Samuel Galton Jr.
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox person Samuel John Galton Jr. FRS (18 June 1753 – 19 June 1832) was an English arms manufacturer.<ref name=":0" /> He was born in Duddeston, Birmingham, England, into a Quaker family. He would go on to join his father's gun manufacturing company.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> He was a member of the Lunar Society in December of 1785 and lived at Great Barr Hall, one of the meeting places for the Lunar Society.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite journal</ref> He also built a house at Warley Woods, and commissioned Humphry Repton to lay out its grounds.<ref name="EH-1001301">Template:NHLE</ref>
Family life
Galton married Lucy Barclay (1757–1817), the daughter of Robert Barclay Allardice, MP, 5th of Ury.<ref name=":02">Template:Cite book</ref> They would go on to have eight children together. His first born was Mary Anne Galton (1778–1856) who was a writer in the anti-slavery movement. She would marry Lambert Schimmelpenninck in 1806. Galton's second child was Sophia Galton who would go on to marry Charles Brewin. His first son, Samuel Tertius Galton (1783–1844) would also become a member of the Lunar Society.<ref name=":02" /> He would end the family arms business in 1815.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite web</ref> He married Violetta Darwin in 1807 and had a son named Francis Galton (1822–1911) who would go on to be a famous proponent of eugenics.<ref name=":3" />
Galton had another son, Theodore Galton (1784–1810), although not much is known about him. His next child was Adele Galton (1784–1869) who would go on to marry John Kaye Booth, MD, in 1827.<ref name=":32">Template:Cite web</ref> Next would come Hubert John Barclay Galton (1789–1864), followed by Ewen Cameron Galton (1791–1800) who died at the age of 9.<ref name=":03">Template:Cite book</ref> His last child was John Howard Galton who married Isabelle Strutt. They had a son named Douglas Galton (1822–1899) who became one of the royal engineers.<ref name=":03" />
Galton was a lover of animals and even owned many bloodhounds.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> He loved birds as well, publishing three book volumes about them.<ref name=":0" />
Galton owned Template:Convert of land at Westhay Moor, Somerset, which he had drained, by constructing Galton's Canal.<ref name="JRASoE">Template:Cite journal</ref>
The Lunar Society
Samuel Galton joined the Lunar Society in December of 1785.<ref name=":22">Template:Cite journal</ref> Galton would join the Lunar Society as an in-person replacement for Erasmus Darwin, who remarried and moved away.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref> He would be one of the fourteen members to be active during the height of the society.<ref name=":1" /> One reason for his inclusion into the Society was his love for statistics and data and his tendency to compare datasets.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Galton also had a great love for natural history, one of the subjects taught in Quaker schools.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite web</ref> This, compounded with his love for animals, lead him to write many natural history books on them. His first set was The Natural History of Birds: containing a variety of facts ... for the amusement and instruction of children. This was a three-volume set of books intended for the education of children, specifically at first for his children.<ref name=":4" /> These were also the first natural history books written with the intent for children to be the primary readers.<ref name=":4" />
Galton would have one more book project intended for younger audiences, and in 1801, The Natural History of Quadrupeds; including all the Linnaean class of mammalia...For the instruction of young persons was published.<ref name=":42">Template:Cite web</ref> However, only one complete copy of this work exists in world libraries, specifically the Baldwin Library in the University of Florida.<ref name=":42" />
During his time with the Lunar Society, Galton was known as a careful experimenter and a very original man.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite book</ref> Some his notable experiments were that of color mixing, which he would publish on August 1, 1799 in Monthly Magazine.<ref name=":5" /> Galton also showed interest in canals, publishing a paper on them called On Canal Levels in 1817.<ref name=":5" /> This was for commercial reasons though, as Galton put those before scientific ones more times than not, leading to not many of his contributions being well known or published.<ref name=":5" />
His family, many of which were members of the society, are remembered by the Moonstones in Birmingham and a tower block in the center of that city.
Galton's gun manufacturing
Galton was condemned by the Quakers for manufacturing guns, as they believed it was against their pacifist values. His defense stated that since Britain was in a constant state of war, it was his duty as a citizen of his country to contribute through its massive industrial complex.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>