Satara (city)
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Satara (Template:Audio) (ISO: Sātārā) is a city located in the Satara District of Maharashtra state of India, near the confluence of the river Krishna and its tributary, the Venna.<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref> The city was established in the 16th century and was the seat of the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire, Shahu I.
It is the headquarters of Satara Tehsil, as well as the Satara District. The city gets its name from the seven forts (Sat-Tara) which are around the city. The city is known as a Soldier's city as well as Pensioner's city. The city had a population of 179,147 in 2011.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
History
Raja bhoj II of Shilahara dynasty constructed a fort here between 1178 AD and 1193 AD around which the city was later founded,Shilaharas fell to Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devgiri in 1212 AD. Popular among locals, temple of Yavateshwar was built during yadava rule in Hemadpanti style. During rule of Bijapur Sultanate,Ali Adil Shah I's wife Chand Bibi was imprisoned by Kishvar Khan at Satara fort as she conspired against him to seize power after her husband's death. In 1663, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj conquered Parali(now Sajjangad) and the Satara fort from Bijapur.After which Manaji Sable served as kiledar of Satara and defended the fort when it was attacked by second son of Aurangzeb Muhammad Mu'azzam.
After the death of Chhatrapati Sambhaji (Son of Chhatrpati Shivaji Maharaj) in 1689,Marathas under Rajaram I had to retreat to south India for survival. and hence Jinji in Tamilnadu became the Maratha capital but when Chhatrapati Rajaram returned to Maharashtra in 1698, he declared Satara as the Maratha capital.He then left Satara for campaign and left the fort to Prayagji Prabhu.On 8th December 1699 Aurangzeb advanced towards Satara and sieged the fort with Tarbiyat khan in south,Sarjekhan in east, Aurangzeb's son Azam Shah in Shahapur in the west and Aurangzeb himself in Karanje in the north. Parshuram pant Pratinidhi managed to sent food grain supplies through Parali fort. Marathas defended the fort for 6 months but news of chh.Rajaram's death demoralized the troops on Satara fort and in April Tarbiyat khan dug trenches under Bastion named Manglai, killing a few Marathas and injuring Prayagji Prabhu, this compelled them to handover the fort. It was later recaptured by Marathas in 1706.
Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj I Shahu, heir apparent to the Maratha Dynasty, was captured by Mughals when he was only seven years old at Raigad.He remained their prisoner until the death of Aurangzeb in 1707.
The dowager Maharani Tarabai proclaimed her son, Shahu's younger half-brother Shahu Sambhaji, as the Chhatrapati Maharaj under her regency. The Mughals released Shahu with intentions sparking a Maratha civil war in 1707. The Marathas would face an internal war for the throne. Shahu returned to the Maratha+ Kingdom and claimed his inheritance.
In 1707, Chattrapati Shahu, the son of Chhatrapati Sambhaji,won Battle of Khed and eventually reached Satara and was crowned Chhatrapati at the Satara fort,later Satara city being his capital.He then went on to rule the Maratha Empire for 42 years, expanding his empire in a large part of India.He was responsible for establishing 13 pethas of Satara city,he also established city of Shahunagar at eastern base of Satara fort,where the throne was later kept.The gaadi(throne)was first kept at Satara fort,he brought it down to the city as the war was over and safety was assured.During his rule Satara was at peak of it's political influence and became quite prosperous. He didn't have a son so He nominated Tarabai's grandson Rajaram II as heir to the maratha throne. In 1750 due to internal struggle Tarabai imprisoned Chh.Rajaram II, Balaji Bajirao then sieged Satara fort and eventually managed to get her to sign a peace treaty. Treaty of Sangola was signed by Rajaram II ceding powers to Peshwa. Every office of administration was transferred from Satara to Pune,Satara lost it's political importance and Maratha empire became a confederacy after that.Maratha empire fell to British East India company and Satara became a rump state. Last Maratha emperor Chh.Pratapsinh was accused and charged with treason against the British and his brother was made the king,and he didn't have a son.Satara was the first state to be annexed by British Governor-General Dalhousie’s policy of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ in 1848.
A shadow government was established in Satara.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> during the Quit India movement.
