Silvio Micali

Silvio Micali (born October 13, 1954) is an Italian computer scientist, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the founder of Algorand, a proof-of-stake blockchain cryptocurrency protocol. Micali's research at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory centers on cryptography and information security.<ref name="dblp">Template:DBLP</ref><ref name="acm">Template:ACMPortal</ref>

In 2012, he received the Turing Award for his work in cryptography.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="turing" />

Personal life

Micali graduated in mathematics at La Sapienza University of Rome in 1978 and earned a PhD degree in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1982;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> for research supervised by Manuel Blum.<ref name="mathgene" /> Micali has been on the faculty of MIT's Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department since 1983. He has also served on the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Toronto, and Tsinghua University.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His research interests are cryptography, zero knowledge, pseudorandom generation, secure protocols, and mechanism design.

Career

Micali is best known for some of his fundamental early work on public-key cryptosystems, pseudorandom functions, digital signatures, oblivious transfer, secure multiparty computation, and is one of the co-inventors of zero-knowledge proofs.<ref name="noninteractive">Template:Cite book</ref>

While a graduate student, Micali collaborated with another student, Shafi Goldwasser, to introduce the concept of probabilistic encryption. In this scheme, a message can be encrypted randomly to multiple different ciphertexts, providing semantic security because a pair of ciphertexts are indistinguishable even when an attacker can choose which messages they come from.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Micali and his advisor Manuel Blum also developed a pseudorandom generator at this time, the Blum-Micali algorithm.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Micali, Goldwasser, and Charles Rackoff invented interactive proofs in the 1980s, at the same time as László Babai and Shlomo Moran.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In an interactive proof system, participants develop a proof by answering a series of questions.<ref name=":0" /> Micali, Goldwasser, and Rackoff then introduced a special class of these, zero-knowledge proofs, in 1985. They defined a system where a prover interacts with a verifier to prove some theorem, without providing any additional knowledge to the verifier.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Micali's former doctoral students include Mihir Bellare, Bonnie Berger, Shai Halevi, Rafail Ostrovsky, and Phillip Rogaway.<ref name="mathgene" /><ref name="cv" />

In 2001, Micali co-founded CoreStreet Ltd, a software company originally based in Cambridge, Massachusetts which implemented Micali's patents involving checking the status of digital certificates (mainly applicable to large enterprise and government-sized digital and physical identity projects). Micali served as Chief Scientist at CoreStreet. CoreStreet was bought by ActivIdentity in 2009.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In the early 2000s, Micali also founded Peppercoin, a micropayments system which was acquired in 2007. In 2017, he founded Algorand.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Awards and honors

Micali won the Gödel Prize in 1993, along with Goldwasser, Rackoff, Babai and Moran, for their work inventing interactive proofs.<ref name=":1" /> He received the RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics in 2004.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2007, he was selected to be a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR). He is also a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He received the Turing Award<ref name="turing" /> for the year 2012 along with Shafi Goldwasser for their work in the field of cryptography.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Turing Award is considered the Nobel Prize of computing.<ref name=":02">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2015 the University of Salerno acknowledged his studies by giving him an honoris causa degree in Computer Science. He was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2017.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>