Robert Grant Aitken

Robert Grant Aitken (December 31, 1864 – October 29, 1951) was an American astronomer.<ref name="Daintith, Biog Sci"/>

Early life and education

Robert Grant Aitken was born in Jackson, California, to Scottish immigrant Robert Aitken and Wilhelmina Depinau, the daughter of German immigrants.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Aitken attended Williams College in Massachusetts and graduated with an undergraduate degree in 1887.

Career

From 1887–1891, he worked as a mathematics instructor at Livermore, California, then received his M.A. from Williams College in 1892. He became a professor of mathematics at the College of the Pacific, another liberal arts school.<ref name=pasp64_376_5/> He was offered an assistant astronomer position at Lick Observatory in California in 1895.<ref name="Daintith, Biog Sci" />

He began a systematically study of double stars, measuring their positions and calculating their orbits around one another. From 1899, in collaboration with W. J. Hussey, he methodically created a very large catalog of such stars. This ongoing work was published in Lick Observatory bulletins.<ref name=pasp64_376_5/> In 1905, Hussey left and Aitken pressed on with the survey alone, and by 1915, he had discovered roughly 3,100 new binary stars, in addition to the 1,300 discovered by Hussey. The results were published in 1932 and entitled New General Catalogue of Double Stars Within 120° of the North Pole,<ref name="Daintith, Biog Sci"/> with the orbit information enabling astronomers to calculate stellar mass statistics for a large number of stars. For his work in cataloguing binary stars,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> he was awarded the prestigious Bruce Medal in 1926.<ref name=pasp64_376_5/>

During his career, Aitken measured positions and computed orbits for comets and natural satellites of planets. In 1908 he joined an eclipse expedition to Flint Island in the central Pacific Ocean. His book Binary Stars was published in 1918, with a second edition published in 1935.<ref name=pasp64_376_5/>

After joining the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in 1894, Aitken was elected to serve as president in 1899 and 1915 of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. From 1898 to 1942, Aitken was an editor of the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. In 1932, he delivered the Darwin Lecture before the Royal Astronomical Society, where he was an associate member. From 1918 to 1928, he was chair of the double star committee for the International Astronomical Union.<ref name=pasp64_376_5/>

Personal life

Aitken was partly deaf and used a hearing aid. He married Jessie Thomas around 1888; they had three sons and one daughter. Jessie died in 1943.<ref name=pasp64_376_5/> Their son Robert Thomas Aitken was an anthropologist who studied Pacific island cultures. Their grandson, Robert Baker Aitken, was a widely known Zen Buddhist teacher and author. Their granddaughter Marjorie J. Vold was a noted chemist specializing in colloids.

Honors

Awards and Honors

• Lalande Prize of the French Academy (1906, with William Hussey)
• Elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1918)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Elected member of the American Philosophical Society (1919)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• Bruce Medal (1926)
• Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1932)
• Rittenhouse Medal (1934)
• Honorary Sc.D. from College of the Pacific, Williams College, University of Arizona, and an honorary LL.D. from the University of California

Named after him

• Minor planet 3070 Aitken
• Lunar crater Aitken, part of the very large South Pole-Aitken basin
• Aitken supercomputer at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

External links

• Bruce Medal page
• Awarding of Bruce Medal
• Awarding of RAS gold medal
• Biographical Memoir (1958) by Van Den Bos at the National academy of Sciences
• Double Star Observer, Cataloguer, Statistician, and Observatory Director
• Additional Photos from the Emilio Segre Visual Archive, American Institute of Physics
• Portrait of Robert G. Aitken from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections
• Digital version of The Binary Stars published by Dover in 1964

Obituaries

• IrAJ 2 (1952) 27 (one paragraph)
• JO 35 (1952) 25 (in French)
• JRASC 46 (1952) 28
• MNRAS 112 (1952) 271
• PASP 64 (1952) 5