Süper Lig

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Template:Short description Template:About Template:EngvarB Template:Infobox football league

The Süper Lig (Template:IPA, Super League), also known as Trendyol Süper Lig for sponsorship reasons,<ref name="TrendyolSponsor"/> is a professional association football league in Turkey and the highest level of the Turkish football league system. Eighteen teams compete, where a champion is decided and three clubs are promoted from, and another four relegated to the 1. Lig. The season runs from August to May, with each club playing 36 matches. Matches are played Friday through Monday.

Run by the Turkish Football Federation, the league succeeded the Turkish Football Championship and the National Division, both being former top-level national competitions. The Süper Lig is currently 9th in the UEFA coefficient ranking of leagues based on club performances in European competitions over the last five years. A total of 75 clubs have competed in the Süper Lig, but only 6 have won the title to date: Galatasaray (25), Fenerbahçe (19), Beşiktaş (16), Trabzonspor (7), Başakşehir (1) and Bursaspor (1).

History

Football in Turkey stems back to the late 19th century, when Englishmen brought the game with them while living in Salonica (then part of the Ottoman Empire).<ref name=beforetheleagues>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The first league competition was the Istanbul Football League, which took place in the 1904–05 season. The league went through several variations until the creation of the Millî Lig (Süper Lig) in 1959. Between the creation of the Istanbul League and Millî Lig, several other regional leagues took place: Adana (1924), Ankara (1922), Eskişehir (1924), İzmir (1924), Bursa (1924), and Trabzon (1922), to name a few. The first competition to bring forth a national champion was the former Turkish Football Championship, which began in 1924 and continued until 1951.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's top regional leagues.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The National Division (Turkish: Millî Küme) was the first national league competition in Turkey. Started in 1937, the National Division consisted of the strongest clubs from the Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir leagues. The championship lasted until 1950.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Fenerbahçe–Galatasaray match in the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium

In 1952 the TFF introduced professionalism in Turkish football.<ref name="TFF Reference">Template:Cite news</ref> As a result, the former Turkish Football Championship lost its first level status. Since there was no top-level national champion in the period from 1952 to 1955, the Turkish federation sent Galatasaray, winners of the 1955–56 Istanbul League, to the European Cup in the 1956–57 season.

Protests of some Ankara and İzmir clubs regarding this decision, as well as UEFA deciding to only accept national champions to the European Cup from that season on induced the TFF to establish the Federation Cup in 1956. It is the first professional national football league in Turkey and the predecessor to the Super League(Millî Lig). The competition took place as a knock-out tournament to decide a national champion. This champion would go on to participate in the European Cup. The competition was held for two seasons until it was replaced by the Millî Lig. Beşiktaş won both editions and qualified for the European Cup during the two-year span. However, since the TFF failed to register their name for the draw in time, Beşiktaş could not participate in the 1957–58 season after all.<ref name=federationcup1>Sivritepe, Erdinç Federation Cup 56/57 turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010</ref><ref name=federationcup2>Sivritepe, Erdinç Federation Cup 57/58 turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010</ref>

The top clubs of Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir competed in the 1959 Turkish National League. The first season took place in the calendar year of 1959, instead of 1958 to 1959, since the qualifying stages took place in 1958. The 16 clubs who competed in the first season were: Adalet (Istanbul), Altay (İzmir), Ankaragücü (Ankara), Ankara Demirspor (Ankara), Beşiktaş (Istanbul), Beykoz (Istanbul), Karagümrük (Istanbul), Fenerbahçe (Istanbul), Galatasaray (Istanbul), Gençlerbirliği (Ankara), Göztepe (İzmir), Hacettepe Gençlik (Ankara), İstanbulspor, İzmirspor, Karşıyaka (İzmir), and Vefa (Istanbul). The first champions were Fenerbahçe and the first "Gol Kralı" (top scorer) was Metin Oktay. No clubs were promoted or relegated at the end of the first season.<ref name=59millilig>Sivritepe, Erdinç 1959 Milli Lig turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010</ref>

