", they were built in Petersham Road, a few hundred yards south of what is now Bridge Street. By 1767, they were almost derelict. In 1767, William Turner rebuilt the almshouses on land at the top end of his estate in The Vineyard. Funds for the rebuilding were raised by public subscription. The almshouses were rebuilt again in 1857. They were damaged during the Second World War and replaced with four newly built houses in 1955. | File:Richmond, Queen Elizabeth's Almshouses.jpg |
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A seventh set of almshouses, Benn's Walk (now with five almshouses), was built in 1983.<ref name="Benn">Template:Cite web</ref>
An eighth set of almshouses is 10–18 Manning Place (with nine almshouses), just off Queen's Road. The property was built in 1993 and was purchased by The Richmond Charities in 2017.<ref name="Manning Place">Template:Cite web</ref>
A ninth set of almshouses, Elizabeth Twining Almshouses (with five almshouses) in Mitre Mews, was opened by Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester in April 2025.<ref name="Gloucester">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name= "Facey">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Twining">Template:Cite web</ref>
A further set of almshouses, the Elizabeth Doughty Almshouses (with 12 flats), will open on Queen's Road later in 2025.<ref name="LBRUT Doughty">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Headlines">Template:Cite web</ref>
Local newspapers
The Richmond and Twickenham Times has been published since 1873.<ref name="History">Template:Cite news</ref> The Twickenham & Richmond Tribune, a weekly online newspaper, has been published since 2016.<ref name="Tribune">Template:Cite news</ref>
Notable residents
For centuries, Richmond was home to the country's royal family. It also has a long list of famous residents, both past and present.
Film locations
Richmond is a popular filming location. The village green, divided into The Green and Little Green, has Georgian splendour, stately listed buildings and paved alleyways leading to the high street. It is a magnet for film crews, particularly when recreating a city square or row of townhouses of bygone years. In 2011, The Crimson Petal and the White was filmed there,<ref name="Film Richmond 2010">Template:Cite journal</ref> as was Downton Abbey in July 2014.<ref name="Film Nov 2014">Template:Cite journal</ref> Many other films and TV shows have featured The Green or Little Green, including Agatha Christie's Poirot,<ref name="Location">Template:Cite web</ref> Simon Schama's Power of Art and Peter Rabbit 2.<ref name="Krause">Template:Cite news</ref>
The Apple TV+ sports comedy television series Ted Lasso is set in Richmond. Several filming sequences take place on The Green,<ref name="Lasso">Template:Cite AV media</ref> Ted Lasso and other characters in the series are shown drinking at the Prince's Head pub (rebranded as The Crown and Anchor)<ref name="People"/><ref name="Fradgley">Template:Cite news</ref> and Ted lives in number 9½ Paved Court (actually No. 11A).<ref name="People">Template:Cite web</ref>
Richmond Theatre ranks as a major film location; it has featured in The Naked Truth (1957),<ref name= Wilkinson>Template:Cite web</ref> Bugsy Malone (1976), The Krays (1990), Evita (1996), Bedazzled (2000), The Hours (2002), Finding Neverland (2004)<ref name="Neverland">Template:Cite web</ref> and The Wolfman (2010).<ref name="2008 Film">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Richmond Park
Richmond Park has featured in many films and TV series.
- A locomotive runs through the park and crashes into a tree in the film The Titfield Thunderbolt (1955).<ref name="Screen"/>
- As Chas Devlin in the 1968 film Performance, James Fox crosses Richmond Park in a Rolls-Royce car.<ref name="Screen"/><ref name="GrayFilm"/>
- The park was the backdrop for the classic historical film Anne of the Thousand Days (1969),<ref name="GrayFilm">Template:Cite web</ref> with Richard Burton and Geneviève Bujold, which looks back to Richmond Park in the 16th century. The film tells the story of King Henry VIII's courtship of Anne Boleyn and their brief marriage.
- An Indian dust storm was filmed in the park for the film Heat and Dust (1983).<ref name="GrayFilm"/><ref name="Screen">Template:Cite book</ref>
- The Royal Ballet School in Richmond Park featured in the film Billy Elliot (2000).<ref name="Screen"/><ref name="Lydall">Template:Cite news</ref>
- In 2010, director Guy Ritchie filmed parts of Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011) in the park with Robert Downey Jr. and Jude Law.<ref name="Holmes">Template:Cite news</ref>
- Some of the scenes from Into the Woods (2014), the Disney fantasy film featuring Meryl Streep,<ref name="Vincent">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref> were filmed in the park.<ref name="Meryl Streep">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Magical">Template:Cite news</ref>
As well as a location for films, Richmond Park is regularly featured in television programmes, corporate videos and fashion shoots. It has made an appearance on Blue Peter, Inside Out (the BBC regional current affairs programme) and BBC Springwatch.<ref name="GrayFilm"/> In 2014 it was featured in a video commissioned by The Hearsum Collection<ref name="Hearsum video">Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref> and in 2017 in a television film featuring and narrated by David Attenborough, which was produced by the Friends of Richmond Park.<ref name="Rutter">Template:Cite news</ref>
See also
- List of people in Richmond town and Richmond Park
- Richmond Park
- Richmond Green
- Richmond Palace
- Richmond Bridge, London
- Museum of Richmond
- Old Deer Park
- Old Deer Park cricket ground
- Royal Star and Garter Home, Richmond
- London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
- Richmond Hill, London
Notes
References
Further reading
- Cloake, John (1990). Richmond's Great Monastery: The Charterhouse of Jesus of Bethlehem of Shene. London: Richmond Local History Society. Template:ISBN.
- Cloake, John (1991). Richmond Past: A Visual History of Richmond, Kew, Petersham and Ham. London: Historical Publications. Template:ISBN. Recounts the history of the Richmond area – including Kew, Petersham and Ham – from 1501 and is illustrated with drawings, paintings and photographs.
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- Cloake, John (1995). The Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew, vol. I: The Palaces of Shene and Richmond. Chichester: Phillimore & Co Ltd. Template:ISBN. Template:OCLC.
- Cloake, John (1996). The Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew, vol. II: Richmond Lodge and the Kew Palaces. Chichester: Phillimore & Co Ltd. Template:ISBN. Template:OCLC. OL 8627654M.
- Cloake, John (2001). Cottages and Common Fields of Richmond and Kew. Chichester: Phillimore & Co Ltd. Template:ISBN.
- Cloake, John (2001). Richmond Palace: Its History and Its Plan. London: Richmond Local History Society. Template:ISBN.
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External links
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