Robert Angus Smith

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Robert Angus Smith FRS (15 February 1817 – 12 May 1884), commonly referred to as Angus Smith,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> was a Scottish chemist, who investigated numerous environmental issues. He is known for his research on air pollution in 1852, in the course of which he discovered what came to be known as acid rain. He is sometimes referred to as the 'Father of Acid Rain'.<ref name=natureobituary>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=geras>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=odnb>Hamlin, C. (2004) "Smith, (Robert) Angus (1817–1884)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 10 August 2007 {{#invoke:CS1 identifiers|main|_template=doi}} (subscription required)</ref>

Education and early life

File:Robert Angus Smith blue plaque .jpg
A Royal Society of Chemistry Blue plaque commemorating Smith in Grosvenor Square Manchester, the site of Smith's laboratory

Born at Pollokshaws, Glasgow, Smith was educated at the University of Glasgow in preparation for ministry in the Church of Scotland but left before graduating. He worked as a personal tutor and, accompanying a family to Gießen in 1839, he stayed on in Germany to study chemistry supervised by Justus von Liebig, earning a PhD in 1841.<ref name=odnb/>

Career and research

On returning to England the same year, he again considered Holy Orders but instead was attracted to Manchester to join the chemical laboratory of Lyon Playfair at the Royal Manchester Institution. Here he became involved in some of the environmental issues of the world's first industrial city (see History of Manchester). Playfair left for greener pastures in 1845 and Smith worked at making a living as an independent analytical chemist. After some initial alarming experiences, Smith refused to take on expert witness work which was a staple of consulting scientists of the day and which he saw as corrupt. Consequently, when the Alkali Inspectorate was established by the Alkali Act 1863, Smith's integrity made him the natural candidate. As Queen Victoria's Inspector of Alkali Works, he was the prototype of the scientific civil servant.<ref name=geras /> He held the post until his death.<ref name=odnb /> He is buried in the graveyard of St Paul's Church on Kersal Moor, Salford<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Retrieved on 10 June 2008</ref>

In 1872 Smith published the book Air and Rain: The Beginnings of a Chemical Climatology, which presents his studies of the chemistry of atmospheric precipitation.<ref name=odnb /> These studies include the discovery, in 1852, of acid rain in northern British cities, a consequence of the burning of coal rich in sulfur.<ref name=geras /> He was conferred with Honorary Membership of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1884.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After his death his collection of about 4,000 books was acquired by the library of Owens College, Manchester. They are now in the John Rylands University Library, the successor of the college library.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Spiritualism

Smith with his friend William Crookes, attended a séance on 21 April 1870 in London. He sent Crookes 15 letters on spiritualism between April 1869 and 1871.<ref>Brock, William Hodson. (2008). William Crookes (1832–1919) and the Commercialization of Science. Science, technology, and Culture, 1700–1945. Ashgate Publishing. p. 124. Template:ISBN</ref> Smith did not choose to write widely about spiritualism as he believed it might damage his scientific reputation. He was a member of the Society for Psychical Research from 1882 to 1884. After he died, 89 books on the occult were discovered in his library.<ref>Reed, Peter. (2014). Acid Rain and the Rise of the Environmental Chemist in Nineteenth-Century Britain: The Life and Work of Robert Angus Smith (Science, Technology and Culture, 1700–1945). Routledge. p. 18. Template:ISBN</ref>

Awards and honours

Smith was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1857.<ref name=natureobituary/> He was elected to membership of The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society on 29 January 1845,<ref>{ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/74442#page/41/mode/1up </ref> becoming Secretary of the Society1852–57 and President Society 1864–66

Publications

References

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Bibliography

  • Reed, Peter. Acid rain and the rise of the environmental chemist in nineteenth-century Britain: the life and work of Robert Angus Smith (Routledge, 2016).

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