Roger Norrington

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Sir Roger Arthur Carver Norrington<ref name="MGG" /> (16 March 1934 – 18 July 2025) was an English conductor, best known for historically informed performances of baroque, classical, and romantic music, which often entailed minimal use of vibrato and applying historically informed principles to modern orchestras.

He was the musical director at the Kent Opera, the London Classical Players, Bournemouth Sinfonietta and Orchestra of St. Luke's. From the 1990s he was the principal conductor of the Camerata Salzburg and Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, where he developed the "Stuttgart Sound". He was a guest conductor for major orchestras and an advisor to musical societies.

Life and career

Norrington was born in Oxford on 16 March 1934, the son of Edith Joyce (née Carver) and Arthur Norrington,<ref name="Telegraph" /> who later became president of Trinity College, Oxford.<ref name="Munzinger">Template:Cite web</ref> His younger brother was Humphrey Thomas Norrington.<ref name="Kozinn 2025" /> During World War II, the family was evacuated to Canada.<ref name="Telegraph" /> Returning when he was age 10, he took violin lessons,<ref name="Munzinger" /> and acted in school productions at Dragon School and Westminster School.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name="Munzinger" /> He then served in the army in Bournemouth as an RAF fighter controller.<ref name="Telegraph" />

Norrington studied history and literature at Clare College, Cambridge from 1954 to 1957, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts. He sang in the Clare College Choir,<ref name="MGG" /> and studied music simultaneously: violin with Beryl Ireland and voice with Roy Henderson.<ref name="Munzinger" /> He then worked for Oxford University Press publishing religious books.<ref name="Telegraph" /> He also played as an amateur violinist in an orchestra and in chamber music ensembles, and sang tenor in choirs;<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name="RCM">Template:Cite web</ref> he gained opera experience by performing and conducting with the Chelsea Opera Group.<ref name="MGG">Template:Cite web</ref>

Schütz Choir

Norrington discovered the music of Heinrich Schütz in the early 1960s, and founded the Schütz Choir (later the Schütz Choir of London) in 1962, planning to perform as much of the composer's music as possible.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name="u288">Template:Cite web</ref> Keith Falkner, principal of the Royal College of Music, was in the audience at one of their concerts, and encouraged Norrington to study conducting. Norrington resigned his publishing post and studied conducting with Sir Adrian Boult, among others, from 1962 to 1964.<ref name="Telegraph">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Munzinger" /> The Schütz Choir's first concert with an orchestra on period instruments was Handel's Messiah in 1972, followed by Monteverdi's Vespro della Beata Vergine.<ref name="Telegraph" />

Conducting in Great Britain and the US

From 1969 to 1984, Norrington was the music director of Kent Opera, where he conducted over 400 performances of more than 40 productions.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name="Klassik Heute">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Standard">Template:Cite web</ref> In 1978, he founded the London Classical Players.<ref name="Munzinger" /> Their recording of Beethoven's Symphonies, from 1987 to 1990, caused a sensation by using period instruments, placing the second violins opposite the first, having a different relation of string players to winds and brass, and in fast tempo according to Beethoven's metronome markings. They then explored the repertoire further.<ref name="Molnar" /> Norrington remained their musical director until 1997.<ref name="Klassik Heute" /><ref name="DW">Template:Cite web</ref> From 1985 to 1989, he was the principal conductor of the Bournemouth Sinfonietta.<ref name="Klassik">Template:Cite web</ref> He was also president of the Oxford Bach Choir.<ref name="Oxford Bach Choir">Template:Cite web</ref> From 1990 to 1994, he was music director of the Orchestra of St. Luke's in New York City.<ref name="Luke">Template:Cite web</ref>

With his wife, the choreographer Kay Lawrence, he formed in 1984 the Early Opera Project to complement his concert work in period-style opera, beginning with Monteverdi's L'Orfeo at the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino that year, and touring Britain in 1986.<ref name="r994">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Salzburg and Stuttgart

