Royal Jordanian Air Force
Template:Short description Template:AI-generated Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox military unit
The Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF; Arabic: سلاح الجو الملكي الأردني, Silāḥ al-Jaww al-Malakī al-ʾUrdunī) is the aerial warfare branch of the Jordanian Armed Forces. Founded in 1955,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the RJAF serves as the primary air defense organization in Jordan, with the mission of defending the nation’s airspace, providing ground support, and contributing to the broader national security strategy.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref> Its role has expanded over the years from purely defensive operations to include Peacekeeping,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> humanitarian support,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and active participation in regional coalitions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Headquartered in Amman, the RJAF operates a variety of advanced fighter aircraft, helicopters, and transport aircraft, with bases strategically positioned across Jordan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Since its establishment, the RJAF has undergone significant modernization efforts, enhancing its capabilities to address evolving security challenges.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The force also collaborates closely with international allies, including the United States<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> and several NATO countries, engaging in joint training exercises and defense partnerships.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The RJAF has earned a respected position within the Middle East due to its skilled personnel and its contributions to stability and security in the region.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> With a focus on training and technological advancement, the RJAF continues to enhance its readiness and operational capabilities, representing a critical component of Jordan’s defense infrastructure.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Mission
To Protect and Defend the Sovereignty and Integrity of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
The Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) is dedicated to safeguarding Jordan’s airspace and supporting both national defense and humanitarian missions. Over the years, the RJAF has broadened its role to include regional assistance, humanitarian airlifts, and international peacekeeping efforts. The following outlines the key components of the RJAF’s mission, extended responsibilities, and recent involvement in humanitarian operations.
Core mission components
- Precision engagement
- The RJAF prioritizes selective application of force, emphasizing accuracy and control to limit collateral damage. This precision-based approach allows the RJAF to respond to diverse regional challenges with targeted, effective military actions, often in cooperation with coalition forces.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Information superiority
- Maintaining information superiority is critical for RJAF’s operational success. The RJAF integrates real-time intelligence and surveillance to provide joint force commanders with actionable insights, enabling informed strategic and tactical decisions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Agile combat support
- Agility in logistics and combat support enables the RJAF to deploy and sustain operations effectively, whether from fixed bases or rapid-response units. The RJAF’s support structure ensures readiness for defensive actions and expeditions alike, reinforcing Jordan’s national defense and extending to international missions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Core values
- The RJAF operates with a commitment to integrity, service, and excellence, underpinning its core competencies and distinct capabilities.
Secondary and additional tasks
The RJAF’s mission includes essential support roles beyond its core defense responsibilities. These tasks encompass:
- Supporting land forces: Providing air support in defense operations and assisting in any armed conflict with external powers.
- Internal security: Assisting security forces in maintaining internal security, counter-smuggling efforts, and border surveillance.
- Additional tasks
- Air lift operations.
- Search and rescue.
- Medical evacuation.
- Relief operations.
- Evacuation of citizens from areas of conflict.
Humanitarian and peacekeeping missions
The RJAF has played an increasingly active role in peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance. Despite limited resources, Jordan has committed its air force to peacekeeping operations and humanitarian missions across various continents. In 1994, the RJAF began participating in United Nations airlift operations, supporting Jordanian troops on peacekeeping assignments. As of recent years, the RJAF has logged over 200 flight hours in peacekeeping support worldwide.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
Early foundations and British influence (1931–1955)
