Rufous treepie
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The rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) is a treepie, native to the Indian subcontinent and adjoining parts of Southeast Asia. It is a member of the crow family, Corvidae. It is long tailed and has loud musical calls making it very conspicuous. It is found commonly in open scrub, agricultural areas, forests as well as urban gardens. Like other corvids it is very adaptable, omnivorous and opportunistic in feeding.
Description
The sexes are alike and the main colour of the body is cinnamon with a black head and the long graduated tail is bluish grey and is tipped in black. The wing has a white patch. The only confusable species is the grey treepie which however lacks the bright rufous mantle. The bill is stout with a hooked tip. The underparts and lower back are a warm tawny-brown to orange-brown in colour with white wing coverts and black primaries. The bill, legs and feet are black.<ref name=pcr>Template:Cite book</ref>
The widespread populations show variations and several subspecies are recognized. The nominate subspecies is found in the northeastern part of peninsular India south to Hyderabad. The desert form is paler and called pallida, vernayi of the Eastern Ghats is brighter while parvula of the Western Ghats is smaller in size.<ref name=pcr/> The form in Afghanistan and Pakistan is bristoli while the form in southern Thailand is saturatior. E. C. Stuart Baker describes sclateri from the upper Chindwin to the Chin Hills and kinneari from southern Myanmar and northwest Thailand.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The population in eastern Thailand an Indochina is sakeratensis.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Distribution and habitat
The range of the rufous treepie is quite large, covering Pakistan, India and into Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand. It inhabits open forest consisting of scrub, plantations and gardens.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> In the Garhwal Himalayas, it migrates seasonally between different elevations.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Behaviour and ecology
The rufous treepie has a wide repertoire of calls, but a bob-o-link or ko-tree call is most common.<ref name=pcr/> A local name for this bird kotri is derived from the typical call while other names include Handi Chancha and taka chor (="coin thief").<ref name=hbk/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Diet
The rufous treepie is primarily an arboreal omnivore feeding on invertebrates, small reptiles and the eggs and young of birds,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> seeds,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> fruits and nectar of Bombax ceiba.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Its feeds on the fruits of Trichosanthes tricuspidata, which are toxic to mammals.<ref name=hbk>Template:Cite book</ref> It also feeds on carcass and is an agile forager, clinging and clambering through the branches and sometimes joining mixed-species feeding flocks along with species such as drongos and babblers. They are known to be a cleaning symbiont of deer, feeding on ectoparasites of sambar deer, which permit them to perch and position themselves to invite the birds to examine specific parts.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Like many other corvids, it caches food.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It is considered to be beneficial to palm cultivation in southern India due to its foraging on the grubs of the destructive weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Reproduction
The breeding season in India is April to June. In Bengal, the peak is in April and May with heightened levels of pineal gland activity and serotonin production.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It builds its shallow nest in trees and bushes and usually lays 3-5 eggs.<ref name=whistler>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Health
A blood parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma corvi<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and Babesia has been reported from this species.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Trematode parasites, Haplorchis vagabundi, have been found in their intestines.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> An acanthocephalan parasite Centrorhynchus lancea is also known.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> A species of quill mite Syringophiloidus dendrocittae is known to live in the feathers of rufous treepies.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>