Royal Regiment of Fusiliers

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox military unit

The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (often referred to as, "The Fusiliers") is an infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Queen's Division. Currently, the regiment has two battalions: the 1st Battalion, part of the Regular Army, is an armoured infantry battalion based in Tidworth, Wiltshire, and the 5th Battalion, part of the Army Reserve, recruits in the traditional fusilier recruiting areas across England. The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers was largely unaffected by the infantry reforms that were announced in December 2004, but under the Army 2020 reduction in the size of the Army, the 2nd Battalion was merged into the first in 2014.

History

File:Royal Regiment of Fusiliers march in Rochdale.jpg
The Fusiliers march in Rochdale

The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers was formed on 23 April 1968 as part of the reforms of the British Army that saw the creation of 'large infantry regiments', by the amalgamation of the four English Fusilier regiments:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The 3rd Battalion of the regiment saw active service in Iraq during the Gulf War in 1991.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> All battalions were also deployed to Northern Ireland on Operation Banner multiple times.<ref name=bau>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2003, the 1 Fusiliers battlegroup was at the forefront of the coalition invasion of Iraq, ultimately occupying the city of Basra.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Over the next decade, the regiment carried out multiple operational tours of Iraq.<ref name=bau/>

File:1 RRF engage Iraqi Army positions with their 81mm Mortars. Iraq. 26-03-2003 MOD 45142764.jpg
First Fusiliers Mortar team during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq
File:Chinook Lands with Royalm Marines Onboard in Afghanistan MOD 45149638.jpg
Second Fusiliers awaiting pick-up in Helmand Province in 2006

In 2006, elements of the 2nd Battalion were deployed to Afghanistan to support the International Security Assistance Force. Deployed to the town of Now Zad in Helmand Province, they rapidly found themselves fighting off a sustained Taliban attack that lasted for 107 days - the longest siege of British troops since World War II.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Over the following years, elements of the regiment deployed on several occasions to Afghanistan and saw heavy fighting.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Most recently, the entire 1st Battalion deployed to Nahri Saraj District in Helmand in 2013, where they took part in mounted and dismounted infantry operations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The regiment received a reserve battalion, the 5th battalion, through the redesignation of the Tyne-Tees Regiment, on 1 April 2006.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In September 2014, the 2nd Battalion was amalgamated with the 1st Battalion under Army 2020, forming just one regular battalion - an armoured infantry battalion under 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Structure

Cold War

During the Cold War, the regiment saw a massive expansion, expanding from three regular battalions to six battalions in just a few years. Below is a list of those units raised within the regiment during the era:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Regulars

  • Regimental Headquarters, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, at the Tower of London
  • 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (Regular)
  • 2nd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (Regular)
  • 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (Regular) – disbanded following Options for Change in 1992
  • 4th Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (Regular) – disbanded one year after formation, in 1969

TAVR (all disbanded in 1967)

  • 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
  • 4th/5th/6th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, disbanded in 1971
  • 7th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers
  • 7th Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers
  • The City of London Battalion, Royal Fusiliers
  • 5th (Bury) Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers

Volunteers (from 1967)

  • The Fusilier Volunteers, redesignated as 5th (V) Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers in 1968, redesignated again in 1992 following Options for Change as 5th (Warwickshire) Battalion, disbanded in 1999
  • 6th (Volunteer) Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, redesignated in 1992 following Options for Change as 6th (Northumberland) Battalion<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • 8th (Volunteer) Battalion, The Queen's Fusiliers (City of London), formed in 1988 as joint TA unit with Queen's Regiment, headquarters at the TA Centre at St. John's Hill, Clapham Junction. On Transition To War, would have provided guards & security for 50 Missile Regiment Royal Artillery, equipped with the nuclear-tipped Lance.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Redesignated as The London Regiment in 1993 following Options for Change.