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Jordan gained independence in 1946, but its first air bases were established as early as 1931 by the Royal Air Force to protect British interests and maintain stability in the region.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Initially, Jordan’s air defense was limited to observation and reconnaissance, with British personnel assisting in the development of this early force. By 1948, Jordan began forming a small air unit known as the Arab Legion Air Force (ALAF), with assistance from the RAF in terms of training and equipment. The ALAF's primary fighter aircraft was the de Havilland Vampire, a British jet fighter, and a Vickers VC.1 Viking was used as a VIP transport for the King of Jordan.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In 1955, King Hussein recognized the need for a more autonomous and capable air force as part of Jordan’s modernization goals, officially establishing the RJAF on 25 September 1955.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The same year, Jordan received its first modern training aircraft from the United Kingdom, solidifying early efforts in pilot training and technical skills. By 1958, British forces had fully departed Jordan, and the RJAF assumed complete control over the nation’s airfields, marking a shift toward self-reliance.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
The Six-Day War and aftermath (1960s)
In the early 1960s, the RJAF expanded its capabilities with the acquisition of Hawker Hunter aircraft for air defense, strengthening Jordan's combat abilities as regional tensions mounted.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In December 1964, the RJAF engaged in a notable air combat incident over the West Bank, where four Israeli Air Force Mirages encountered RJAF Hunters, resulting in damage to one Mirage with no Jordanian losses.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The RJAF’s role during the Six-Day War in 1967 was met with severe challenges as Israeli air raids destroyed most of Jordan’s aircraft on the ground, resulting in the near-total loss of the fleet.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Despite these losses, the RJAF quickly began efforts to rebuild, receiving assistance from the United Kingdom, which provided additional Hunters and training support.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Modernization and regional alignments (1970s)
After the heavy losses of the 1967 war, the RJAF undertook substantial modernization efforts. In the early 1970s, it acquired Lockheed F-104 Starfighters from the United States, although these were later deemed unsuitable for Jordan’s defense needs due to their high operational costs and maintenance complexity. By 1977, these were transferred to the Pakistan Air Force, leaving the RJAF to seek alternative solutions.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
During this period, the RJAF also procured Northrop F-5 Tiger jets from Iran, as part of Jordan’s strategic alliance with Iran during the Shah’s reign. These aircraft became vital to Jordan’s defense strategy, enabling a higher degree of regional operational capacity.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Additionally, the RJAF began using Cessna T-37 Tweets for advanced training, which helped establish a domestic pipeline for skilled pilots and technical staff.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1975, the RJAF retired its fleet of Hawker Hunters, transferring them to the Omani Air Force after unsuccessful attempts to sell the aircraft elsewhere.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The Iran-Iraq War and continued upgrades (1980s)
Following the Egypt–Israel peace treaty in 1979, the RJAF embarked on further modernization efforts supported by financial aid from several Arab states. The RJAF selected the Dassault Mirage F1 over the General Dynamics F-16/79 to serve as its frontline fighter due to its advanced avionics and agility in air-to-air combat.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
During the Iran-Iraq War, Jordan remained a regional ally of Iraq, providing training support for Iraqi pilots. The RJAF participated in joint training exercises, allowing Jordanian and Iraqi pilots to operate side-by-side in combat simulations. However, there is no confirmed evidence that RJAF personnel directly engaged in combat missions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> During this period, the RJAF also acquired Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft, which became instrumental in supporting Jordan’s international peacekeeping missions, as well as humanitarian efforts throughout the Middle East and North Africa.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The Gulf War and resource constraints (1990s)
Jordan’s complex political relationship with Iraq during the Gulf War left the RJAF in a difficult position, as Jordan chose not to commit forces to combat. However, the aftermath of the war led to economic strains that impacted the RJAF, resulting in a shift towards modernization through upgrades rather than acquiring new aircraft.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In a bid to sustain operational readiness, the RJAF sold seven of its F-5E jets to Singapore, utilizing the proceeds to fund upgrades to its remaining fleet. This included the installation of the AN/APG-67 radar, advanced fire control systems, and upgraded weapons systems, which allowed the F-5s to maintain relevance in modern air combat despite lacking beyond-visual-range capabilities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
By the late 1990s, the RJAF had established itself as a capable regional air force focused on maintaining a balance between operational readiness and cost-effectiveness. Continued support from international allies, including the United States and NATO members, played a significant role in helping Jordan sustain its air defense infrastructure amid limited resources.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Modern era
Following the Gulf War, the Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) initiated a broad modernization program to address regional security challenges and enhance its strategic capabilities. As part of these efforts, Jordan acquired a range of transport, combat, and special operations aircraft.
