Riverside International Raceway
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Multiple issues Template:Use American English Template:Infobox motorsport venue
Riverside International Raceway (sometimes known as Riverside, RIR, or Riverside Raceway) was a motorsports race track and road course established in the Edgemont area of Riverside County, California, just east of the city limits of Riverside and Template:Cvt east of Los Angeles, in 1957. In 1984, the raceway became part of the newly incorporated city of Moreno Valley. Riverside was noted for its hot, dusty environment, which was a dangerous challenge for drivers. It was also considered one of the finest tracks in the United States.<ref name="track types-history">Template:Cite web</ref> The track was in operation from September 22, 1957, to July 2, 1989, with the last race, The Budweiser 400,<ref name="last race Riverside">Template:Cite web</ref> won by Rusty Wallace,<ref name="R.Wallace Stats">Template:Cite web</ref> held in 1988. After that final race, a shortened version of the circuit was kept open for car clubs and special events until 1989.<ref name="rir closing cite">Template:Cite web</ref>
History
The racetrack was originally called The Riverside International Motor Raceway, and it was built in early 1957 by a company called West Coast Automotive Testing Corp. The head of West Coast Auto Testing was a retired race driver named Rudy Cleye, from Los Angeles, who had previously raced in Europe. However, the building of the raceway was met with funding difficulties early on and businessman John Edgar provided a much needed cash investment. This late investment prevented any halt in the track's construction.<ref name="latimes article-rir-history">Template:Cite news</ref>
During the first weekend of scheduled races in September 1957, a California Sports Car Club event, John Lawrence of Pasadena, California, died. Lawrence, a former Cal Club member, piloting a 1500 cc Production champion, went off between Turns 5 and 6 . With no crash barrier in place, and no rollbar on the car, Lawrence's MGA went up the sand embankment, then rolled back onto the track. Though Lawrence survived the incident, and appeared only slightly injured, he died later at the hospital of a brain injury.<ref name="Brain injury cite">Template:Cite web</ref>
The second major event at the track, in November 1957, was a sports car race featuring some of the top drivers of the day, including Carroll Shelby, Masten Gregory and Ken Miles. Another driver entered was an inexperienced local youngster named Dan Gurney, who had been offered the opportunity to drive a powerful but ill-handling 4.9-liter Ferrari after better-known drivers such as Shelby and Miles had rejected it. Shelby led early but spun and fell back. Gurney assumed the lead and led for much of the event. Shelby, driving furiously to catch up, finally overtook Gurney late in the race and won. Gurney's performance caught the eye of North American Ferrari importer Luigi Chinetti, who arranged for Gurney to drive a factory-supported Ferrari at Le Mans in 1958, effectively launching the Californian's European career.<ref name='riverside_racingcircuits'>Template:Cite web</ref>
Footage exists of classic races like the 1986 Los Angeles Times Grand Prix in which the Chevy Corvette of Doc Bundy, attempting a three-wide pass going into turn 1, hit the Ford Probe of Lyn St. James and the Jaguar of Chip Robinson. St. James' car caught fire and Robinson nearly cartwheeled into the crowd. St. James survived the flames and Robinson escaped uninjured within the track bounds.<ref name="3rd parag. cite">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Riverside Raceway GTP Crash</ref>
The track was known as a relatively dangerous course, with its long, downhill back straightaway and brake-destroying, relatively slow 180-degree Turn 9 at the end. During the 1965 Motor Trend 500 NASCAR race, IndyCar great A. J. Foyt suffered a brake failure at the end of the straight, shot off the road and went end-over-end through the infield at high speed. Crash crews assumed Foyt was dead at the scene, until fellow driver Parnelli Jones noticed a twitch of movement. Ford factory sports car driver Ken Miles was killed there in a testing accident in August 1966 when his Ford sports car prototype (known as the J-car) became aerodynamically unstable and flew out of control at the end of the back straight. In December 1968, American Formula 5000 champion Dr. Lou Sell crashed and overturned in Turn 9 on the first lap of the Rex Mays 300 Indianapolis-style race, suffering near-fatal burns. In January 1967, Canadian driver Billy Foster crashed at Turn 9 during a practice-session just prior to the start of qualifying for the Motor Trend 500 NASCAR race, his head striking the wall and causing fatal injuries. These accidents and others caused track management to reconfigure Turn 9, giving the turn a dogleg approach and a much wider radius (a water improvement also closed the raceway for a few months).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In January 1964, Riverside also claimed the life of 1962–'63 NASCAR champion Joe Weatherly, who refused to wear a shoulder harness and wore his lap belt loosely. Weatherly died when he lost control entering Turn 6, hitting the steel barrier almost broadside and had his head snapped out the window against the barrier.
