Santa Sangre

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Missing information Template:Infobox film Santa Sangre (Template:IPA, 'Holy Blood') is a 1989 surrealist psychological horror film directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky and written by Jodorowsky along with Claudio Argento and Roberto Leoni. It stars Axel Jodorowsky, Adán Jodorowsky, Teo Jodorowsky, Blanca Guerra, Thelma Tixou, and Guy Stockwell. An international co-production of Mexico and Italy, the film is set in Mexico, and tells the story of Fénix, a boy who grew up in a circus and his struggle with childhood trauma. It is included in Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time.

Plot

A naked man, Fénix, clings to a tree trunk in a cell at a mental asylum. A doctor and nurses coax him from his perch using a raw fish, which he starts to eat. As they dress him in coveralls, a tattoo of a phoenix on his chest is made visible.

Years ago, Fénix was a child magician in a Mexican circus, Circo del Gringo, run by his father Orgo, a knife-thrower, and his mother Concha, an aerialist. The circus includes a tattooed lady who performs with Orgo, her adopted daughter Alma (a deaf-mute mime and tightrope walker whom Fénix loves), Fénix's dwarf friend Aladin, a troupe of clowns and an elephant. Orgo flirts publicly with the tattooed lady.

Concha also leads a Folk Catholic cult whose patron saint is a girl who was raped and had her arms cut off.Template:Efn Their church is about to be razed at the behest of the landowner, but the followers make a last stand against police and bulldozers. A Monsignor arrives to resolve the conflict, but he decides the temple is sacrilegious and leaves in disgust, so the demolition proceeds. Fénix leads Concha back to the circus, where she discovers Orgo's affair, but Orgo hypnotizes Concha and rapes her.

The circus elephant dies, much to Fénix's grief. It is paraded through the city inside a giant casket, which is dropped into the city dump. Hundreds of scavengers open it, tear apart the elephant, and take away the meat. Orgo chides Fénix for crying "like a little girl" and tattoos a phoenix onto his chest, identical to the one on his own chest, using a knife dipped in red ink. This tattoo, Orgo says, makes Fénix a man.

Later, during Concha's aerial act, she sees Orgo giving the tattooed lady a pearl necklace. She chases after them, finds them having sex, and pours sulphuric acid on Orgo's genitals. Orgo retaliates by cutting off both her arms, then walks into the street and slits his own throat. Locked inside a trailer, Fénix witnesses this. Afterwards, he sees the tattooed lady drive off with Alma.

The film returns to the present day. Fénix is taken to a movie theater along with patients who have Down syndrome. A pimp intercepts them, gives them cocaine, and introduces them to an obese prostitute. Fénix spots the tattooed lady, now a prostitute, and is consumed with rage. Back at the asylum, Fénix's armless mother calls out to him from the street and he escapes by climbing down a rope from his cell window. The tattooed lady tries to procure Alma, who runs away. An unseen assailant stabs the tattooed lady to death and Alma later finds her body.

Fénix and Concha go on to perform a stage act, "Concha and Her Magic Hands," in which he stands behind her and moves his arms so they appear to be Concha's. But she uses the arms of her son, a knife thrower like his father, to kill women he is interested in, including a burlesque performer and a transgender wrestler. She totally controls Fénix, who is fascinated by The Invisible Man, telling him that he is nothing without her and that no one sees him. He frequently hallucinates, and a dream sequence shows that he has killed and buried many more women, who haunt him.

Alma finds Fénix and they plan to run away from Concha, who tries to force Fénix to murder Alma as well. However, after a struggle, he plunges a knife into Concha's stomach. She vanishes after taunting Fénix by saying she will always be inside him. Flashbacks reveal that Concha in fact died after being maimed by Orgo and that Fénix has kept a mannequin of his armless mother he used on stage and at home. He destroys his homemade temple and throws away the mannequin with the help of his imaginary friends, Aladin and the clowns.

Alma removes Fénix's artificial fingernails and leads him out of the house, where police order them to put up their hands. As they both comply, Fénix regards his own hands with awe. Realizing that he has finally regained control of them brings him joy and peace.

Production

Development

Roberto Leoni, who had worked in the library of a psychiatric hospital where he had been in contact with people suffering from mental disorders, developed a story about dissociative identity disorder that he told Claudio Argento during a time they worked together. Argento appreciated the story and added to it, and with Leoni, they decided to present it to the director who seemed to them the most suited to the material, Alejandro Jodorowsky. After his cult film The Holy Mountain of 1974, Jodorowsky was asked to direct a film version of Frank Herbert’s epic 1965 science fiction novel Dune but the project had collapsed, and except for the children’s fable Tusk in 1980 he had stopped directing films, working as a comics writer in France.