The 2. Lig (Second League) was created at the start of the 1963–64 season and the Millî Lig became known as the 1.Lig (First League). Before the foundation of a second division, the bottom three clubs competed with regional league winners in a competition called the Baraj Games. The top three teams of the group were promoted to the Süper Lig. After the foundation of a new second division in 2001, known as the 1. Lig, the formerly titled 1. Lig was rebranded as Süper Lig.<ref name=6364lig>Sivritepe, Erdinç 1963-1964 1. Lig turkish-soccer.com, accessed 22 July 2010</ref> The Süper Lig is home of the Fenerbahçe–Galatasaray derby, the most watched football game in Turkey. It is considered to be one of the best and most intense in the world, being ranked among the greatest football rivalries of all time by various international sources.<ref name="fourfourtwo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="givemesport">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="sportskeeda">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 12 December 2023, the Turkish Football Federation suspended all league games indefinitely following an incident during a match between MKE Ankaragucu and Caykur Rizespor which involved fans being able to successfully invade the pitch and people, including recent MKE Ankaragucu president Faruk Koca, being arrested after attacking referee Halil Umut Meler.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=kocaresigns>Template:Cite news</ref> Koca would resign from MKE Ankaragucu as well.<ref name=kocaresigns /> However, on 13 December, the same day Meler was discharged from the hospital it was soon agreed that Super Lig matches would resume on 19 December.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Format

The Süper Lig championship trophy, used from 2014–15 until 2023–24 (except for centennial version during the 2022–23 season)

There were 18 clubs in the Süper Lig until 2020. 20 Clubs are competing in the Süper Lig starting from 2020. During the course of the season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then head-to-head record, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion. If points are equal, the head-to-head record and then goal difference determine the winner. The three lowest placed teams are relegated to the 1. Lig and the top two teams from the 1. Lig, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to seventh placed 1. Lig clubs are promoted in their place.<ref>Official TFF competition rules Template:Webarchive</ref>

  • 16 clubs: 1959
  • 20 clubs: 1959–1962
  • 22 clubs: 1962–1963
  • 18 clubs: 1963–1964
  • 16 clubs: 1964–1966
  • 17 clubs: 1966–1968
  • 16 clubs: 1968–1981
  • 17 clubs: 1981–1982
  • 18 clubs: 1982–1985
  • 19 clubs: 1985–1987
  • 20 clubs: 1987–1988
  • 19 clubs: 1988–1989
  • 18 clubs: 1989–1990
  • 16 clubs: 1990–1994
  • 18 clubs: 1994–2020Template:Citation needed
  • 21 clubs: 2020–2021<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 20 clubs: 2021–2022
  • 19 clubs: 2022–2023
  • 20 clubs: 2023–2024<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 19 clubs: 2024–2025<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • 18 clubs: 2025–present<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Qualification for European competitions

The champions and runners-up qualify for the second qualifying round of the Champions League. The third place and the Turkish Cup winners qualify for the second qualifying round of the Europa Conference League. If the Turkish Cup winner has already qualified for European competition through their league finish, then the team that finishes fourth in the league takes their place.

Media coverage

Domestic

2016–2021: Record deal with beIN Sports

On 28 November 2016 Qatari media group beIN (owner of Digiturk since 2015) won a 5-year deal to become the TV tender of the Süper Lig. They won the rights with a record offer worth $500M per season. Digiturk continued to offer the sports content with beIN’s support.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Before the start of the 2019–20 season, due to the wild fluctuations in value of the Turkish lira, beIN seek to renegotiate the fees for the upcoming season. The broadcaster settled on a $410 million agreement with the TFF.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 18 November 2020, after originally signing a deal (in 2016) where the annual fees were split evenly between Turkish lira and US dollars, the wild fluctuations in value of the Turkish lira saw beIN seek to renegotiate the fees for the Süper Lig. The new reduced fee (₺2.65 billion/$340 million) had to be paid exclusively in Turkish lira, and took into account the financial realities of the COVID-19 crisis. Despite a drop in overall value, the Süper Lig’s TV rights income remained the sixth highest in Europe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Due to the several negotiations and currency fluctuations, the 2021–22 season's deal was decreased to $215 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2022–2024: new two year deal with beIN

On 24 June 2022 TFF and beIN agreed a new two-year deal of the TV rights for an annual deal of ₺2.2 billion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2024–2027: contract renewal

On 2 March 2024 Turkish Football Federation stated that Qatari media group beIN has renewed its rights to broadcast Turkey's top flight matches for three more years, until 2027.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> beIN will pay $182 million-a-year to broadcast Turkey's Süper Lig and TFF First League.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As such, Süper Lig becomes the 6th most valuable football league after the Big Five leagues in Europe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

International

Template:Expand section

UEFA ranking

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}Template:As of<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Süper Lig ranks 9th in UEFA Country Rankings 2024. The league made a big breakthrough in the early 90s and became one of the most valuable leagues in Europe. Süper Lig achieved the best ranking in its history in 2001 by rising to 7th place. In 1982, the league dropped to 28th place, achieving the worst ranking in its history.