Nevertheless, in 1983 Turn 9 was the site of the only fatality in IMSA GTP history. In the 1983 Times Grand Prix, Rolf Stommelen's Joest-constructed Porsche 935 lost its rear wing at the Dogleg and hit two freeway-type barriers sending it into a horrific roll at Turn 9.<ref name="gtplanet.net">Template:Cite web</ref>
Of the entire road course races run at RIR, there was one that was run in a counter-clockwise direction, sometime around 1960. In 1966 Dan Gurney tested his first Eagle racing car on a shorter, counter-clockwise version of the track tailored specifically for his car's Indianapolis-specific left-turn oiling system. The test caused Gurney to ask track president Les Richter to hold an Indianapolis-style race there. From 1967 to 1969 the Rex Mays 300 served as the season-ending USAC Indianapolis-car race.<ref name="cite">Template:Cite web</ref>
ESPN was live for the June 12, 1988, Budweiser 400 race at RIR and caught racer Ruben Garcia crashing hard off turn 9 and his car went through a tire/guardrail barrier and then went through the fence, destroying a cement barrier before coming to rest near a fence where the fans were sitting on the 32nd lap. He and the fans were unharmed, but the race was red flagged for 25 minutes to repair the wall by adding 2 Jersey barriers.
After 14 years of NASCAR as a driver and later a car owner, Richard Childress won his first NASCAR race in 1983, when Ricky Rudd drove his #3 Piedmont Airlines Chevrolet to victory in the 1983 Budweiser 400k.
From 1981 until 1987, NASCAR's championship race was at Riverside. The USAC Championship Trail also held their season ending race from 1967 to 1969. Riverside was also home to track announcer Sandy Reed and (along with former LA Rams player Les Richter) Roy Hord Jr. Both NASCAR team owners Roger Penske and Rick Hendrick drove a select few races at Riverside in their own cars, with Penske winning a Winston West race in 1963, while in the final NASCAR race in 1988, Hendrick got out of the car and let Elliott Forbes-Robinson take over.
The Winston Western 500 came to be known as the signature event at the track. Initially (1963-1981) this race was held in January as the season opener, but beginning in 1982 NASCAR elected to start the season with the Daytona 500. From 1981 to 1987 the Winston Western 500 was held in November as the final race of the season. Until 2020, when Darlington, Charlotte and Daytona each hosted 3 races, 1981 was the only year in NASCAR history that one track held 3 Cup Series events in a single season (Riverside being the season opener, the season's halfway point, and the season finale). Riverside was the season finale in 1981 because Ontario Motor Speedway closed after their season ended in 1980.
Riverside also hosted drag racing events. Between 1961 and 1969, the Hot Rod Magazine Championship Drag Races, "one of the most significant drag racing events" of that era, were held at RIR.<ref>Taylor, Thom. Untitled item in Hot Rod Magazine, February 2017, p. 11.</ref> The championship offered a US$37,000 prize, greater even than a NHRA national event prize at the time.<ref>Taylor, p. 11.</ref>
Carroll Shelby and Skip Barber had racing schools at Riverside to teach students on how to drive around the racetrack and show them the preferred line on how to enter and exit a corner. Barber was the last racing school to be at Riverside when it was closed in 1989.
