STS-69
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox spaceflight STS-69 was a Space Shuttle Endeavour mission, and the second flight of the Wake Shield Facility (WSF).<ref name="69-archive">Template:Cite web</ref> The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on 7 September 1995.
Crew
Spacewalks
- EVA 1 – Voss and Gernhardt<ref name="ssmr">Template:Cite web</ref>
- EVA 1 Start: 16 September 1995 – 08:20 UTC
- EVA 1 End: 16 September 1995 – 15:06 UTC
- Duration: 6 hours, 46 minutes
Crew seat assignments
| Seat<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | Launch | Landing |  Seats 1–4 are on the flight deck. Seats 5–7 are on the mid-deck. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Walker | ||
| 2 | Cockrell | ||
| 3 | Voss | Gernhardt | |
| 4 | Newman | ||
| 5 | Gernhardt | Voss | |
| 6 | Unused | ||
| 7 | Unused | ||
Mission highlights
Template:LaunchAttempt The 11-day mission was the second flight of the Wake Shield Facility (WSF), a saucer-shaped satellite that was to fly free of the Shuttle for several days. The purpose of the WSF was to grow thin films in a near perfect vacuum created by the wake of the satellite as it moved through space.<ref name="ssmr" /> The crew also deployed and retrieved the Spartan 201 astronomy satellite, performed a six-hour spacewalk to test assembly techniques for the international Space Station and tested thermal improvements made to spacesuits used during space walks.
The Spartan 201 free-flyer made its third flight aboard the Shuttle. The Spartan 201 mission was a scientific research effort aimed at the investigation of the interaction between the Sun and its outflowing wind of charged particles. Spartan's goal was to study the outer atmosphere of the Sun and its transition into the solar wind that constantly flows past the Earth.<ref name="csr962">Template:Cite web</ref>
STS-69 saw the first flight of the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH-1), the first of five planned flights to measure and monitor long-term variations in the magnitude of absolute extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux coming from the Sun, and to study EUV emissions from the plasma torus system around Jupiter originating from its moon Io.<ref name="69-archive" />
Also aboard Endeavour were the combined Capillary Pumped Loop-2<ref name="cplreport">Template:Cite web</ref>/Gas Bridge Assembly<ref name="CPL3report">Template:Cite web</ref> (CAPL-2/GBA) payload. This experiment consisted of the CAPL-2 Hitchhiker payload designed as an in-orbit microgravity demonstration of a cooling system planned for the Earth Observing System Program and the Thermal Energy Storage-2 payload, part of an effort to develop advanced energy generation techniques. Also a part of this payload were several Getaway Special (GAS) experiments which investigated areas such as the interaction of spacecraft attitude and orbit control systems with spacecraft structures, fluid-filled beams as structural dampers in space and the effects of smoldering combustion in a long-term microgravity environment.
Another payload flown with a connection to the development of the Space Station was the Electrolysis Performance Improvement Concept Study (EPICS). Supply of oxygen and hydrogen by electrolyzing water in space plays an important role in meeting NASA's needs and goals for future space missions. On-board generation of oxygen was expected to reduce the annual resupply requirement for the Space Station by approximately Template:Convert.
Other payloads aboard were the National Institutes of Health- Cells-4 (NIH-C4) experiment that investigates bone loss during space flight; the Biological Research in Canister-6 (BRIC-6) that studies the gravity-sensing mechanism within mammalian cells. Also flying were two commercial experiments. (CMIX-4) whose objectives included analysis of cell change in microgravity along with studies of neuro-muscular development disorders and the Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus-7 (CGBA-7). CGBA was a secondary payload that served as an incubator and data collection point for experiments in pharmaceuticals testing and biomedicine, bioprocessing and biotechnology, agriculture and the environment.<ref name="lsda-69">Template:Cite web</ref>
The Thermal Energy Storage (TES-2) experiment was also part of the CAPL-2/GBA-6. The TES-2 payload was designed to provide data for understanding the long-duration behavior of thermal energy storage fluoride salts that undergo repeated melting and freezing in microgravity. The TES-2 payload was designed to study the microgravity behavior of voids in lithium fluoride–calcium fluoride eutectic, a thermal energy storage salt. Data from this experiment would validate a computer code called TESSIM,<ref name="rnt95">Template:Cite web</ref> useful for the analysis of heat receivers in advanced solar dynamic power system designs.
See also
References
External links
Template:Space Shuttle Endeavour Template:All U.S. Space Shuttle Missions Template:Orbital launches in 1995