In the early 1990s, Jordan procured two Airbus C-295 light transport aircraft to support logistics and tactical operations. The acquisition of several Antonov An-32 aircraft from Ukraine provided the RJAF with enhanced STOL capabilities, allowing rapid transport for the Royal Special Forces in remote or challenging environments.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> However, the operational status of the An-32s has been uncertain in recent years, with the focus shifting to newer models.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1997, Jordan further enhanced its tactical airlift with the addition of a Lockheed C-130 Hercules, critical for both domestic operations and regional humanitarian missions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
To improve heavy lift and logistics capabilities, the RJAF acquired two Ilyushin Il-76MF freighters from Russia in 2006. These aircraft have been instrumental in supporting Jordan’s extensive peacekeeping missions and other international deployments.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Additionally, the RJAF began to explore multi-role gunships, converting two CASA/IPTN CN-235 aircraft into AC235 gunships in collaboration with the King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau (KADDB) and U.S. defense company Orbital ATK. These gunships, equipped with advanced sensors and precision weaponry, are intended to support special operations and counter-insurgency efforts.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The RJAF later explored the gunship version of the Airbus C-295 to further expand its close air support capabilities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Jordanian Special Operations Aviation Brigade, created to support high-priority missions, has operated Sikorsky UH-60L Black Hawk and MD Helicopters MD-530F helicopters for special operations and border security missions. In the late 1990s, the RJAF received two squadrons of AH-1F Cobra gunships from the U.S. Army, later transferring some to Pakistan as Jordan transitioned to new platforms, including the Boeing AH-6 light attack helicopter.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
Under the U.S. Military Assistance Program, Jordan received 18 surplus Bell UH-1H helicopters in 1994, followed by an additional 18 in 1996. The UH-1H helicopters were subsequently transferred to the Iraqi Air Force as Jordan moved to acquire newer platforms.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In recent years, Jordan acquired eight UH-60A Black Hawks through a U.S. no-cost lease, and a further eight UH-60M Black Hawks were delivered in 2017 as part of a U.S. grant valued at $200 million.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The RJAF maintains close military cooperation with neighboring air forces, providing training for Bahraini pilots and logistical support to the Iraqi Air Force. The RJAF also plays a critical role in joint operations with the United States Air Force, conducting routine exercises to enhance regional interoperability and readiness.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The current commander of the Royal Jordanian Air Force is Brigadier General Mohammad Hyasat.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Operations in Syria and regional conflicts (2014–present)
The RJAF has been active in regional conflicts, notably in the fight against ISIS and other terrorist organizations in Syria. On 16 April 2014, Jordanian fighter jets conducted airstrikes on vehicles attempting to cross from Syria into Jordan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The following September, the RJAF joined U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve airstrikes against ISIS, marking Jordan's commitment to regional security.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In December 2014, a Jordanian F-16 crashed near Raqqa, Syria, resulting in the capture of the pilot, Flight Lieutenant Moaz Youssef al-Kasasbeh, by ISIS militants. Despite diplomatic efforts, al-Kasasbeh was executed in early 2015, leading to a renewed commitment by Jordan against ISIS.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 5 February 2015, the RJAF launched intensified strikes against ISIS positions in Syria, deploying 20 F-16s in operations supported by U.S.-supplied munitions, including JDAM precision bombs.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2015, RJAF received 16 Bell AH-1E/F Cobras from Israel IAF, further bolstering the RJAF’s counterinsurgency capabilities along Jordan’s borders. While active in Syria, in late 2015 the RJAF shifted some resources to support Saudi-led operations against Houthi rebels in Yemen, although Jordan maintained a limited presence in Syria.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In late January 2024, the Royal Jordanian Air Force was actively involved in a coordinated response following the Tower 22 drone attack on a U.S. base in northeastern Jordan. This attack, attributed to an Iranian-supplied drone launched by Iranian-backed militias, resulted in the deaths of three American soldiers and injured over 40 others. The drone struck Tower 22, a logistics and support base near the Syrian border, underscoring the increasing threats posed by regional militias.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On February 3, 2024, as part of the U.S.-led retaliation, RJAF F-16s joined American B-1B bombers and other aircraft in a series of airstrikes targeting strategic militia positions across Syria and Iraq. The operation, involving over 125 precision-guided munitions, was aimed at weakening the operational capabilities of the militias responsible for the Tower 22 attack. The RJAF provided air support along the Syria-Iraq border, focusing on surveillance and striking secondary targets to limit militia movements and escape routes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In Syria, the strikes targeted several high-value facilities in Deir ez-Zor and al-Bukamal, including weapons depots, intelligence centers, and militia command posts affiliated with pro-Iranian forces. These locations served as vital hubs for arms and personnel, enabling cross-border operations by militias. The RJAF's involvement marked its expanded role in regional counterterrorism and security efforts, signaling its commitment to supporting coalition forces against Iranian influence.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