Ranking Member association Coefficient
2023 2024 Template:Abbr 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24 Total
8 8 – Template:Flagicon Belgian Pro League 7.600 6.000 6.600 14.200 14.200 48.600
12 9 Template:Rise +3 Template:Flagicon Turkish Süper Lig 5.000 3.100 6.700 11.800 12.000 38.600
15 10 Template:Rise +5 Template:Flagicon Czech First League 2.500 6.600 6.700 6.750 13.500 36.050
citation
CitationClass=web

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1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
Template:Same position 18 Template:Decrease 19 Template:Decrease 20 Template:Rise 19 Template:Rise 15 Template:Decrease 18 Template:Decrease 19 Template:Decrease 21 Template:Same position 21 Template:Decrease 22
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Template:Rise 18 Template:Decrease 19 Template:Rise 17 Template:Decrease 18 Template:Decrease 19 Template:Decrease 23 Template:Same position 23 Template:Same position 23 Template:Rise 22 Template:Decrease 23
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Template:Decrease 25 Template:Same position 25 Template:Decrease 28 Template:Rise 27 Template:Rise 26 Template:Decrease 27 Template:Rise 26 Template:Rise 24 Template:Decrease 26 Template:Rise 24
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Template:Same position 24 Template:Rise 23 Template:Rise 18 Template:Rise 13 Template:Rise 12 Template:Rise 10 Template:Decrease 11 Template:Rise 8 Template:Decrease 14 Template:Same position 14
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Template:Rise 11 Template:Rise 7 Template:Decrease 8 Template:Decrease 10 Template:Same position 10 Template:Decrease 11 Template:Decrease 15 Template:Rise 14 Template:Rise 11 Template:Same position 11
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Template:Same position 11 Template:Rise 10 Template:Decrease 11 Template:Rise 10 Template:Decrease 11 Template:Decrease 12 Template:Rise 11 Template:Rise 10 Template:Same position 10 Template:Same position 10
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Template:Decrease 11 Template:Decrease 13 Template:Decrease 20 Template:Rise 12 Template:Rise 9

Clubs

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Stadiums and locations

Template:Location map+

Template:Location map+

Team Home city/borough Home province Stadium Capacity
Alanyaspor Alanya Antalya Alanya Oba Stadium 9,789
Antalyaspor Antalya Corendon Airlines Park 29,307
Başakşehir Başakşehir Istanbul Fatih Terim Stadium 17,067
Beşiktaş Beşiktaş Tüpraş Stadium 42,445
Eyüpspor Eyüpsultan Pendik Stadium 4,505
Fatih Karagümrük Fatih Atatürk Olympic Stadium 77,563
Fenerbahçe Kadıköy Chobani Stadium 47,430
Galatasaray Sarıyer Rams Park 53,978
Kasımpaşa Kasımpaşa Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium 13,797
Gaziantep Gaziantep Gaziantep Gaziantep Stadium 30,320
Gençlerbirliği Yenimahalle Ankara Eryaman Stadium 20,000
Göztepe Göztepe İzmir Gürsel Aksel Stadium 20,756
Kayserispor Kayseri Kayseri RHG Enertürk Enerji Stadium 32,856
Kocaelispor İzmit Kocaeli Kocaeli Stadium 34,829
Konyaspor Konya Konya Konya Metropolitan Municipality Stadium 41,600
Rizespor Rize Rize Rize City Stadium 14,850
Samsunspor Samsun Samsun Samsun 19 Mayıs Stadium 33,303
Trabzonspor Trabzon Trabzon Papara Park 40,980

Template:Reflist

Champions

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Only six clubs have been champions since the introduction of the Super League: Galatasaray 25 times, Fenerbahçe 19 times, Beşiktaş 16 times (see note below), Trabzonspor 7 times, and Bursaspor and Başakşehir once each.

Teams in bold compete in the Süper Lig as of the 2024–25 season.

