Sextus Calpurnius Agricola

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File:RIB 1137 - Sextus Calpurnius Agricola - VI Victrix.jpg
Dedication to the god Sol Invictus, by a vexillatio of the Legio VI Victrix under the command of Agricola.

Sextus Calpurnius Agricola was a Roman senator and general active during the 2nd century. He was consul suffectus with Tiberius Claudius Julianus for the nundinium of September-October 154.<ref>Template:AE</ref> Agricola is known primarily from inscriptions.

Life

No information has yet been found about Calpurnius Agricola prior to his consulate. His origin is attested in no surviving document, and the gentilicium "Calpurnius" is commonly found all over the Empire. However, Anthony Birley notes the combination "Sextus Calpurnius" is very uncommon, and he suggests that Agricola is related to Fronto's friend Sextus Calpurnius Julianus; if so, he may have been a native of Cirta or another town in Numidia.<ref>Birley, Fasti of Roman Britain (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981), p. 127</ref>

Calpurnius Agricola was governor of Germania Superior around 158.<ref name="Patricia Southern">Patricia Southern, Roman Britain: A New History 55BC - AD 450</ref>

In 161 or 162 he was made governor of Britain and remained until at least 163, possibly until the end of the 160s.<ref name="Patricia Southern"/>

In 163, he was sent to Britain to control uprisings in the north. He rebuilt a number of forts, most notably that at Coria (Corbridge). He withdrew troops southwards from Scotland towards the line of Hadrian's Wall to contend with the threats of further rebellion.<ref>RIB 1127, 1149, cf. 1389</ref>

There are indications of unrest in Britain around the time of his rule attested by damage to the forum at Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter) and the burning of a large part of Verulamium (St Albans).<ref>Robin George Collingwood, John Nowell Linton Myres Roman Britain and the English Settlements p.150</ref><ref>Historia Augusta Life of Marcus Aurelius 8.8</ref>

Around 166 AD Agricola was appointed imperial legate in Roman Dacia.Template:Sfn Between 168 and 169, he was one of the governors of Lower Moesia.

Notes

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Sources

Epigraphics

Secondary

  • Patricia Southern, Roman Britain: A New History 55BC - AD 450

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