RJAF’s role in these strikes highlighted Jordan’s expanding security alliance with the United States, reflecting a proactive stance on countering threats from Iranian-aligned militias. Analysts have noted that this operation demonstrates Jordan’s strategic importance in regional security, as well as the RJAF’s growing capacity to participate in complex, multilateral defense operations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Humanitarian airlifts to Gaza (2023–present)
In response to the humanitarian crisis during the war in Gaza, the RJAF coordinated critical aid missions to deliver supplies to affected areas. As part of Jordan’s commitment to supporting Palestinian civilians, the RJAF carried out multiple air drops of food, medical supplies, and essential relief items to Gaza, under challenging conditions and amidst ongoing regional conflict.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> This mission underscored Jordan’s role in regional humanitarian assistance, with the RJAF working closely with international agencies to ensure safe passage and distribution of aid.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
June 2025 Israel Iran escalation
Following the June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran the RJAF scrambled fighter jets and activated its air defense systems to intercept Iranian drones that entered Jordanian airspace, preventing them from reaching Israel as part of a defensive coallition.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Organization
The Royal Jordanian Air Force has a strength of 14,000 active personnel.<ref name=IISS2021/> It contains six major airbases in addition to nineteen air squadrons, fourteen I-Hawk Batteries, and two training schools (a fighter aviation training school and a school of air combat). The Royal Jordanian Air Force Headquarters is at King Abdullah I Airbase in Amman.
| Base | Squadron | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|
| King Abdullah I Air Base<ref name=Scramble /> Marka district, Greater Amman Municipality, Jordan |
3 Squadron | C-130H, M28, Il-76TD |
| 7 Squadron | AS332M-1, UH-60A, EC635T1, EC635T2i | |
| Royal Squadron | S-70A-11, UH-60M VIP, AW-139 | |
| Air Ambulance Center | AW-139 | |
| King Abdullah II Air Base<ref name=Scramble /> Al Ghabawi, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan |
8 Squadron | UH-60M |
| 9 Squadron | S-100 | |
| 10 Squadron | AH-1F (SES) | |
| 12 Squadron | AH-1F | |
| 14 Squadron | UH-60A | |
| 15 Squadron | Ce208B-ISR, Ce208B EX-ISR | |
| 25 Squadron | AT-802U, AT-802i Block 4, AT-802F | |
| 28 Squadron | MD530FF, AH 530 Block II (on order) | |
| 30 Squadron | UH-60L | |
| 32 Squadron | AC-235 | |
| Zarqa Air Base<ref name=Scramble /> Sahel Nassab, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan |
9 Squadron | S-100 |
| 26 Squadron | Mi-26T2 | |
| King Hussein Air Base<ref name=Scramble /> Mafraq, Mafraq Governorate, Jordan |
4 Squadron | G120TP |
| 5 Squadron | R44-II, Bell 505 | |
| 11 Squadron | PC-21 | |
| Flight Instructor School | G120TP | |
| Muwaffaq Salti Air Base<ref name=Scramble /> Azraq, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan |
1 Squadron | F-16AM/BM |
| 2 Squadron (OCU) | F-16AM/BM | |
| 6 Squadron | F-16AM/BM, F-16C/D (on order) | |
| Rweished Air Base<ref name=Scramble /> Ruwaished, Mafraq Governorate, Jordan |
10/12 Squadron (det.) | AH-1F, AH-1F (SES) |
| 15 Squadron (det.) | Ce208B-ISR, Ce208B EX-ISR | |
| Prince Hassan Air Base<ref name=Scramble /> Safawi, Mafraq Governorate, Jordan |
No Squadrons | |
| King Faisal Air Base<ref name=Scramble /> Al-Jafr, Ma'an Governorate, Jordan |
No Squadrons |
Squadrons
- No. 1 Squadron RJAF – the Squadron was formed in 1958 with the Hawker Hunter and later equipped with F5s, the Mirage F1, and now the General Dynamics/Lockheed F-16.<ref name="Scramble">Template:Cite web</ref> It has been based in Amman, Mafraq and now Azraq, with short periods at H5, and Habbaniya (Iraq).<ref>RJAF official site</ref>
- No. 2 Squadron RJAF – was first formed in 1958 with de Havilland Vampires then with Hunters and later in 1974 with F5As and Bs as an advanced training squadron at King Hussein Air Base, Mafraq. It subsequently flew from Amman and Mafraq as a fighter squadron, then flew again from Mafraq, renamed in 1978 as the King Hussein Air College, with the CASA C-101 as the advanced jet trainer.<ref>rjaf.mil.jo</ref> It is now at MSAB equipped with the F-16.<ref name="Scramble"/>
- No. 3 Squadron RJAF – was formed in 1959 and was a mixture of fixed-wing and helicopter until February 1973 when a helicopter squadron was formed. Its aircraft have included the de Havilland Dove; Heron; Ambassador; C47; C119; Brittan Norman Islander; CASA 212 and 235, with a helicopter flight of Westland Whirlwind; Widgeon; Scout and Alouette III. The Squadron belongs to the Air Lift Wing and is based at KAAB, Amman (Amman Civil Airport).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It is now equipped with the Lockheed C-130 Hercules and CASA 295.<ref name="Scramble"/>
Royal Jordanian Air Defence
- Royal Jordanian air defense is part of the Royal Jordanian Air Force is equipped with Surface-to-Air missiles and Anti-Aircraft guns and Radar stations, as well as modern Electronic Warfare center and electronic countermeasure which is linked to command and control (C2) centers.