The Four Courses of Riverside
The track could accommodate several configurations, depending on the series and race length. Generally, the three options were the long course (Template:Convert), the short course (Template:Convert), and the NASCAR (Template:Convert) course. The fourth track configuration was a drag racing strip. Over the decades, various other configurations were used for off-road, Cal-Club and motorcycle events.<ref name="various layouts">Template:Cite web</ref> Track crews created the configurations by placing traffic pylons to close off sections of the track.
From 1957 to 1968, the racetrack's long course had a Template:Convert backstretch. Brake failure when approaching Turn 9 caused several accidents, and in 1969, when a water problem required a redesign, Turn 9 was given a wider radius, banking, and a dogleg approach to reduce strain on brakes. The long course was used primarily for the Los Angeles Times Grand Prix and, in the mid-1980s, for Indy car racing.
The short course used Turn 7A rather than 8, which shortened the back straight to just over one-half mile in length.
The NHRA drag strip ran south to north on the backstretch from the runoff to the Bosch Bridge (not shown in diagram), which crossed over the track about halfway between turns 8 & 9.
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Riverside International Raceway with & without dogleg.
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Riverside International Raceway after the 1969 redesign of the track.
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Riverside International Raceway aerial view in 1985
Movies and television
Due to its proximity to the Southern California entertainment industry, RIR was a frequent filming location for racing for Hollywood movies, television series and commercials.
Scenes from the television shows The Rockford Files, CHiPs, Knight Rider and Simon and Simon were shot on location at RIR.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Other shows filmed at RIR include The F.B.I., Quincy, M.E., The Fall Guy, Hardcastle & McCormick and the HBO program Super Dave Osborne.Template:Citation needed The television movie adaptation of Gemini Man, Riding With Death (1976), featured as an experiment on the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000, also contains footage of racing at Riverside.<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Template:UsurpedTemplate:Cbignore: Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
RIR was extensively featured in the 1961 telefilm "The Quick and the Dead", an episode of the series Route 66. The episode stars Martin Milner and George Maharis, and guest stars Frank Overton, Harvey Korman, Regis Toomey and Betsy Jones-Moreland. Milner races a 1960 powder-blue Chevrolet Corvette in the film.
A 1963 Plymouth-sponsored film called Return to Riverside was shot at RIR from November 26–29, 1962. The film highlighted various road tests between 1963 Plymouth, Chevrolet, and Ford passenger cars. It featured race car drivers Leroy Neumayer, Clem Proctor and Roger McCluskey. The film was hosted by Sid Collins, the radio voice of the Indianapolis 500.
Film shoots at RIR included scenes from: Good Guys Wear Black (1978) The Betsy (1978), Fireball 500 (1966), Grand Prix (1966), The Killers (1964), The Love Bug (1968), On the Beach (1959), Roadracers (1959), Speedway (1968), Stacey (1973), Thunder Alley (1967) and Winning (1969).<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Use in gaming
The track was used in Sierra Entertainment's NASCAR Legends (1999) and NASCAR Heat (2000), and was later converted to NASCAR 4 (2001), NASCAR Racing 2002 Season (2002), 2003 (2003), rFactor (2005), Assetto Corsa (2013), and rFactor 2 (2013).
Riverside has also been featured in Indianapolis 500: Evolution (2009) for the Xbox 360 and can be downloaded into rFactor with all three options.
Closure and transformation into a shopping mall
RIR was managed by former Los Angeles Rams player Les Richter, who sold the property to real estate developer Fritz Duda in 1971 after American Raceways Inc. (which also owned Texas World Speedway, Atlanta International Raceway, Michigan International Speedway and Trenton Speedway) declared bankruptcy. Duda had once been a turn announcer for NASCAR's broadcasting arm Motor Racing Network plus the raceway's radio network (along with Ralph Lawler) and many felt racing would long be a part of the Riverside landscape.
