Sheck Exley
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Sheck Exley (April 1, 1949 – April 6, 1994) was an American cave diver. He is widely regarded as one of the pioneers of cave diving,<ref>Template:Cite webTemplate:Self-published source</ref><ref name="Burgess 1">Template:Cite book</ref> and he wrote two major books on the subject: Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and Caverns Measureless to Man.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> On February 6, 1974, Exley became the first chairman of the Cave Diving Section of the American National Speleological Society.<ref name=CDShx>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=Kendrick2009>Template:Cite journal</ref> During his career, he established many of the basic safety procedures used in cave and overhead diving today.<ref name="Burgess 1"/> Exley was also a pioneer of extreme deep scuba diving.<ref name="SqualoDivers">Template:Cite web</ref>
For purposes of rescue during cave diving, Exley helped standardize the usage of the "octopus", a redundant second stage diving regulator that can be used as a backup in the event the diver's primary second stage fails, or alternatively, to allow the diver and their buddy to have simultaneous access to the diver's gas if the buddy has an out-of-gas emergency.<ref name="Burgess 1"/> The octopus is now considered an essential piece of equipment among virtually all scuba divers, whether caving or in open water.<ref name="SqualoDivers"/>
Exley died at age 45 while trying to set a depth record by diving the world's deepest sinkhole, Mexico's Template:Convert deep, Zacatón, a fresh water cenote.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
In the book, Diving into Darkness (a story about Dave Shaw and Don Shirley), the author comments: "Exley's status in the sport is almost impossible to overstate".<ref name="Finch">Template:Cite book</ref>
Early life and career outside of diving
Exley began diving in 1965 at the age of 16. That same year he entered his first cave and was hooked on cave diving for the rest of his life. To finance this passion, Exley worked as a mathematics teacher at Suwannee High School in Live Oak, Florida.<ref name="Burgess 2">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=cisatlantic>Template:Cite web Interview with Exley.</ref>
In spring 1973, Exley served as an aquanaut during an eight-day mission aboard the Hydrolab underwater habitat in the Bahamas.<ref>Caverns Measureless to Man, pp. 109–110.</ref>
Records
Exley was the first man in the world to log over 1,000 cave dives (at the age of 23); in 29 years of cave diving, he made over 4000 dives.<ref name="Burgess 2"/>
Exley had an unusual resistance to nitrogen narcosis, and was one of the few divers to survive a Template:Convert open-water dive on simple compressed air. In acting as a safety diver for two divers trying to set an air-only depth record in 1970, Exley reached Template:Convert in salt water, but could go no deeper due to narcosis and the start of blackout (the two record-depth attempting unconscious divers died just out of reach beneath him,<ref name=cisatlantic/> and such air-depth records are no longer sought or recorded). During his diving career, he set numerous depth and cave penetration records.<ref name="Burgess 2"/><ref name=ADMezine1>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Exley was the first man in the history of technical SCUBA diving to dive below Template:Convert,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a feat only 20 people have performed Template:As of. His carefully planned multistage decompressions from these dives, in open water (not in a decompression tank), sometimes required times of as much as 13.5 hours. However, he never suffered a classic case of decompression sickness in his career.<ref name=cisatlantic/>
Exley and German cave diver Jochen Hasenmayer became friends and rivals in the 1980s, each repeatedly attempting to break the depth records of the other.<ref name="Burgess 3">Burgess, pp. 320–321.</ref><ref name="Chowdhury">Template:Cite book</ref>
Death
Exley died, aged 45, on April 6, 1994, while attempting to descend to a depth of over Template:Convert in a freshwater cenote, or sinkhole, called Zacatón in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico.<ref name="Finch"/><ref name="Burgess 2"/><ref name=si>Template:Cite magazine</ref> He made the dive as part of a dual dive with Jim Bowden, but Bowden aborted his descent early when his gas supply ran low. Exley's body was recovered when his support crew hauled up his unused decompression tanks. It was found that he had looped into the descent line, perhaps to sort out gas issues.<ref name="Finch"/><ref name="Burgess 2"/> His wrist-mounted dive computer read a maximum depth of Template:Convert.<ref name="tdm12">Template:Cite web</ref>
The cause of Exley's death could not be determined. Team members concluded the causes "...could include stress of HPNS exacerbated by the narcotic effects of nitrogen at that depth".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The line was also wrapped (deliberately) around Exley's tank valves. Bowden and other experts have theorized that Exley might have done this in anticipation of his own death to prevent any dangerous body recovery operations.<ref name="Finch"/>
The remipede L. exleyi, discovered by Australian cave divers Andrew Poole and Dave Warren in August 1993, was named in honor of Sheck Exley.<ref name=remipede>Template:Cite web</ref>
The Sheck Exley Award is given by the National Speleological Society - Cave Diving Section for 1000 safe cave dives post full cave training.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Books
- Template:Cite book, coauthored with Bob Friedman
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