- Jordan provided with an integrated, real-time air picture across multiple command centers and many remote sites to better protect the country's airspace. The system, known as Omnyx™, will combine sensor, voice and data communications to provide interoperability throughout the Royal Jordanian Air Force and other elements of Jordan's armed forces. With input from radars and other data links, the system will assist in detecting incoming air traffic and also provide the capabilities needed for airspace management, air sovereignty and air defense missions.<ref name=autogenerated1>Template:Cite web</ref>
- RJAF C2 and EW Capability
- Omnyx™ System enabling Jordanian Air Force to track and identify aircraft, evaluate any threats, initiate or monitor airborne engagements and enhance situational awareness of Jordanian airspace at all times.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Jordan have a C4ISR subsystem capable of serving multiple internal services and agencies within Jordan and An Air Defense subsystem capable of early warning of air attack and real-time Command and Control (C2) of national air defense forces.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- RADIANT C4I National EW network, connecting regional control centers, ground radars and AD assets.
- Jordan has the ability to detect cruise missiles, aircraft and unmanned drones at long distances through the project linking five U.S. 3D radars (1 FPS-117, 4 TPS-77), QAIA Radar and Gap-filler radars with ADSI (Air Defence System Integrator),<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Airbases and all Fire Units to build air defence umbrella (IADS).
- Air Surveillance Radars
- 1 AN/FPS-117 3D Radar <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- 4 AN/TPS-77 3D Radar
- 5 AN/TPS-63 Tactical 2D Radar
- 5 Marconi S711 Radar (Upgraded by AMS UK in 2005)
- Gap-filler & Border Surveillance radars
- Medium & Long Range Air Defence
- 24 MIM-23B Phase III I-Hawk<ref name="IISS2023">Template:Cite report</ref> (upgraded in 2016)Template:Citation needed
- In the period from 2004 to 2012 the components of 8 Hawk Phase III batteries were acquired gradually and some old Hawk batteries were modernized to Phase III,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Jordan received more than 400 MEI-23E missiles in 2014 and 2016.Template:Citation needed
- 24 MIM-23B Phase III I-Hawk<ref name="IISS2023">Template:Cite report</ref> (upgraded in 2016)Template:Citation needed
Equipment
Current inventory
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| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combat aircraft | |||||
| F-16 Fighting Falcon | Template:USA | Multirole combat aircraft | F-16C/D Block 70 | 0 (16 on order) | 12 ordered in 2024 with an option for 4 additional aiframes
Pending delivery by 2027, will feature advanced AESA radar and upgraded avionics<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| F-16AM Block 20 MLU | 44 | Single-seat variant
Upgraded to MLU standard<ref name="f-16.net">Template:Cite web</ref> with improved avionics, radar, and compatibility with modern weaponry | |||
| F-16BM Block 20 MLU | 15-18 | Dual-seat variant, used for both operational missions and training
Upgraded to MLU standard<ref name="f-16.net"/> | |||
| Special Mission | |||||
| CASA/IPTN CN-235 | Template:ESP / Template:USA / Template:JOR | COIN / ISR | AC-235 | 2 | Delivered in 2011
Modified as gunships, armed with M230 chain gun, APKWS rockets and AGM-114 Hellfire missiles, by KADDB and Orbital ATK in 2014<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
| Cessna 208B Grand Caravan | Template:USA | ISR | Ce208B-ISR | 6 | Delivered between 2009 and 2011 |
| Ce208B EX-ISR | 6 | 2 airframes delivered in 2017
4 airframes modified by IOMAX delivered in 2024<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |||
| Air Tractor AT-802 | Template:USA | COIN / ISR | AT-802U | 4 | Airframes initially intended for Yemen, delivered to Jordan in 2016 |
| AT-802i Block 4 BPA | 6 | Gifted by the United Arab Emirates Air Force in 2014 as Block 2 BPA, upgraded to Block 4 by IOMAX<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |||