Jodorowsky developed this story, also telling Leoni the story of Gregorio Cárdenas Hernández, which were in some respects similar, and together they wrote the script of Santa Sangre.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

Writing

Roberto Leoni stated that an episode with a patient in the psychiatric hospital was probably the origin of Santa Sangre because over time he conceived "a story in which even the worst demon actually can't forget he is an angel." In fact, Fénix, the character that Leoni created together with Jodorowsky, is a serial killer, but "…every time he kills you feel sorry for him; that is, you are sorry more for him than for the victim."<ref name="When I wrote Santa Sangre…" />

Release

Though a Mexican and Italian co-production, Santa Sangre is in English.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the United States, it was primarily rated NC-17 for "several scenes of extremely explicit violence". An edited version was released with an R rating for "bizarre, graphic violence and sensuality, and for drug content".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Regardless, Santa Sangre did not receive a wide release in the U.S., only screening at a few theaters familiar with Jodorowsky's previous work.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2004 Anchor Bay released a DVD in the UK.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On 25 January 2011, Severin Films gave the film a release on both DVD and Blu-ray with more than "five hours of exclusive extras".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On Halloween 2019, Mórbido Fest held a celebratory 30th anniversary screening of Santa Sangre remastered in 4K by Severin Films from a scan of the original camera negative.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In Italy, from 25 to 27 November 2019,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> the Videa film society celebrated the 30th anniversary by screening the 4K restored version at select theatres.<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

Reception

Critical response

The film generally was critically well received, eventually being ranked 476th on EmpireTemplate:'s 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.<ref name="empireonline.com">Template:Cite web</ref> A reviewer from the British Film 4 describing the film as "one of Jodorowsky's finest films" which "resonates with all the disturbing power of a clammy nightmare filtered through the hallucinatory lens of 1960s psychedelia."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Roger Ebert said that he believed it carried the moral message of genuinely opposing evil, rather than celebrating it like most contemporary horror films. Ebert described it as "a horror film, one of the greatest, and after waiting patiently through countless Dead Teenager Movies, I am reminded by Alejandro Jodorowsky that true psychic horror is possible on the screen – horror, poetry, surrealism, psychological pain, and wicked humor, all at once."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:As of, the film had an 89% rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 44 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.4/10. The site's consensus stated: "Those unfamiliar with Alejandro Jodorowsky's style may find it overwhelming, but Santa Sangre is a provocative psychedelic journey featuring the director's signature touches of violence, vulgarity, and an oddly personal moral center."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Accolades

The film was screened at the V Muestra de Cine Mexicano en Guadalajara where several groups of people left the room during the screening.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Award	Date of ceremony	Category	Recipient(s)	Result	Template:Abbr
Cannes Film Festival	11–23 May 1989	Un Certain Regard Award	Alejandro Jodorowsky	Template:Nom	<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Sitges Film Festival	6–14 October 1989	Best Director	Alejandro Jodorowsky	Template:Nom	<ref name="22ED. FESTIVAL INTERNACIONA DE CINEMA FANTÀSTIC DE SITGES">Template:Cite web</ref>
Chicago International Film Festival	1989	Best Director	Alejandro Jodorowsky	Template:Nom	<ref name="Timeline">Template:Cite web</ref>
Paris International Festival of Fantastic and Science-Fiction Film	1989	Best Film		Template:Win
Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival	1990	Best Director	Alejandro Jodorowsky	Template:Nom	<ref name="Sélection DVD">Template:Cite web</ref>
IMAGFIC - Festival Internacional de Cine Imaginario de Madrid	1990	Best Film		Template:Win	<ref name="'Santa Sangre' y 'El visitante del museo', premiadas en el Imagfic">Template:Cite news</ref>
Saturn Awards	1991	Best Performance by a Younger Actor	Adan Jodorowsky	Template:Win
		Best Horror Film		Template:Nom
		Best Actor	Axel Jodorowsky	Template:Nom
		Best Actress	Blanca Guerra	Template:Nom
		Best Performance by a Younger Actor	Faviola Elenka Tapia	Template:Nom
		Best Director	Alejandro Jodorowsky	Template:Nom
		Best Music	Simon Boswell	Template:Nom

Santa Sangre is considered a cult movie and the restored print of the film was screened in 2008 Cannes Classics.<ref name="Cannes Classics: Santa Sangre by Alejandro Jodorowsky">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

It was also screened during Locarno Film Festival 2016 Histoire(s) du cinéma: Pardo d'onore Swisscom Alejandro Jodorowsky.<ref name="Santa Sangre by Alejandro Jodorowsky">Template:Cite webTemplate:Dead link</ref>

Cultural references

In 2001 filmmaker David Gregory released a "making-of" documentary film titled Forget Everything You Have Ever Seen: The World of Santa Sangre. It features interviews with members of the cast and crew.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

External links

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