Salt pan (geology)
Template:Short description Template:About
.jpg)
Natural salt pans or salt flats are flat expanses of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. They are found in deserts and are natural formations (unlike salt evaporation ponds, which are artificial).
A salt pan forms by evaporation of a water pool, such as a lake or pond. This happens in climates where the rate of water evaporation exceeds the rate of Template:NowrapTemplate:Tspthat is, in a desert. If the water cannot drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind minerals precipitated from the salt ions dissolved in the water. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> These minerals reflect the sun's rays and often appear as white areas.
Salt pans can be dangerous. The crust of salt can conceal a quagmire of mud that can engulf a truck. The Qattara Depression in the eastern Sahara Desert contains many such traps which served as strategic barriers during World War II.<ref>Jorgensen, C. (2003). Rommel's panzers: Rommel and the Panzer forces of the Blitzkrieg, 1940-1942 (pp. 78–79). St. Paul, MN: MBI.</ref>
Examples
The Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, where many land speed records have been set, are a well-known salt pan in the arid regions of the western United States.
The Etosha pan, in the Etosha National Park in Namibia, is another prominent example of a salt pan.
The Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia is the largest salt pan in the world. As of 2024, with an estimated 23 million tons, Bolivia holds about 22% of the world's known lithium resources (105 million tons); most of those are in the Salar de Uyuni.<ref>Template:Cite news (other Lithium statistics from USGS)</ref> The large area, clear skies, and exceptional flatness of the surface make the Salar an ideal object for calibrating the altimeters of Earth observation satellites.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=ieee>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Parts of Rann of Kutch (India) are salt marsh in the wet season and salt pan in the dry season.<ref name="CNN2018">Template:Cite web</ref>
Salt flats can also be found in Kenya. A place called Chalbi Desert in North Horr Sub County, Marsabit County in Kenya. In the language of the Gabra people, "Chalbi" means "bare, salty area".<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref>
See also
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link – relief occurring in the deserts of Central Asia,