| Air Tractor AT-802 | Template:USA | Fire-fighting aircraft | AT-802F | 2 | Delivered in 2023<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Transport | |||||
| Lockheed C-130 Hercules | Template:USA | Tactical Airlifter | C-130H | 7+3 in the future | 4 airframes delivered in the 1980s and 3 ex-USAF airframes delivered in 2021 and 2022<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Plans for an additional 3 airframes<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| PZL M28 Skytruck | Template:POL | Tactical Airlifter | 2 | Delivered in 2013 and 2015
Both airframes modified by Sierra Nevada Corporation in 2016 and 2018<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| Ilyushin Il-76 | Template:RUS | Strategic Airlifter | Il-76TD | 2 | One leased from Silk Way Airlines,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the other from UATG - Uz Aero Tech Group |
| Gulfstream G650/G700/G800 | Template:USA | Royal transportation | G650ER | 1 | Registered VQ-BNZ |
| Helicopters | |||||
| Bell AH-1 Cobra | Template:USA | Attack Helicopter | AH-1F | 32 | 49 airframes were delivered between 1985 and 2016
Between 8 and 16 airframes were transferred to the Pakistan Air Force in the 2010's<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 2 airframes were transferred to the Philippines Air Force in 2019<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> At least 2 airframes were transferred to the Kenya Air Force in 2017<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Only a few non-upgraded airframes remain in service |
| AH-1F (SES) | 11 | 12 refurbished airframes capable of carrying AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and APKWS rockets<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
One airframe crashed in June 2023<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |||
| MD Helicopters MD530 | Template:USA | Attack Helicopter | MD530FF | 6 | Delivered in 2006, received an avionics upgrade in 2024<ref name="MD Contract">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| AH530 Block II | 6 | Ordered in August 2023<ref name="MD Contract"/>
4 airframes delivered in December 2024 and 2 others in June 2025 | |||
| Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk | Template:USA | Utility Helicopter / SAR | UH-60A | 8 | Delivered in 2015 and 2016<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| UH-60L | 8 | Delivered in 2007 and used for special operations<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | |||
| UH-60M | 16 (4 on order) | 12 combat-capable airframes delivered in 2017 and 2018<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
4 VIP-configured airframes for Royal transportation have been delivered between 2013 and 2024 4 airframes ordered in 2024 will receive an armament upgrade<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |||
| Sikorsky S-70 | Template:USA | VIP Helicopter | S-70A-11 | 5 | Delivered in the 1980's and 1990's as Royal transportation |
| AgustaWestland AW139 | Template:ITA | VIP Helicopter / MEDEVAC | 3 | 2 airframes are MEDEVAC-configured and operate on behalf of the Jordan Air Ambulance Center
The third is VIP-configured for Royal transportation | |
| Eurocopter EC635 | Template:FRA / Template:GER | Utility Helicopter | EC635T1 | 9 | 9 ex-Portuguese airframes acquired in 2003 and 2004, some airframes have received an armament upgrade |
| EC635T2i | 3 | 4 airframes delivered in 2007<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
1 airframe crashed in February 2016<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |||
| Aérospatiale AS332 Super Puma | Template:FRA | Utility Helicopter | AS332M-1 | 7 | 11 airframes were delivered in 1987
1 airframe crashed in 1989<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 3 airframes transferred to the Benin Air Force in July 2023<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Mil Mi-26 | Template:RUS | Heavy Lift Helicopter | Mi-26T2 | 4 | Delivered in 2018 and 2019<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Trainer aircraft | |||||
| Pilatus PC-21 | Template:SWI | Advanced Trainer | 12 | Delivered between 2017 and 2019<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| Grob G 120TP | Template:GER | Basic Trainer | 13 | 16 airframes delivered between 2016 and 2018
