San Leon, Texas
Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox settlement San Leon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Galveston County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,135 at the 2020 census.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
History
During the early 19th century, the pirate Jean Lafitte, who ruled Galveston Island, established a stronghold at Eagle Point in modern San Leon.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Eagle Point went on to become an important shipping and trading post for slaves. A community was established, known as Edward's Point and later North Galveston. When the North Galveston, Houston, and Kansas City Railroad was built through the area in 1893, the town began to develop as a commercial center. However, following the hurricanes in 1900 and 1915, the town was devastated and never able to fully recover. Attempts were made in the early 20th century to establish a resort community in the area, but these efforts met with only modest success. Growth and development since this time have been relatively stagnant.<ref name="HOT: San Leon">Template:Handbook of Texas</ref>
The San Leon Municipal Utility District (MUD) was created by an Act of the 1965 Texas Legislature with all the powers of a Texas Conservation and Reclamation District, a Municipal Corporation and a Water Control and Improvement District (WCID).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In April 1985, residents of San Leon, Bacliff and Bayview considered an incorporation proposal to become the City of Bayshore. Judge Ray Holbrook signed an order for the election to take place on April 6, 1985, freeing the area, which had a population of 11,000, from the extraterritorial jurisdiction of League City and Texas City.<ref>"Residents of 3 Galveston County areas will vote on incorporation." Houston Chronicle. Tuesday March 19, 1985. Section 1, Page 13.</ref> Residents rejected the incorporation proposal.<ref name="Elecforincor">"Election for incorporation called in Bacliff, Bayview." Houston Chronicle. Sunday July 6, 1986. Section 3, Page 5.</ref><ref name="SETexElec">"Results of municipal elections in Southeast Texas." Houston Chronicle. Monday April 8, 1985. Section 1, Page 10.</ref> The vote was tallied with 1,268 against and 399 in favor. Proponents wanted a local police force and the ability to pass ordinances. Opponents said that the tax base was too small to support municipal services including police and road and drainage improvements.<ref name="SETexElec"/>
San Leon was not in a 1986 proposal to incorporate that included Bacliff and Bayview. Donna Maples, vice president of the Bacliff - Bayview Community Association, said that historically, San Leon had generated most of the opposition to incorporation proposals. She said, "In the past, San Leon has shown it is not interested in incorporation. So this time we decided not to include them. They don't have as much in common as we do."<ref name=Tooheyconsider>Toohey, Mark. "Bacliff, Bayview voters consider incorporation." Houston Chronicle. Available at NewsBank, Record Number HSC0706250286. "Most of the 3.6 square mile area is east of Texas 146 along Galveston Bay. It has a population of 7,000. "</ref>
On April 23, 1991, the community, and other areas of Galveston County, received an enhanced 9-1-1 system which routes calls to proper dispatchers and allows dispatchers to automatically view the address of the caller.<ref>"News briefs." Houston Chronicle. Tuesday April 23, 1991. A14.</ref> On September 13, 2008, San Leon, TX received extensive damage from Hurricane Ike.Template:Citation needed
In 2000, there were 4,365 people organized into 1,815 households.<ref name=FergusonBacliffSanLeoninc>Template:Cite web</ref> That year, Bacliff and San Leon formed a nine-member board to prepare the communities for incorporation. At that time, Bacliff and San Leon had a combined population of 10,000.<ref>Christian, Carol. "Towns elect board, eye incorporation - San Leon, Bacliff may become one." Houston Chronicle. Sunday, May 21, 2000. Section A p. 37. Available at NewsBank Record Number 3216149.</ref> The board was to have three members from the Bacliff area, three members from the San Leon area, and three at-large members. It was prompted after the City of Texas City suddenly annexed several commercial parcels along Texas State Highway 146 between Kemah and Dickinson Bayou in 2000. The board hoped to convince Texas City to reverse the annexation.<ref>Moran, Kevin. "Bay-area residents seek new village status." Houston Chronicle. Tuesday May 16, 2000. Section A A p. 17 MetFront. Available on NewsBank Record Number: 3214981.</ref>
In 2012, the P.H. Robinson electric generation plant formerly operated by Texas Genco, located in the area, was demolished.<ref>Aulds, T. J. "Power Plant Demolition." Galveston County Daily News. February 12, 2012. Retrieved on October 18, 2012.</ref>
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert, or 5.61%, is covered by water.
The Bacliff, San Leon, and Bayview communities form the "Bayshore" area.<ref name=Evansfigures>Evans, Thayer. "Crime numbers go down - Figures drop 26.4 percent in unincorporated Galveston County." Houston Chronicle. Thursday February 3, 2005. ThisWeek p. 1. "Other unincorporated areas are along Texas 6 outside Hitchcock and Santa Fe and in the Bayshore area, which includes Bacliff, Bayview and San Leon." Available at NewsBank Record Number: 3841079.</ref>
Shore erosion had affected San Leon. Avenue A was built along the north shore. By 1997, it was no longer contiguous because portions had been destroyed by erosion.<ref>Burtman, Bob. "Besieged by the Bay." Houston Press. Thursday June 26, 1997. p. 5. Retrieved on May 12, 2013.</ref>
Effective August 15, 2019 Galveston County Commissioners Court approved revised Federal Emergency Management Agency flood plain maps which categorized the vast majority of San Leon as being at high risk from floods.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Demographics
San Leon first appeared as a census designated place in the 1980 United States census.<ref name=1980CensusTX/>
2020 census
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>Template:Cite web</ref> | Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> | Template:Partial<ref name=2020CensusP2>Template:Cite web</ref> | % 2000 | % 2010 | Template:Partial |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 3,270 | 3,408 | 3,504 | 74.91% | 68.57% | 57.11% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 35 | 35 | 109 | 0.80% | 0.70% | 1.78% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 33 | 35 | 27 | 0.76% | 0.70% | 0.44% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 327 | 281 | 164 | 7.49% | 5.65% | 2.67% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.07% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 8 | 1 | 18 | 0.18% | 0.02% | 0.29% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 62 | 54 | 239 | 1.42% | 1.09% | 3.90% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 627 | 1,156 | 2,074 | 14.36% | 23.26% | 33.81% |
| Total | 4,365 | 4,970 | 6,135 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,135 people, 2,276 households, and 1,649 families residing in the CDP.