Modern history
Post independence Satara became part of bombay presidency based on linguistic reorganization. Satara holds significant political power, significantly influencing Maharashtra's political sphere.The direct descendants of Shivaji continue to live in Satara. Chhatrapati Udayanraje Bhonsle is the 13th descendant of Shivaji.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Geography
Satara is located at Template:Coord.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It lies in the Satara District.<ref name="inflibnet1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Satara city is surrounded by seven mountains. Satara lies on the slope of Ajinkyatara fort.<ref name="gsda.maharashtra.gov.in">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It lies on the western side of the Deccan Plateau. Pune (110 KM), Sangli (121 KM), Kolhapur (122 KM) and Solapur (263 KM) are the main cities close to Satara.<ref name="inflibnet1"/> The city is surrounded by the tehsils of Koregaon on the West, Karad (51 KM) and Patan on the South, Jawali on the East and Wai on the North.<ref name="inflibnet1"/>
National Highway 48 (formerly National Highway 4) passes through Satara, between Karad and Khandala.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kaas Plateau, a valley of flowers, is situated 25 km away from Satara .<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Satara District experiences earthquakes of minor magnitudes. the epicenter of these earthquakes are scattered in Patan Taluka.<ref name="gsda.maharashtra.gov.in"/>
Satara is famous for the Kaas Pathar, Thoseghar, and a lot of natural sites present in the vicinity of the city. Kass Plateau has been awarded as a UNESCO's World Heritage Site (WHS). In the monsoon months, the Kaas Pathar, as it is locally known, transforms into a wildflower wonderland. More particularly so in September when vivid shades of pink balsams, yellow Smithia flowers, and blue utricularias carpet the vast grasslands. It’s a must-visit for serious botanists, amateur photographers to witness the spectrum of Western Ghats monsoon montane grasslands flora, some of which are rare and endangered.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Climate
Satara city has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification: Aw) that is influenced by the relatively high altitude and mountains surrounding the city. Summers are more hot than the winters. Satara city receives rainfall from 900 mm to 1,500 mm depending on the strength of the monsoon.
Demographics
As of 2011 India census,<ref>Cities having population 1 lakh and above. Censusindia.gov.in</ref> Satara had a population of 120,079; 61,129 are males while 59,066 are females, thus males constituted 52% of the population and females 48%.<ref name="tin.tin.nsdl.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Satara has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 76%. In Satara, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Marathi is the native and most widely spoken language. Around 98.5% Speakers are Marathi . Hindi is spoken by 1.5% of the population.
Maharashtra state's sex ratio is 883 girls per 1000 boys, and Satara fares worse still at 881, in spite of the high level of literacy.<ref>Babu, Chaya. 285 Indian girls no longer called "unwanted"Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore. Associated Press via NBC News. 22 October 2011</ref>Template:Bar box
The population of Satara has crossed the municipal limits and actual urban agglomerate population 326,765. The city is surrounded with census towns viz. Khed, Godoli and Vilaspur. These census towns are considered as suburban of Satara city.
The nod for Satara city,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> limit expansion was given by Devendra Fadnavis then chief minister of Maharashtra on 16 September 2019. The matter was pending for 40 years. The city's border will be extended to NH4 towards east, to Ajinkyatara on the south, the whole region south to Venna River, Shahupuri, Sambhajinagar, Vilaspur and Dare Budruk grampanchayats will become a part of Satara city.