Bands (with battalion assignment after, if needed)

  • Duke of Kent's Band of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers – amalgamated with St George's Band RRF to form Normandy Band of the Queen's Division following Options for Change in 1992<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Saint George's Band of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers – amalgamated with Duke of Kent's Band RRF to form Normandy Band of the Queen's Division following Options for Change in 1992<ref name=":1" />
  • Warwickshire Band of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (5 RRF)
  • Northumbria Band of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (6 RRF)

1st Battalion

The 1st Battalion is an armoured infantry battalion based in Tidworth Camp, Wiltshire. Equipped with the Warrior IFV, the battalion is part of the army's 3rd Division and is held at high readiness as part of the army's armoured war-fighting reserve. In 2016, the battalion was the army's Lead Armoured Battlegroup and was held at extremely high readiness in case it was required to deploy anywhere in the world at short notice. The battalion is highly experienced with multiple deployments in the last two decades to Bosnia, Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan. Many soldiers from the 2nd Battalion joined the 1st Battalion on the merger, increasing the operational experience within the ranks. More recently, the 1st Battalion deployed around the world on exercise in places as diverse as Brunei, Kenya, the Baltic States and Canada.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The 1st Battalion also regularly works in support of the civil powers in the UK. In 2013, large elements of the battalion were deployed to Wraysbury and the surrounding area to support the flood relief efforts.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref>

The battalion won the Army Boxing Championships in 2016, beating the 2nd Battalion of the Parachute Regiment in the final.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

5th Battalion

The 5th Battalion is a Reserve battalion with its headquarters in the northeast of England. As a battalion within the 3rd (United Kingdom) Division, the 5th Battalion specialises in armoured infantry operations and has deployed all over the world on operations and on exercise both as a formed unit and as individual augmentees to the 1st Battalion. The 5th Battalion is now paired with the 1st Battalion and continues to support them in operations and on exercise.<ref name=fifth>Template:Cite web</ref>

5th Battalion maintains subunits at the following locations:

Hackle

As a Fusilier regiment, the Fusiliers wear a hackle – the red-over-white hackle of the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers. This distinction was originally a white plume which, according to regimental tradition, men of the 5th Regiment of Foot had taken from the headdress of fallen French troops at St. Lucia in December 1778. In 1829, King George IV ordered the white plume to be worn by all infantry regiments, and in order not to take away from the 5th (Northumberland) Regiment of Foot's peculiar distinction and reflecting the "gallantry of the exploits" it commemorated <ref> Richard Cannon,'Historical record of the Fifth Regiment of Foot, or Northumberland Fusiliers' (1837) p. 91</ref>' (according to legend the original plumes were stained red with the blood of their foes), their plume was differentiated by being made "half red and half white, the red uppermost, instead of the plain white feather worn by the rest of the army per the 1829 order, as a peculiar mark of honour."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Victoria Crosses

The combined Victoria Crosses of the Fusiliers and its ancestor regiments total fifty five.<ref name=handbook>Template:Cite web</ref> Of particular note are the first and last Victoria Crosses of the First World War - won by Lt Dease and Pte Godley at Mons in 1914 and Sgt Pearse in North Russia in 1919 - and the famous "Six VCs Before Breakfast" won at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Mascot

The regiment's traditional mascot is an Indian Blackbuck Antelope called Bobby, inherited from the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> However, Indian Blackbuck Antelopes are now protected under animal welfare rules and the Regiment has not been allowed one for several years. As a substitute, the Regiment uses an Otterhound called George, who holds the rank of Fusilier and attends all the major parades in which the Regiment is involved.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Roses

To mark certain Regimental Days, the Fusiliers wear roses in their headdress and bedeck the Battalion Colours with garlands. The tradition comes from their victory at the Battle of Minden, where, according to legend, soldiers marched at dawn to battle through rose fields and so went into action with the roses adorning their headdress. On St Georges Day, they wear red and white roses. On Minden Day, they wear red and yellow roses. New Fusilier Officers also must eat a rose at their first Minden Dinner on joining the Regiment.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

File:Soldier with 1RRF During Exercise Southern Warrior MOD 45156953.jpg
First Fusiliers in the Falklands