During this time, Riverside County and the newly incorporated Moreno Valley area had a growth spurt; new residents started enclosing in on the raceway and became hostile about the raceway's noise levels but, furthermore, the land the raceway was on was becoming more and more valuable such that the track was almost unable to survive. However, with protests from both residents and environmentalists, Riverside's continued existence was impossible. (During this time, track president Dan Greenwood, who succeeded Richter in 1983, was trying to search for Riverside's replacement in nearby Perris and Corona.)
1988 was the final year of professional racing for Riverside. On June 12, 1988, NASCAR held its final Winston Cup race at RIR; the 1988 Budweiser 400 was won by Rusty Wallace (a caution flag, later red flag, was out for Ruben Garcia when he came off Turn 9 and lost control of his car and hit a wall, barely missing the grandstands, on lap 29). SCORE International held its last race on August 14, 1988.<ref>End of the road: Off-Road World Championships are Riverside International Raceway’s last show - Pat Ray, Los Angeles Times, 14 August 1988</ref> In 1989, the track was modified from turn 7 to near the dogleg after a section of the backstretch and turn 7A near the Bosh Bridge was severed for Towngate Blvd. and Eucalyptus Ave. The modified track, Riverside Regional Raceway, continued to be used for club events. After 31 years of racing, Riverside closed on July 2, 1989, with the final Cal-Club event (which, ironically, ended the way it started with the death of racer Mark Verbofsky on July 1, 1989).
Duda (along with Homart Development Company) turned the "House that Dan Gurney built" (which had him quoting in an episode in SpeedWeek "I'm glad to see it gone"<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGlOEOl-30E History of Riverside Raceway, ESPN SpeedWeek 1988</ref>) into a shopping mall which opened in 1992. The Moreno Valley Mall at Towngate is on the northern end of the former raceway property and homes now occupy what was the southern end of the racetrack. In a 1994 aerial view of RIR, the remains of Riverside's Turn 9, the original backstretch, the 1969 aligned backstretch from the kink to the entrance to Turn 9, part of the pit entrance and front stretch wall were still visible along with the Administration Building. However, today nothing is left of RIR except for memorabilia from the racetrack. The old Administration Building remained until 2005, when it was torn down to make way for a complex of townhouses.
Numerous streets in the neighborhood to the east of the Moreno Valley Mall off Frederick Street are named after racers that raced at Riverside, such as Yarborough Drive, Gurney Place, Donohue Court, Surtees Court, Brabham Street, Andretti Street and Penske Street.
When Riverside closed in 1989, it followed in the footsteps of Ontario Motor Speedway (in nearby Ontario), which closed in 1980, and was followed by Ascot Park in Gardena in 1991. In the 1990s, two new circuits opened: Auto Club Speedway in nearby Fontana in 1997, and Toyota Speedway at Irwindale (now the Irwindale Event Center) in 1999. Auto Club closed in February 2023 and Irwindale closed in December 2024. Both tracks, like Riverside, were used for filming.
In 2003, the remainder of the old Riverside International Raceway was torn up. The sign that was at State Route 60 and Day Street was removed to make way for both a Lowe's warehouse and a new pair of on/off ramps and Turn 9 of the old track is now home to houses.
In 2003, plans were announced to build a Template:Convert road course with a similar design to the famed Riverside layout in Merced, California. The track would have been known as the Riverside Motorsports Park, but the project was abandoned in 2009.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref>
Coachella Valley
In 2023, an IndyCar Series test was held in the Coachella Valley area of Riverside County at The Thermal Club, a country club style private circuit in Thermal, California Template:Convert southeast of the former circuit. At the end of the 2023 season, the $1 Million Challenge was announced to be held in March 2024, marking a return to major circuit racing in Riverside County. The race was elevated to full championship status in 2025.