Government and politics
Satara city falls under Satara Lok Sabha constituency, represented by MP Udayanraje Bhosale from the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city also elects an MLA from the Satara Vidhan Sabha constituency, represented by BJP's Shivendrasinh Abhayasinh Bhosale.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Civic administration
Satara is a Municipal Council city in district of Satara, Maharashtra.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Satara Municipal Council, with population of about 1.2 lakh is Satara sub district's only municipal council located in Satara sub district of Satara district in the state Maharashtra in India.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Total geographical area of Satara municipal council is 8 square km. Population density of the city is 14748 persons per square km.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Satara city is divided into 39 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.<ref name="tin.tin.nsdl.com"/> Among them Satara Ward No 19 is the most populous ward with population of 4691 and Satara Ward No 23 is the least populous ward with population of 2206.<ref name="tin.tin.nsdl.com"/>
Civic utilities
Water from the Kaas lake is supplied to Satara city for drinking purposes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran supplies water to Satara city.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 19 MLD is supplied, but because of water leakage during transmission, only 17.2 MLD gets supplied effectively.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Satara Municipal Council is responsible for providing sanitation and solid waste management services in the city, through private contractors.<ref name=":1" /> 70 MT/day of solid waste is generated per day. 18 Mt/ day is disposed off through composting.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 8.17 sq km of the city, covering 20972 households, are covered under door to door collection.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
12.8 MLD of sewage is generated in the city.<ref name=":2" /> Satara Municipal Council has plans to construct an STP of 17.5 MLD capacity.<ref name=":2" />
The Maharashtra Right to Public Service Act, 2015 is a revolutionary Act.<ref name="satara.gov.in">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Citizens can get complete information regarding which services are available under this Act by accessing either the mobile app RTS Maharashtra or ‘Aaple Sarkar’ Web Portal.<ref name="satara.gov.in"/> Citizens can even apply online for availing these services.<ref name="satara.gov.in"/>
Economy
Sugarcane is the single biggest crop of Satara along with turmeric and ginger. The Satara district has around 302 banks. The per capita of Satara district is nearly 1.2 times the state average.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The British had, during the pre-Independence period started a variety of industries in Satara for Menthol and soap manufacturing in 1905. Bigger industries for copper were started in 1922. After independence, the whole district was stagnant in industrial growth. From 1950-60, industrial growth restarted and the manufacture of jaggery was started in the Satara Tehsil area. There is tanning industry in Satara city. It existed during the British rule, and after independence, the Maharashtra government established a modern tanning center in 1957.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Tourism
The famous tourist points near Satara city are:
- Ajinkyatara Fort (अजिंक्यतारा किल्ला)
- Jarandeshwar Hanuman - Satara Koregaon Road
- Bajirao Vihir in shukrwar peth, Satara
- Vajrai Waterfall- tallest Waterfall in india.
- Sajjangad Fort (सज्जनगड किल्ला)
- Kaas Plateau – Called "Valley of flowers of Maharashtra" which is also a World Heritage Site
- Baramotichi Vihir Step well, near Limb village which is about 16 km from Satara
- Thoseghar Waterfall
- Shree Uttar Chidambaram Natraj Temple Satara
- Yewateshwar
- Bamnoli
- Dhom Dam
- Urmodi Dam
- Raje Baksavar Peer Saaheb Dargha (Khatgun)
- Chaphal (Shree Ram Mandir, Near Umbraj)<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
A sunset view from Naryan Maharaj Math, Bamnoli
- Paratapgad located 75 km North West of Satara
The fort's historical significance is due to the Battle of Pratapgad, which took place here on 10 November 1659, between Chatrapti Shivaji and Bijapur Sultanate general Afzal Khan. Killing of Afzal Khan by Chatrapati Shivaji was followed by decisive Maratha victory over the Bijapur army.
- Panchgani located 50 km from Satara. Panchgani, called Paachgani (पाचगणी in Marathi), is a hill station and municipal council in Satara district.
Culture
Places to visit
Satara is located at the foot of the famous Ajinkyatara fort and on Kas plateau / Flower plateau, now a World Natural Heritage site.<ref name="dnaindia.com" /> Satara has two palaces in the heart of the city, the Old Palace (Juna Rajwada) and the New Palace (Nava Rajwada) adjoining each other. The Old Palace was built around 300 years ago, and the New Palace was built about 200 years ago.Template:Citation needed
Satara has a unique statue of Shivaji standing near a cannon, at Powai Naka. Generally, statues of Shivaji depict him riding a horse.Template:Citation needed
Thoseghar Waterfalls, around 20 km west of Satara, is one of the best monsoon tourist places in the Western Ghats. People come from all over Maharashtra to visit the falls, especially during the monsoon season between July and October. Vajrai Waterfall, India's highest waterfall, is around 22 km from Satara. Sajjangad Fort is around 15 km from Satara.