2010 census
As of the census<ref name="Census 2010">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2010, 4,970 people, 1,815 households, and 1,121 families resided in the CDP. The population density was Template:Convert. The 2,293 housing units averaged 469.7 per square mile (181.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 80.41% White, 0.80% African American, 0.82% Native American, 7.61% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 8.27% from other races, and 1.97% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 14.36% of the population.
Of the 1,815 households, 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% were not families. About 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.8 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,687, and for a family was $40,656. Males had a median income of $32,574 versus $25,526 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,422. About 14.8% of families and 19.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.5% of those under age 18 and 2.3% of those age 65 or over.
As of 1986, the community is primarily residential. During weekends and summer, many people stayed in their cottages and small houses.<ref name="Tooheyconsider"/>
As of 2012, San Leon, Bayview, and Bacliff together make up the largest unincorporated community in the mainland portion of Galveston County by population.<ref name=Auldsfishing>Aulds, T. J. "Fishing a Big Part of San Leon Bacliff Bayshore." The Galveston County Daily News. The Galveston County Daily News, 22 Apr. 2012. Web. 05 May 2013.</ref> As of July 2019 the San Leon CDP included 2632 single family residences, 14 multi-family residences and 2116 vacant lots which provided a tax base of $369,924,758.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
In 2008, Phale Cassady Le, an outreach coordinator of Boat People SOS Houston, said that in San Leon and Bacliff, between 150 and 200 Vietnamese families were involved with crab-, oyster-, and shrimp-fishing operations.<ref name=Cenegy>Cenegy, Nick. "Ike ripped Vietnamese fishing community." The Galveston County Daily News. Sunday November 22, 2009. Retrieved on May 5, 2013. "In San Leon and Bacliff, there are between 150 and 200 Vietnamese families in a tightly woven community with all lines leading back to oyster, crab and shrimp fishing, said Phale Cassady Le, an outreach coordinator with Boat People SOS Houston." and "Phale said as much as 90 percent of the 1,600 clients they have served since the group began its work earlier this year have been Vietnamese." and "Part of what makes that particular community's situation so tough is its tradition of self-reliance and wariness of outsiders. Fishing boats often are built by hand over many years as fishermen scrape up enough money, Van Horn Nguyen, a San Leon-area boat owner and fisherman, said." and "Most of the Vietnamese don't have home or boat insurance of any kind, and many aren't versed in English well enough to interpret the documents if they did, Phale said. The group's lawyers have reviewed cases where people thought they were insured but found the policies had ridiculous exclusions, like not covering water damage, she said."</ref> According to Le, most of the Vietnamese have no house or boat insurance, and even if they did have this insurance, their English is not well developed enough to read the terms of the policies.<ref name=Cenegy/> Many families had hand-made boats that were constructed over several years as the owner made more and more money. Nick Cenegy of The Galveston County Daily News said that the Vietnamese community in San Leon and Bacliff had a "tradition of self-reliance and wariness of outsiders."<ref name=Cenegy/>
In 2017 there were 4,890 people organized into 2,036 households.<ref name=FergusonBacliffSanLeoninc/>
Economy
The most significant sector of the community's economy is oyster and shrimp fishing. Many homes in the community are second homes used as summer residences.<ref name="HOT: San Leon"/> Like Bacliff and Bayview, many residents in San Leon commute to work in Houston.<ref>Kearney, p. 224. "Many Houstonians buy property in Bayview, Bacliff, and San Leon, and commute to work in Houston."</ref>
Government
San Leon CDP is located within Galveston County Precinct 1 and is represented in Galveston County Commissioners Court by the Honorable Darrell A. Apffel who was elected November 8, 2016.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> San Leon voters reside within Galveston County Voting Precinct 151.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Education
San Leon students are zoned to schools in the Dickinson Independent School District.
San Leon Elementary School opened in the beginning of the 2007–2008 school year, and serves residents from kindergarten through fourth grade.
Barber Middle School in Dickinson serves the fifth and sixth grades.<ref>Meyers, Rhiannon. "Changes awaiting students this year Template:Webarchive." Galveston County Daily News. August 24, 2008.</ref> McAdams Junior High School in Dickinson serves grades 7 and 8. Students are zoned to Dickinson High School for grades 9 through 12.
Infrastructure
The San Leon Water Control and Improvement District (WCID) provides water services.<ref>"San Leon Municipal Utility District providing water, sewer service to San Leon Texas:." San Leon Municipal Utility District. Retrieved on December 9, 2008.</ref> The political entity San Leon MUD (WCID) was organized in 1965 and is regulated by the state of Texas as a Water Control and Improvement District (WCID).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
The San Leon Post Office was damaged and not replaced after Hurricane Ike in 2008.Template:Citation needed
In February 2025 the WCID cancelled its fire services contract with the San Leon VFD due to failure by the VFD to provide its 2023 audited financial report.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
References
Further reading
- Kearney, Sid. A Marmac Guide to Houston and Galveston: 6th Edition. Pelican Publishing, March 1, 2009. Template:ISBN, 9781455608508.
External links
Template:Galveston Bay Area Template:Galveston County, Texas