Salchow jump

Template:Short description Template:Infobox Figure Skating Element

The Salchow jump is an edge jump in figure skating. It was named after its inventor, Ulrich Salchow, in 1909. The Salchow is accomplished with a takeoff from the back inside edge of one foot and a landing on the back outside edge of the opposite foot. It is "usually the first jump that skaters learn to double, and the first or second to triple".Template:Sfn Timing is critical because both the takeoff and landing must be on the backward edge. A Salchow is deemed cheated if the skate blade starts to turn forward before the takeoff, or if it has not turned completely backward when the skater lands back on the ice.Template:Sfn

In competitions, the base value of a single Salchow is 0.40, for a double Salchow it is 1.30, for a triple 4.30, 9.70 for a quadruple, and 14 for a quintuple.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

File:1908 Olympic Games Ulrich Salchow.jpg

Ulrich Salchow, inventor of the Salchow jump

The Salchow jump was named after its inventor, Swedish world champion Ulrich Salchow in 1909.<ref name="mediaguide-20">Media Guide, p. 20</ref>Template:Sfn American skater Theresa Weld "received reprimands" at the 1920 Olympics "for performing a single Salchow jump because her skirt would fly up to her knees, creating an image deemed too risque".Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Firsts

Abbr.	Jump element	Skater	Nation	Event	Template:Abbr
2S	Double Salchow (women's)	Template:Sortname	Template:Flagcountry	1936 European Championships	Template:Sfn
3S	Triple Salchow (men's)	Template:Sortname	Template:Flagcountry	1955 World Championships	<ref name="mediaguide-21">Media Guide, p. 21</ref>
	Triple Salchow (women's)	Template:Sortname	Template:Flagcountry	1962 Canadian Championships 1965 World Championships	<ref name="mediaguide-21" />Template:Efn
		Template:Sortname	Template:Flagcountry	1961 European Championships	<ref name="mediaguide-21" />
		Template:Sortname	Template:Flagcountry	1961 European Championships	<ref name="mediaguide-21" />
4S	Quadruple Salchow (men's)	Template:Sortname	Template:Flagcountry	1997–98 Junior Grand Prix Final	<ref name="mediaguide-21" />
4S	Quadruple Salchow (women's)	Template:Sortname	Template:Flagcountry	2002–03 Junior Grand Prix Final	<ref name="mediaguide-21" />

File:Miki Ando 2009 Worlds.jpg

Japanese figure skater Miki Ando (2009)

Execution

As defined by the ISU, the Salchow jump is an edge jump. Its takeoff is made from the back inside edge of one foot, and its landing is made on the back outside edge of the opposite foot.<ref name="mediaguide-20" /> The skater enters into the jump with a backward approach, launches it using their inside edge, and lands on the opposite outside edge.<ref name="park">Template:Cite news</ref> The free leg is extended behind the skater and swings toward the front as they spring into the air while, at the same time, drawing their arms in.<ref name="usfsjumps">Template:Cite web</ref> Skaters do not have to draw in their arms or free leg close to their bodies while performing the single Salchow because bringing the free side of their bodies forward and around the opposite side of their bodies after they turn towards the back is enough to produce the necessary rotation.Template:Sfn

The rotation in the air, with respect to a fixed point, is slightly less than 360 degrees because the takeoff edge curves in the same direction as the rotation in the air. When a skater pulls the arms into their body and/or brings their free leg inward, more rotations can be performed; for this reason, the Salchow is "usually the first jump that skaters learn to double, and the first or second to triple".Template:Sfn As U.S. Figure Skating states, however, "timing is critical"<ref name="usfsjumps"/> with the execution of the Salchow because both the takeoff and landing must be on the backward edge.