Colours

The King's Colour of each battalion of the regiment is identical except for the battalion numeral. The field of this Colour is blue which is the same as the facing colour of the Regiment. The Regimental title is in gold in a crimson circle within a Union Wreath of roses, thistles and shamrocks. The Regimental title is in gold in a crimson circle within a Union Wreath of roses, thistles and shamrocks. St George within the Garter, which is the centre badge, is on a crimson ground within the circle. The whole is ensigned with St Edward’s Crown. Forty battle honours, 20 in respect of World War I and 20 in respect of World War II, are borne on scrolls in gold in three groups of six honours on each horizontal arm of St George’s Cross and one group of four honours on the lower vertical arm of the Cross. Honours are emblazoned in chronological order by theatres across the horizontal arm of the Cross and vertically on the lower arm of the Cross. The fringe is of crimson and gold alternate strands.<ref name=handbook/> Honorary distinction badges of the four former regiments are borne in each canton of the Colour:<ref name=handbook/>

File:Soldiers with 1st Royal Regiment of Fusiliers MOD 45156526.jpg
Fusiliers on exercise in the Salisbury Plain Training Area

Finally, thirty-eight battle honours, which were borne on the Regimental Colours of the four former regiments, are emblazoned on gold scrolls placed on the branches of a large laurel wreath outside the Union Wreath.<ref name=handbook/> Template:Listen The Drummer’s Colour (or Wilhelmstahl Colour) is of gosling green silk edged with gold, embroidered with St George and the Dragon in the centre, with red scrolls edged with gold, above and below. The motto of the Northumberland Fusiliers ‘QUO FATA VOCANT’ ('Wherever fate calls us') is, on the upper scroll, and the word ‘NORTHUMBERLAND’ between V REGT, also in gold, on the lower scroll. A wreath of green laurel with red berries and the ‘slipped’ red and white rose surmounted by a crown in the four corners, makes up the design. This unusual third colour is traditionally carried by the youngest drummer on the annual St George's Day parade.<ref name=handbook/>

Band

A volunteer regimental band is sported by the 5th Battalion, based at the St George's Army Reserve Centre. Officially known as the Band and Corps of Drums, it consists of 30 servicemen who marching in the full dress uniform of the regiment and performs by permission of the Commanding Officer of Fifth Fusiliers. The corps of drums have a role in the band, leading parades and performing their black light show.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Until the Strategic Defence Review of 1998 the Regiment had two Territorial Army bands: the Northumberland Band of the 6th Battalion and the Warwickshire Band of the 5th Battalion. After the review, the Northumberland Band became the Northumbria Band of the Tyne-Tees Regiment while the Warwickshire Band was removed from the TA establishment and continued as a civilian band. In 2006, it was renamed to the Band of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. The Lancashire Association Band of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers is also a volunteer band of the regiment.<ref name=":0">The Royal Regiment of FusiliersTemplate:Dead link</ref>

Previous active duty bands

In April 1968, each of the four regular battalions inherited a battalion band. In November 1969, the 4th battalion band was merged into the other three bands. The regiment chose to form two full size bands in 1984; one being titled as "The Duke of Kent's Band" and the other as "The St George's" Band.<ref name=":0" />

Lineage of the regiment

1880<ref name="London Gazette">Template:Cite news</ref> 1881 Childers Reforms<ref name="London Gazette"/> 1921 Name changes 1957 Defence White Paper 1966 Defence White Paper 1990 Options for Change 2003 Delivering Security in a Changing World
5th (Northumberland) (Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot The Northumberland Fusiliers
renamed in 1935:
The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers 		The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers
6th (Royal First Warwickshire) Regiment of Foot The Royal Warwickshire Regiment
renamed in 1963:
The Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers
7th (Royal Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment)
20th (East Devonshire) Regiment of Foot The Lancashire Fusiliers

Battle honours

The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers carries the combined battle honours of its four antecedent regiments, as well as two honours obtained during the years of the regiment's own existence. There are a total of 40 representative honours each emblazoned on the Queen's Colour and Regimental Colour.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Regimental colonels

Regimental Colonels have been:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Order of seniority within the line of battle

Template:S-start Template:Order of precedence Template:S-end

Alliances

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Royal Regiment of Fusiliers Template:British Army Infantry Regiments Template:British Infantry Template:Authority control

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