3 airframes crashed, in December 2017,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in June 2022<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and in February 2024<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | |
| Bell 505 Jet Ranger X | Template:USA | Helicopter Trainer | 10 | Delivery completed in July 2024<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| Aérospatiale AS350 Écureuil | Template:FRA | Helicopter Trainer | AS350B3 | 1 | At least 7 ex-UAEAF airframes delivered in the 2000's
6 airframes sold onto the civilian market |
| Robinson R44 | Template:USA | Helicopter Trainer | 12 | Delivered between 2014 and 2016
Will be phased out in favour of the newer Bell 505 | |
Retired aircraft
Over the years, the Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) has operated a variety of aircraft that have since been retired from active service. These aircraft contributed significantly to training, combat, transport, and reconnaissance missions, and reflect the development of the RJAF’s capabilities over time. Notable retired aircraft include:
Fighter and Combat aircraft:
- de Havilland Vampire – The Vampire was one of the RJAF’s earliest jet fighters, entering service in the 1950s and eventually retired to Jordanian museums, including the Royal Tank Museum and the RJAF Museum.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Hawker Hunter
- F-104 Starfighter – This high-speed interceptor served during the Cold War and is notable for its unique design and supersonic capabilities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Northrop F-5 Tiger II
- Dassault Mirage F1 – A multi-role fighter used extensively in defense roles, retired as the RJAF modernized its fleet with F-16s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Training and Liaison aircraft:
- Cessna T-37 – A primary trainer widely used to prepare RJAF pilots for advanced jet training.<ref name="aircraft-sale">Template:Cite web</ref>
- CASA C-101 Aviojet
- BAE Systems Hawk
- Bulldog 125 – Used for basic flight training and pilot development in the RJAF.
- Slingsby T67 Firefly
- de Havilland Dove – Originally used for training and transport roles, with some preserved in Jordanian museums as part of the nation’s aviation heritage.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Transport and Utility aircraft:
- Boeing 727 – A medium-range jetliner repurposed for transport within the RJAF.
- Gulfstream III – Used for VIP transport and liaison roles.
- An-12 Cub – A medium-lift transport aircraft utilized for logistical support and regional transport operations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar
- CASA C-295
- CASA C-212 Aviocar
- Douglas C-47 Skytrain
Helicopters:
- Alouette III – A light utility helicopter used for search and rescue, medical evacuation, and transport.
- Aérospatiale Gazelle – Served in reconnaissance and light utility roles, notable for its agility and versatility.
- Bell UH-1 Iroquois
- Sikorsky S-76 – Utilized in transport and air support, with some preserved in Jordanian museums.
Several of these retired aircraft, including the de Havilland Vampire, de Havilland Dove, and others, have been preserved in museums across Jordan, such as the Royal Tank Museum and the RJAF Museum, celebrating Jordan's aviation history and the RJAF’s heritage.
Future developments
The Royal Jordanian Air Force has been on a dynamic journey of modernization, acquiring new aircraft, phasing out older models, and pushing forward with advanced upgrades to maintain an edge in the region. Here’s a timeline of RJAF’s recent strategic advancements and milestones:
On 24 July 2019, the RJAF Commander, Major General Yousef Huneiti, received a significant promotion to serve as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Jordanian Armed Forces, underscoring his valuable contributions to Jordan's military.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Brigadier General Zaid Al-Najrish was appointed as the new Commander of the RJAF, with a commitment to continue the path of professionalism established by his predecessor.
