Simon & Schuster

From Vero - Wikipedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox company

Simon & Schuster LLC (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is an American publishing house owned by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts since 2023. It was founded in New York City in 1924, by Richard L. Simon and M. Lincoln Schuster.<ref>"What it Means to Be a Book Publisher at 29: What Simon and Schuster Have Found Out in Their Pursuit of Best Sellers". Template:Webarchive, by Beatrice Barmby, McClure's magazine (October 1927) p. 62.</ref> Along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, HarperCollins and Macmillan Publishers, Simon & Schuster is considered one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers. Template:As of, Simon & Schuster was the third largest publisher in the United States,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> publishing 2,000 titles annually under 35 different imprints.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

History

Early years

In 1924, Richard Simon's aunt, a crossword puzzle enthusiast, asked whether there was a book of New York World crossword puzzles, which were popular at the time. After discovering that none had been published, Simon and Max Schuster decided to launch a company to exploit the opportunity.<ref name="allen">Frederick Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s, p. 165. Template:ISBN.</ref> At the time, Simon was a piano salesman and Schuster was editor of an automotive trade magazine.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref> They pooled Template:USD, equivalent to $Template:Formatprice todayTemplate:Inflation-fn and started a company that published crossword puzzles.<ref name="Another">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="allen" />

The new publishing house used "fad" publishing to publish books that exploited current fads and trends. Simon called this "planned publishing".<ref name=":3" /> Instead of signing authors with a planned manuscript, they came up with their own ideas, and then hired writers to carry them out.<ref name=":3" />

In the 1930s, the publisher moved to what has been referred to as "Publisher's Row" on Park Avenue in Manhattan, New York.<ref name=":3" />

Expansion

In 1939, Simon & Schuster backed Robert Fair de Graff to found Pocket Books, America's first paperback publisher.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1942, Simon & Schuster and Western Publishing launched the Little Golden Books series in cooperation with the Artists and Writers Guild.<ref>"Announcing Little Golden Books". Publishers Weekly. September 19, 1942, pp. 991–994.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1944, Marshall Field III, owner of the Chicago Sun, purchased Simon & Schuster and Pocket Books.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The company was sold back to Simon & Schuster following his death in 1957 <ref>Template:Cite web</ref> for $1 million.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In the 1950s and 1960s, many publishers including Simon & Schuster turned toward educational publishing due to the baby boom market.<ref name=":8">Template:Cite news</ref> Pocket Books focused on paperbacks for the educational market instead of textbooks and started the Washington Square Press imprint in 1959.<ref name=":8" /> By 1964, it had published more than 200 titles and was expected to put out another 400 by the end of that year.<ref name=":8" /> Books published under the imprint included classic reprints such as Lorna Doone, Ivanhoe, Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and Robinson Crusoe.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1967, Simon & Schuster acquired Monarch Press Publishing, Inc., along with its extensive line of college and high school study guides published.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1960, Richard Simon died of a heart attack; six years later, Max Schuster retired and sold his half of Simon & Schuster to Leon Shimkin.<ref name="Another" /><ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref> Shimkin then merged Simon & Schuster with Pocket Books under the name of Simon & Schuster.<ref name="Another" /><ref name=":2" /> In 1968, editor-in-chief Robert Gottlieb, who worked at Simon & Schuster since 1955 and edited several bestsellers including Joseph Heller's Catch-22,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> left abruptly to work at competitor Knopf, taking other influential S&S employees, Nina Bourne, and Tony Schulte.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Another" />

Simon & Schuster was acquired by Gulf+Western in an 8-for-1 stock swap on January 28, 1975.<ref>Koshetz, Herbert. "G.&W. to Acquire a Book Publisher", The New York Times, Wednesday, January 29, 1975. Template:Webarchive Retrieved October 16, 2021</ref> Four years later, in 1979, Richard Snyder was named CEO of the company. Over the next several years he would help the company to grow substantially.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite news</ref>

1980s

After the death of Gulf+Western head Charles Bluhdorn on February 19, 1983,<ref>Blair, William G. "Charles G. Bluhdorn, the Head of Gulf and Western, Dies at 56", The New York Times, Sunday, February 20, 1983. Template:Webarchive Retrieved October 16, 2021.</ref> the company made the decision to diversify. Bluhdorn's successor Martin Davis told The New York Times, "Society was undergoing dramatic changes so that there was a greater need for textbooks, maps, and educational information. We saw the opportunity to diversify into those areas, which are more stable and more profitable than trade publishing."<ref name=":1" />