Events
- AMA Superbike Championship (1976–1977, 1982–1984)
- Can-Am
- Los Angeles Times Grand Prix (1966–1973)
- Championship Auto Racing Teams
- Budweiser 500K (1981–1983)
- Formula Atlantic (1983–1986, 1988)
- Formula One
- United States Grand Prix (1960)
- IMSA GT Championship
- Los Angeles Times Grand Prix (1975, 1979–1987)
- International Race of Champions (1973–1979, 1988)
- NASCAR Southwest Series (1986–1988)
- NASCAR Winston Cup
- Budweiser 400 (1963, 1970–1988)
- Winston Western 500 (1958, 1961, 1963–1987)
- NASCAR Winston West Series (1964–1972, 1974–1988)
- SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship (1969–1976)
- SCCA National Championship Runoffs (1964, 1966, 1968)
- SCCA National Sports Car Championship
- Los Angeles Times Grand Prix (1957)
- Trans-Am Series (1966–1972, 1980, 1983–1984, 1986)
- United States Road Racing Championship (1964–1968)
- USAC Championship Car Series
- Rex Mays 300 (1967–1969)
- USAC Road Racing Championship
- Los Angeles Times Grand Prix (1958–1962)
- World Sportscar Championship (1981)
Race lap records
The fastest official all-time track record set during a race weekend is 1:10.050, set by Elliot Forbes-Robinson in a Nissan GTP ZX-T during qualifying for the 1987 Los Angeles Times Grand Prix.<ref name='riverside_1987_imsa_500'>Template:Cite web</ref> The fastest official race lap records at Riverside International Raceway for different classes are listed as:
Fatalities at Riverside
From September 21, 1957, to July 2, 1989, 21 people died (19 drivers, 1 spectator and 1 pit crew member) in the track's 31-year history: Template:Div col
- John Lawrence (Sept. 21, 1957)
- Pedro van Dory (April 3, 1960)
- Bruce Johnston (Aug. 21, 1961)
- Pete Hessler (March 11, 1962)
- Pat Pigott (Oct. 14, 1962)
- Stuart Dane (Feb. 2, 1963)
- Joe Weatherly (Jan. 19, 1964)
- George Koehne Jr. (Oct. 11, 1964)
- Jim Ladd (Nov. 15, 1964)
- Ronald Pickle (spectator) (Jan. 17, 1965)
- Ken Miles (Aug. 17, 1966)
- Billy Foster (Jan. 20, 1967)
- Vic Tandy (Jan. 27, 1968)
- Mel Andrus (April 25, 1971)
- Bill Spencer (Jan. 18, 1975)
- Lynwood "Sonny" Easley and Douglas Grunst (pit crewman) (Jan. 15, 1978)
- Tim Williamson (Jan. 12, 1980)
- Rolf Stommelen (April 24, 1983)
- John Goss (Oct. 17, 1983)
- Mark Verbofsky (July 1, 1989)
See also
References
Further reading
- Riverside Raceway, Palace Of Speed by Dick Wallen
- Riverside International Raceway by Pete Lyons
- Motorsport Memorial entry on Rolf Stommelen (2005), motorsportmemorial.org. Retrieved February 1, 2005.
- Motorsport Memorial entry on Billy Foster (1966), motorsportmemorial.org
- Articles about Riverside Int'l Raceway: Template:Usurped
External links
- Riverside International Automotive Museum (Now Closed)
- Template:Usurped
- Riverside International Raceway's Picture Pages from Frank Sheffield, a former RIR corner worker
- NASCAR track history
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- Pages with broken file links
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- 1957 establishments in California
- 1989 disestablishments in California
- Defunct companies based in Greater Los Angeles
- Champ Car circuits
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- International Race of Champions tracks
- NASCAR races at Riverside International Raceway
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