Selburose
In Norwegian knitting, a selburose (Template:IPA), also known as an åttebladrose or an eight-pointed star<ref>Template:Citation</ref> is a knitted rose pattern in the shape of a regular octagram. It is traditionally used for winter clothing such as the Selbu mitten (selbuvott) and sweaters (lusekofte, lopapeysa and mariusgenser). Of ancient origin, the pattern is associated with Selbu Municipality in Norway, and has become an international symbol of Norway (or Scandinavia generally), Christmas and winter.<ref name="The Atlantic 25 November 2018">Template:Cite news</ref>
History
The design now known as the selburose has a long history. It appears in textiles across European history, and in knitting pattern books from Italy, France, Switzerland and Germany in the 16th to 18th century.<ref name=Kvarsdagsstrikk>Om selbumønsteret i Andemor Sundbøs Kvarsdagsstrikk fra 1994 (avfotografert bok fra Nasjonalbibliotekets arkiv)</ref> It appears to combine designs of Islamic and Christian tradition based on Coptic and Byzantine art, or even the Sumerian Star of Ishtar.<ref name="The Atlantic 25 November 2018" /> In Norway, the pattern was already in use prior to 1857 on sweaters from Western Norway based on Danish designs.<ref name="The Atlantic 25 November 2018" />
Marit Guldsetbrua Emstad (born 1841),<ref name=Kvarsdagsstrikk /> a young woman from Selbu, popularized the design in 1857 when she knitted three pairs of mittens with an eight-petalled rose design (åttebladrose) and took them to church. She may have been inspired by stockings knitted by Marit Sessenggjerdet, a woman working for the same employer.<ref name="The Atlantic 25 November 2018" /> The design became immediately popular in Selbu. The Norwegian Arts and Craft Club (Husflidslag) spread the selburose mitten fad across the country after 1910. By the 1930s, 100,000 pairs were made in Selbu every year. By 1960, much of the town's economy depended on the trade.<ref name="The Atlantic 25 November 2018" />
The popularity of the design in Norway may have been helped by the desire to establish a Norwegian national identity as the decades-long process of Norwegian independence from Sweden had nationalist leaders searching for the country's "true spirit". The bold, "uniquely Norsk" design of the selburose fit these aspirations.<ref name="The Atlantic 25 November 2018" /> Norwegian girls were taught to knit the pattern, as a pair of selbuvotter became the traditional gift of a girl to her fiancé and his friends. The home industry of Selbu mitten knitting helped make Norwegian farming life economically feasible and gave women a measure of economic independence.<ref name="The Atlantic 25 November 2018" /> Norwegian emigration and international trade spread the symbol across the world, where it is often interpreted as a snowflake or a star instead of a flower. This helped cement the association between the selburose and winter clothing and therefore winter itself.<ref name="The Atlantic 25 November 2018" />
See also
- Template:Ill for octagonal star and cross patterns in Scandinavian cultures more generally