Club ChampTemplate:Shyions<ref name="List of Champions">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

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Runners-up Winning seasons Runners-up seasons
Template:Br list 25 13 1961–62, 1962–63, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25 1956–571, 1957–581, 1959, 1960–61, 1965–66, 1974–75, 1978–79, 1985–86, 1990–91, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2013–14, 2020–21
Template:Br list 19 26 1959, 1960–61, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1977–78, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1988–89, 1995–96, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2010–11, 2013–14 1959–60, 1961–62, 1966–67, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1979–80, 1983–84, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25
Beşiktaş Template:Nowrap 16 14 1956–571, 1957–581, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1981–82, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1994–95, 2002–03, 2008–09, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2020–21 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1973–74, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–93, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2006–07
Template:Br list 7 9 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1983–84, 2021–22 1977–78, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2010–11, 2019–20
Başakşehir 1 2 2019–20 2016–17, 2018–19
Bursaspor 1 — 2009–10

1 Beşiktaş formally requested that championships won in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 editions of the Turkish Federation Cup be counted as Turkish Professional First Division championships to the Turkish Football Federation. The Cup was established in 1956 to find a national champion to represent Turkey, after UEFA decided that only national champions could participate in the European Cup.<ref name="RSSSF">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Beşiktaş had therefore earned the right to represent Turkey in the European Cup in the 1957–58 and 1958–59 seasons.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The ruling on this matter was announced in a press release on 25 March 2002, which indicated that the championships won by Beşiktaş in the Federation Cup would be counted as national league championships.

Star rating system

The honor of Golden Stars was introduced in football to recognize sides that have won multiple championships or other honours by the display of gold stars on their team badges and jerseys. In Turkey, clubs are permitted to place a golden star above their crest for every five national championships won. As of the 2024–25 season, Galatasaray are permitted five golden stars, Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş are permitted three golden stars, and Trabzonspor are permitted one golden star to be placed above their crest on their jerseys.

League participation

As of 2025, 77 clubs have participated. Note: The tallies below include up to the 2024–25 season. Teams denoted in bold are current participants.

Template:Div col

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Player records

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

Most goals

Template:See also

Rank Player citation CitationClass=web

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1 Hakan Şükür 249 489 0.51
2 Tanju Çolak 240 282 0.85
3 Hami Mandıralı 219 476 0.46
4 Metin Oktay 217 258 0.84
5 Aykut Kocaman 200 360 0.58
6 Feyyaz Uçar 191 376 0.51
7 Burak Yılmaz 188 327 0.57
8 Serkan Aykut 188 336 0.56
9 Umut Bulut 163 515 0.31
10 Fevzi Zemzem 146 305 0.48

As of 15 May 2021

Template:Col-break

Most appearances

Template:See also

Rank Player Apps<ref name="mackolik.com"/> Years
1 Umut Bulut 515 1999–2011, 2012–2021
2 Oğuz Çetin 503 1981–2000
3 Rıza Çalımbay 494 1980–1996
4 Hakan Şükür 489 1987–2000, 2003–2008
5 Hami Mandıralı 476 1984–1998, 1999–2003
6 Kemal Yıldırım 475 1976–1995
7 Mehmet Nas 447 1997–2014
8 Fernando Muslera 443 2011–2025
9 Recep Çetin 437 1984–2001
10 Müjdat Yetkiner 429 1979–1995

As of 30 May 2025

Template:Col-end

  • Bold denotes players still active in the league.
  • All players are Turkish unless otherwise indicated.

Sponsorship

Period Sponsor Brand
1959–1989 No sponsor National League (Template:Langx)
1989–2000 No sponsor Template:Lang
2000–2005 No sponsor Template:Lang
2005–2010 Turkcell citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

2010–2017 Spor Toto citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

2017–2018 No sponsor Süper Lig
2018–2019 Spor Toto citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

2019–2021 No sponsor Süper Lig
2021–2023 Spor Toto Spor Toto Süper Lig<ref name="SuperLigArchive"/>
Template:Nowrap Trendyol citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Official match ball

  • 2008–2010: Nike T90 Omni
  • 2010–2011: Nike T90 Tracer
  • 2011–2012: Nike Seitiro
  • 2012–2013: Nike Maxim
  • 2013–2014: Nike Incyte
  • 2014–2015: Nike Ordem 2
  • 2015–2016: Nike Ordem 3
  • 2016–2017: Nike Ordem 4
  • 2017–2018: Nike Ordem 5
  • 2018–2020: Nike Merlin
  • 2020–2021: Adidas Uniforia
  • 2021–2022: Adidas Conext 21 Pro
  • 2022–2025: Puma Orbita
  • 2025–2028: Adidas Tiro

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Sister project

Template:Süper Lig Template:Turkish Super League topscorers Template:Football in Turkey Template:Top sport leagues in Turkey Template:UEFA leagues Template:Use dmy dates

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