Satara hosts the Satara Half Hill Marathon each year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2015, they entered the Guinness World Records book for Most People in a Mountain Run (Single Mountain) with 2,618 runners.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Apshinge Military is a small village in Satara district. At least one member of every family in the village has served or is serving in the armed forces. The British government installed a memorial in the village to recognize the 46 soldiers who died in World War I.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Education
Satara is well known for Sainik School, Satara - The first among the chains of Sainik Schools established in the country on 23 June 1961 under the Ministry of Defence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Satara has base of Rayat education institutes. Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is one of the famous institute from District. Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil college of engineering, Satara<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is the oldest engineering college in Satara city. Government Medical College (GMC), Satara had its first batch graduation in the year 2022. It is located near the Civil Hospital Satara<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- KSD Shanbhag Vidyalaya (1990)
- Government Medical College<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2022)
Notable people
- Hari Makaji Naik
- Jagannath Raoji Chitnis
- Sai Bhosale
- Yashwantrao Chavan
- Tanaji Malusare
- Rani of Jhansi
- Jyotirao Phule
- Bhaurao Patil
- Krantisinha Nana Patil
- Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav
- Udayanraje Bhosale
- Narendra Dabholkar
- Shivendra Raje Bhosale
- Sayaji Shinde
- Lalita Babar
- Sharad Pawar
- Shahir Sable
- Bal Kolhatkar
Transport
Road links
Satara is about 250 km from Mumbai on National Highway 48 (via Mumbai Pune Expressway and PB road) and 110 km away from Pune. A bypass on Highway 48 was constructed to avoid traffic congestion in the city. National Highway 965D connects Kedgaon, Supe, Morgaon, Nira, Lonand, Wathar up to Satara. National Highway 548C starts from Satara. Satara-Akluj-Latur Highway connects Satara to Latur. It passes through Koregaon, Pusegaon, Mhaswad, Akluj, Tembhurni and Murud. It will also be a 4 lane highway, work is going to start soon. State Highway 58 connects Satara with Mahabaleshwar and Solapur.Template:Citation needed Satara Mahad Bankot is a newly declared national highway connecting Satara to the Konkan region.
Bus links
Private and government state transport buses are available from Borivali, Dadar, Mumbai Central, and Thane to Satara.
Air links
Pune Airport is the nearest airport.
Railways
Satara railway station lies on the Pune-Miraj line of the Central Railways and is administered by the Pune Railway Division. The station is situated near Mahuli about 0.7 km from the Satara bus stand on the Satara Pandharpur road. Satara is On Route from Mumbai to Miraj, Sangli, Kolhapur, and Bangalore (some trains). Sahyadri Express, Koyna Express, Mahalaxmi Express, Maharashtra Express, Goa Express are daily trains that have stops at Satara.Template:Citation needed
- Railway Time Table Satara
- Towards Miraj / Karad
| No. | Train No. | Train Name | Train Type | Day | Departure time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dis. | 11023 | Mumbai – Kolhapur | Sahyadri Express | Discontinued | Discontinued |
| 01 | 11097 | Pune – Ernakulam | Poorna Express | Sun | 00.45 Am |
| 02 | 17411 | Mumbai - Kolhapur | Mahalaxmi Express | Daily | 03.15 Am |
| 03 | 11021 | Dadar - Tirunelveli | Tirunelveli / Chalukya Express | Sun, Wed, Thu | 04.00 Am |
| 04 | 11035 | Dadar – Mysore | Sharavati Express | Fri | 04.00 Am |
| 05 | 11005 | Dadar - Puducherry | Puducherry Express | Mon, Tue, Sat | 04.00 Am |
| 06 | 51441 | Satara – Kolhapur | Demu Special | Daily | 05.40 Am |
