Rosa dumalis
Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox Rosa dumalis, the glaucous dog rose, is a species of rose in the Rosaceae family. The native range of this rose stretches from Europe to the Caucasus and also down to northwestern Africa.<ref name="Powo"/>
Description
It has a deciduous scrambling shrub form in the wild and spreads by suckers.<ref name="Eyduran2022"/>
It is a shrub that grows Template:Convert high. It has long, bent thorns. It bears fragrant, dark or light pink flowers in June and July. The autumn produced hips are oval, quite soft,<ref>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan.</ref> and rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin C).<ref name="Eyduran2022"/> There are an average of 15.5 seeds per fruit. Fruits average 66.2% water, and their dry weight includes 14.4% carbohydrates and 0.5% lipids.Template:Sfn
Taxonomy
Not all authorities accept it as distinct, with the Flora Europaea (encyclopedia of plants, published up to 1994) treating it as a synonym of Rosa canina or R. squarrosa.<ref>Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora Europaea. Note: in part = Rosa canina & R. squarrosa</ref> On the other hand, Plants of the World Online treats Rosa vosagiaca (accepted by Flora Europaea) as a synonym of Rosa dumalis.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
It is an accepted name and verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 January 2015,<ref name=grin>Template:GRIN</ref> and by World Flora Online.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
It was first described and published by German botanist Johann Matthäus Bechstein in Forstbotanik (published in Henning, Erfurt), vol.241 on page 969 in 1810.<ref name="Powo"/> The specific epithet of dumalis is derived from the Latin word dumosus meaning thorny, compact and bushy.<ref>Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
It has the common name of Glaucous dog rose.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats (SSRs)) have been used by plant geneticists to determine relationships within the Rosa family. It has been found that there was a high degree of similarity between Rosa brunonii and R. dumalis, which was supported by both molecular and morphological data.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Distribution
It is native to several countries; (in Europe) Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,<ref name=grin/> Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,<ref name=grin/> Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,<ref name=grin/> Lithuania,<ref name=grin/> Moldova,<ref name=grin/> Montenegro,<ref name=grin/> Netherlands, North Macedonia,<ref name=grin/> Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia,<ref name=grin/> Spain, Slovakia,<ref name=grin/> Slovenia,<ref name=grin/> Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey,<ref name="Bozhuyuk2021"/> Ukraine and Yugoslavia. Parts of Russia (Belarus, European Russia and the North Caucasus area), as well as (in Africa), Algeria and Morocco.<ref name="Powo"/>
Uses
The rose hips of Rosa canina and Rosa dumalis have been collected and traditionally used in Turkey for several decades. They are mainly collected during winter months and then they can be processed into several products such as marmalade,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> syrup, jam,<ref name="Bozhuyuk2021"/> as well as healthy teas and jellies.<ref name="Eyduran2022"/> They also have been known as medicinal plants and used in folk medicine for quite a while.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The rose hips were used to treat coughs, stomach aches and sore throats.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In Turkey, due to its thorns and scrambling habit, it is often used as a fence (or hedge) in open areas, especially on the edges of arable fields.<ref name="Eyduran2022"/>