Robert Brownrigg
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General Sir Robert Brownrigg, 1st Baronet, GCB (8 February 1758 – 27 April 1833) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. He brought the last part of Sri Lanka under British rule.
Early career
Brownrigg was an Anglo-Irishman, he was commissioned as an ensign in 1775.<ref name=odnb>Template:Cite ODNB</ref> After service with the 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot, he was appointed Military Secretary to the Duke of York in 1795, and accompanied him to The Helder in Holland in 1799.<ref name=odnb/> In 1803 he was appointed Quartermaster-General to the Forces.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> In 1805 he was made Colonel of the 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment.
Walcheren campaign
July 1809, he joined the expedition to the Schelt.<ref name=odnb/> Brownrigg served as chief-of-staff to the commander Lord Chatham during the aborted operation to seize Antwerp that stalled on Walcheren island. On Chatham's instructions he drew up a memorandum assessing the situation for a council of war at which it was decided to abandon the attempt against Antwerp.<ref>Reiter p.157-58</ref>
Governor of Ceylon
He left his post as Quartermaster-General to the Forces in 1811, and then, in 1813, he was appointed Governor of Ceylon.<ref name=odnb/> In 1815, he acquired the Kingdom of Kandy through an agreement with the help of defecting ministers of the Kandyan King, in the central region of the island, and annexed it to the British crown. The treaty was historically known as "Kandyan Convention".<ref name=odnb/> In recognition of his achievement, Brownrigg was created a baronet in 1816.<ref name=odnb/>
Brownrigg fought the Great Rebellion of 1817–18 and managed to defeat that, aided by reinforcements from India, by enacting martial law.<ref name=odnb/> He strengthened his power in the Kandyan Kingdom by issuing a special announcement on 21 November 1818, which contains 56 statements, curtailing the power of aristocrats.
He attained the rank of full General in 1819 and left Ceylon the following year.<ref name=odnb/>
The gilded bronze ancient Statue of Tara was reputedly found on the eastern coast of Sri Lanka. It was acquired by Brownrigg, who later donated it to the British Museum when he was living near Monmouth in 1830.<ref name=bm>figure, Collection Online, British Museum, retrieved 9 December 2013</ref> This account however is rejected by the authorities in Sri Lanka who believe that Brownrigg took the statue from the last King of Kandy when the British annexed Kandy.<ref name=greenfield>Template:Cite book</ref>
Brownrigg died near Monmouth in 1833.<ref name=odnb/>
Family
In 1789, Brownrigg married Elizabeth Catharine Lewis and together they went on to have six sons and a daughter.<ref name=odnb/> Then in 1810 he married Sophia Bissett.<ref name=odnb/> He had one more child at the age of 69. Template:Clarify
Legacy
In 2011, President Mahinda Rajapaksa of Sri Lanka initiated, at the country's Parliament, a formal revocation of Robert Brownrigg's Gazette Notification - under which participants of the Great Rebellion of 1817–18 had been condemned as "traitors" and their properties confiscated. Brownrigg's Gazette Notification was declared null and void, and all those he branded as "traitors" were declared to be National Heroes of Sri Lanka. A National Declaration was awarded on their behalf to their descendants on Republic Day of Sri Lanka, 22 May.
Arms
References
Sources
- Reiter, Jacqueline. The Late Lord: The Life of John Pitt–2nd Earl of Chatham. Casemate Publishers, 2017.
- Template:Cite DNB
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Template:British Governor of Ceylon Template:General Officer Commanding, Ceylon Template:Authority control
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- 1758 births
- 1833 deaths
- Royal Norfolk Regiment officers
- British Army generals
- British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
- Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
- Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
- Governors of British Ceylon
- People of the Kingdom of Kandy
- General Officers Commanding, Ceylon
- 19th-century British military personnel
- Irish soldiers in the British Army
- Military personnel from County Wicklow