On 3 March 2020, news broke that the RJAF had shifted its plans from upgrading older F-16s to procuring the latest F-16 Block 70/72 models. The RJAF aimed to replace its aging fleet with these state-of-the-art fighters featuring advanced radar, enhanced avionics, and extended capabilities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In September 2020, the RJAF began working closely with the U.S. Air Force’s Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio on a study for the Block-70 operational upgrade program.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
On 28 July 2021, the RJAF unveiled its upgraded F-16 MLU (Mid-Life Upgrade) fighters, which have been enhanced to MLU levels 5 and 6.5. This upgrade is approximately equivalent to the capabilities of the F-16C/D Block 50/52 series, equipping the jets with advanced munitions like GBU bombs, JDAM kits, AAM, and ASM weapons, as well as targeting and reconnaissance pods. The Ministry of Defense showcased the RJAF pilots training on these upgraded aircraft.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref>
Following these upgrades, on 14 November 2021, it was announced that the latest F-16 MLU 6.5 fighters were painted with Glass V Paint, a radar-absorbent coating designed to enhance the aircraft’s stealth capabilities. This paint is part of Jordan's strategy to bolster the survivability of its F-16 fleet in a high-threat environment.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref>
On 3 February 2022, the United States Department of State authorized a potential Foreign Military Sale of up to 16 F-16 C/D Block 70 aircraft to Jordan, valued at approximately $4.21 billion. This includes a mix of 12 single-seat F-16Cs and four twin-seat F-16Ds, along with 21 F100 engines (with five spares) and additional systems and armament.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
As part of its long-term modernization strategy, in January 2023, the RJAF confirmed the phased retirement of older aircraft types while prioritizing the F-16 Block 70 deliveries expected to begin in late 2024. The Block 70, known for its AESA radar and advanced avionics, will bring a significant boost in both air-to-air and air-to-ground combat capabilities.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In March 2024, the RJAF unveiled its enhanced fleet readiness, stating that it had increased operational training hours in preparation for the arrival of the Block 70s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The RJAF’s modernization continues into November 2024, with the first batch of F-16 Block 70s anticipated by year’s end. This acquisition will cement Jordan’s air superiority role in the region, equipping it with a versatile fighter capable of handling modern threats across a range of mission profiles.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Personnel
Commanders
_Maj._Gen._Malek_Al-Habashneh,_the_chief_of_the_RJAF,_meet_in_Amman,_Jordan,_Aug._15,_2013_130815-D-VO565-006.jpg)
The Royal Jordanian Air Force is headed by the Commander. The chiefs of the RJAF are as follows:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
- 1956–1962 Major (Colonel) Ibrahim Osman
- 1962 Major Jereis Musharbash
- 1962 Major Sahal Hamzeh
- 1962–1970 Major (Major-General) Saleh El Kurdi
- 1971–1973 Brigadier Walid Sharafuddin
- 1973–1976 Brigadier Abboud Salem Hassan
- 1976–1980 Major (Major-General) Saleh El Kurdi
- 1980–1982 Brigadier (Major-General) Tayseer Zarour
- 1983–1993 Brigadier (Lieutenant-General) Ihsan Shurdom
- 1993–1994 Brigadier (Major-General) Awni Bilal
- 1994–1995 Brigadier (Major-General) Mohammed El Qudah
- 1995–1999 Brigadier (Major-General) Mohammed Khair Ababneh
- 1999–2002 Brigadier (Major-General) So'oud Nuseirat
- 2002–2004 Brigadier (Major-General) His Royal Highness Prince Faisal bin Hussein
- 2004–2006 Brigadier (Major-General) Hussein Al Biss
- 2006–2010 Brigadier (Major-General) Hussein Shodash
- 2010–2013 Brigadier (Major-General) Malek Al-Habashneh
- 2013–2016 Brigadier (Major-General) Mansour Al-Jbour
- 2016–2019 Brigadier (Major-General) Yousef Huneiti
- 2019–2021 Brigadier (Major-General) Zaid Naqrash
- 2021–Present Brigadier (Major-General) Mohammad Hyasat
Notable persons
- Amer Khammash, the first recognized Jordanian pilot and received his pilot training at RAF Middle Wallop in the United Kingdom in 1949, and received his wings in 1950 from the Late Founder of Jordan, King Abdullah I bin Al-Hussein.
- Muath al-Kasasbeh, Royal Jordanian Air Force pilot captured, held hostage, and burned alive by the Terrorist group ISIL in 2015.
- Brigadier General Fakhri Abuhmeidan, is the first Jordanian who flew jet engine fighters, and the Commander of King Hussein Air Base.
See also
References
- Griffin, David J., 60 Years of the Hawker Hunter, 1951 to 2011
- Pike, Richard. The Hunter Boys. UK: Grub Street Publishing, 2014. Template:ISBN.
External links
- Official Site of the Royal Jordanian Air Force
- Royal Jordanian Airforce courtesy of Scramble.nl
- Royal Jordanian Air Force F-16s
Template:Jordanian Armed Forces Template:Law enforcement in Jordan Template:Air forces Template:Authority control