In Europe, Norrington was the principal conductor of Camerata Salzburg from 1997 to 2007,<ref name="Telegraph" /> and the principal conductor of the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1998 to 2011.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name="Molnar" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 28 July 2016, he conducted the final concert of the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra in London at the Royal Albert Hall as part of The Proms, before its scheduled merger with the SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Other activities: Boston, Paris, Bremen, Zurich

Norrington was an artistic advisor to the Boston Handel and Haydn Society from 2006 to 2009. He was the principal guest conductor of the Orchestre de chambre de Paris and the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen, and the principal conductor of the Zurich Chamber Orchestra from 2011 to 2016.<ref name="Munzinger" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He appeared regularly with the Berlin Philharmonic,<ref name="u325">Template:Cite web</ref> the Vienna Philharmonic, and major orchestras throughout the world.<ref name="f416">Template:Cite web</ref>

Historically informed performance

Norrington became best known for historically informed performances of not only Baroque music, but also music from the Classical and Romantic periods.<ref name="Molnar">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="v945">Template:Cite web</ref> He advocated limited or no use of vibrato in orchestral performances, claiming that orchestras did not use it until the 1930s,<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which brought him controversial criticism.<ref name="Kozinn">Template:Cite news</ref> He followed Beethoven's original metronome markings in his symphonies strictly, rejecting the common speculation that these markings were "miscalculated".<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name="Kozinn"/> With sparse use of vibrato, often very fast tempos, and a different placement of the instruments, especially first and second violins on opposite sides of the podium, he developed a specific sound, especially with the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, which was often dubbed by the trade press as Stuttgart Sound.<ref name="Molnar" /><ref>Bettina Straub: Stuttgart-Sound aus der Liederhalle. Template:Webarchive In: Deutschlandfunk, 25 November 2005</ref><ref>Kerstin Gebel: Pionier am Dirigierpult: Roger Norrington wird 85. Template:Webarchive In: SWR.de, 14. März 2019</ref> This refers to the synthesis of historically informed music making with the means of a flexible modern orchestra. Symphonic cycles that Norrington interpreted with the orchestra have received worldwide acclaim.<ref name="d014">Template:Cite web</ref> Critics included Hermann Voss, the violist of the Melos Quartet, who drew two tough caricatures of Norrington's vibrato-free string sound in 2005, adding: "Except for the Stuttgart Feuilleton, the New Stuttgart Style finds only contempt and scorn."<ref>Hermann Voss: Hackordnungen im Quadrat – Bleistiftzeichnungen von Hermann Voss. Res Novae Verlag, Aulendorf 2017, P. 80ff, Template:ISBN</ref>

Television

In August 2008, Norrington appeared in the reality TV talent show-themed television series Maestro on BBC Two, leading the judging panel.<ref name="BBC080523">Template:Cite press release</ref> He conducted the First Night of The Proms in 2006 and the Last Night of The Proms in 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal life

Norrington was married twice. He married Susan McLean May in 1964, with whom he had two children. The couple divorced in 1982.<ref name="Telegraph" /> In 1986, he married Kay Lawrence, a dancer and choreographer; the couple had one child.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name="Wroe">Template:Cite news</ref>

In November 2021, Norrington announced his retirement.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Norrington, who lived near Exeter in Devon, died at home on 18 July 2025, aged 91.<ref name="Telegraph"/><ref name="Kozinn 2025">Template:Cite news</ref>

Awards and honours

Norrington was appointed OBE in 1980, CBE in 1990, and Knight Bachelor in 1997.<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He was awarded the Cavaliere of the Italian Republic in 1980<ref name="Kozinn 2025" /> and the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2012.<ref name="Nöther">Template:Cite web</ref>

Honorary doctorates

Recordings

Norrington conducted recordings of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Berlioz, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Dvorak, Bruckner, and Mahler on both period and modern instruments.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Decca

Recordings with Decca Records include:<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>

EMI

Erato Records

Recordings with Erato Records include:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Sony Classical Records

Recordings with Sony Classical Records include:<ref name=":0" />

SWR Classic

Recordings with SWR Classic, with the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, include:<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

References

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