| 07 | 16209 | Ajmer – Mysore | All Mysore Express | Mon, Sat | 04.55 Am |
| 08 | 16505 | Gandhidham – Bangalore | GIMB SBC Bangalore Express | Wed | 04.55 Am |
| 09 | 16507 | Jodhpur – Bangalore | JU SBC Bangalore Express | Sun, Fri | 04.55 Am |
| 10 | 16531 | Ajmer – Bangalore | SBC Garib Nawaz Express | Tue | 04.55 Am |
| 11 | 11040 | Gondia – Kolhapur | Maharashtra Express | Daily | 07.30 Am |
| 12 | 12148 | Nizamuddin – Kolhapur | Nizamuddin Express | Fri | 09.30 Pm |
| 13 | 12782 | Nizamuddin – Mysore | Swarnajayani Express | Tue | 09.30 Pm |
| 14 | 11049 | Ahmadabad-Kolhapur | Ahmadabad Express | Mon | 10.50 Pm |
| 15 | 51409 | Pune – Kolhapur | Demu Special | Daily | 02.30 Pm |
| 16 | 11029 | Mumbai – Kolhapur | Koyna Express | Daily | 04.00 Pm |
| 17 | 12780 | Nizamuddin – Vasco | Goa Express | Daily | 07.50 Pm |
| 18 | 22497 | ShriGanganagar-Tiruchchirapali | Humsafar Express | Tue | 09.45 Pm |
| 19 | 01539 | Pune - Satara | Demu Special | Daily | 10.40 Pm Terminated |
| Sahyadri Express >> Discontinued | |||||
| Information by ( Basargi) : updated In August 2022 |
- Towards Pune
| No. | Train No. | Train Name | Train Type | Day | Departure time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dis | 11024 | Kolhapur – Mumbai | Sahyadri Express | Discontinued | Discontinued |
| 01 | 11012 | Kolhapur - Mumbai | Mahalaxmi Express | Daily | 12.15 Am |
| 02 | 12779 | Vasco – Nizamuddin | Goa Express | Daily | 01.00 Am |
| 03 | 22498 | Tiruchchirapali - ShriGanganagar | Humsafar Express | Sat | 05.00 Am |
| 04 | 01540 | Satara - Pune | Demu Special | Daily | 06.15 Am |
| 05 | 51410 | Kolhapur – Pune | Passenger | Daily | 09.28 Am |
| 06 | 11030 | Kolhapur – Mumbai | Koyna Express | Daily | 12.05 Pm |
| 07 | 12147 | Kolhapur – Nizamuddin | Nizamuddin Express | Tue | 12.40 Pm |
| 08 | 12781 | Mysore – Nizamuddin | Swarnajayani Express | Sat | 12.40 Pm |
| 09 | 16210 | Mysore – Ajmer | Ajmer Express | Wed, Fri | 03.15 Pm |
| 10 | 16506 | Bangalore – Gandhidham | Gandhidham Express | Sun | 03.15 Pm |
| 11 | 16508 | Bangalore - Jodhpur | Jodhpur Express | Tue, Thu | 03.15 Pm |
| 12 | 16532 | Bangalore – Ajmer | Garib Nawaz Express | Sat | 03.15 Pm |
| 13 | 16532 | Kolhapur – Ahmadabad | Ahmadabad Express | Sat | 04.30 Pm |
| 14 | 11039 | Kolhapur - Gondia | Maharashtra Express | Daily | 06.40 Pm |
| 15 | 11098 | Ernakulam – Pune | Poorna Express | Tue | 08.10 Pm |
| 16 | 51442 | Kolhapur – Satara | Demu Special | Daily | 09.28 Pm |
| 17 | 11006 | Puducherry - Dadar | Puducherry Express | Mon, Wed, Thu | 11.10 Pm |
| 18 | 11022 | Tirunelveli - Dadar | Tirunelveli / Chalukya Express | Tue, Fri, Sat | 11.10 Pm |
| 19 | 11036 | Mysore – Dadar | Sharavati Express | Sun | 11.10 Pm |
| Station Del | 17317 | Hubli - Dadar | Hubli Express | Station Del | Station Del
|
| Sahyadri Express >> Discontinued | |||||
| Information by( Basargi): Updated In August 2022 |
See also
References
Further reading
- Paul H. von Tucher: Nationalism: Case and crisis in Mission – German Missions in British India 1939 – 1946 Diss. Erlangen 1980. Author's edition Erlangen/Germany 1980. Read SATARA.
- Wilhelm Filchner: Life of a Researcher (chapter XXIII). Wilhelm Filchner was interned from September 1941 until November 1946 in the Parole Camp in Satara.
- Selections from the Historical Records of the Hereditary Minister of Baroda. Consisting of letters from Bombay, Baroda, Poona and Satara Governments. Collected by B. A. Gupte. Calcutta 1922.
- Malik, S. C. Stone Age Industries of the Bombay & Satara Districts, M. Sayajirao University Baroda 1959.
- Irawati Karve, Jayant Sadashiv Randadive, The Social Dynamics of a Growing Town and Its Surrounding Area. Deccan College, 1965, Poona. ISBN B0000CQW3J
- Valunjkar, T. N. Social Organization, Migration & Change in a Village Community, Deccan College Poona 1966.
- Dr. B.R.Ambedkar writes about his experience while living as a child in Satara in his autobiographical book, Waiting for a Visa [1]
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