In 1984, Simon & Schuster with CEO Richard E. Snyder acquired educational publisher Esquire Corporation, owner of companies including Allyn & Bacon (and former owner of Esquire magazine), for $180 million.<ref name=":1" /> Prentice Hall was brought into the company fold in 1985 for more than $700 million and was viewed by some executives to be a catalyst for change for the company as a whole.<ref name="Another" /><ref name=":1" /> This acquisition was followed by Silver Burdett in 1986,<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> mapmaker Gousha in 1987 and Charles E. Simon in 1988.<ref name=":0" /> Part of the acquisition included educational publisher Allyn & Bacon which, according to then editor and chief Michael Korda, became the "nucleus of S&S's educational and informational business".<ref name="Another" /> Three California educational companies were also purchased between 1988 and 1990Template:SndQuercus, Fearon Education and Janus Book Publishers.<ref name=":1" /> In all, Simon & Schuster spent more than $1 billion in acquisitions between 1983 and 1991.<ref name=":0" />

In the 1980s, Snyder also made an unsuccessful bid toward video publishing which was believed to have led to the company's success in the audiobook business. Snyder was dismayed to realize that Simon & Schuster did not own the video rights to Jane Fonda's Workout Book, a huge bestseller at the time and that the video company producing the VHS was making more money on the video. This prompted Snyder to ask editors to obtain video rights for every new book. Agents were often reluctant to give these upTemplate:Sndwhich meant the S&S Video division never took off. Simon & Schuster launched its audiobook division in 1985.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> According to Korda, audiobooks were a major business for Simon & Schuster by the 1990s.<ref name="Another" />

In 1989, Gulf and Western Inc., owner of Simon & Schuster, changed its name to Paramount Communications Inc.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

1990s

In 1990, The New York Times described Simon & Schuster as the largest book publisher in the United States, with sales of $1.3 billion the previous year.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> That same year, Simon & Schuster acquired the children's publisher Green Tiger Press.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1993, Simon & Schuster bought Macmillan (including Scribner's, Free Press, and Jossey-Bass), and changed its name to Paramount Publishing. Viacom then bought Paramount in 1994 and changed the name back to Simon & Schuster.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Macmillan was acquired for US$552.8 million.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Later that year, Snyder was suddenly fired from S&S and was replaced by the company's president and chief operating officer Jonathan Newcomb.<ref name="auto" /> Simon & Schuster then sold several peripheral assets, such as selling Charles E. Simon Co. to CDB Infotek.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Gousha was sold to Rand McNally in 1996.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1994, S&S acquired the software operations of Markt+Technik.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Later that year, Simon & Schuster (through Paramount) launched a software publisher in partnership with Davidson & Associates named Simon & Schuster Interactive.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The studio published video games such as Outlaw Golf, Deer Avenger, I.M. Meen, Chill Manor, EVE Online, and games based on Richard Scarry's characters. S&S Interactive shut down in 2003.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1998, Viacom sold Simon & Schuster's educational operations (including Prentice Hall, Macmillan, and Jossey-Bass) to Pearson plc, the global publisher and then owner of Penguin and the Financial Times; Pearson then merged the operations with Addison-Wesley Longman to form Pearson Education. Later, Pearson sold several of the acquired S&S divisions: first Appleton & Lange was divested to McGraw-Hill and Master Data Central was sold to Master Data Center.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Then, Jossey-Bass was sold to John Wiley & Sons and the Bureau of Business Practice was sold to Wolters Kluwer.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Subsequently, Macmillan Library Reference's children's imprints (Silver Burdett Press, Dillon Press, Crestwood House, Silver Press, New Discovery and Julian Messner) were closed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Then, Gale acquired Macmillan Library Reference (Charles Scribner's Sons Reference, Macmillan Reference, Thorndike Press, G.K. Hall, Twayne Publishers and Schirmer Books).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Finally, IDG Books acquired Macmillan General Reference (including Frommer's, J.K. Lasser, Betty Crocker Cookbooks, Weight Watchers Dieting and Cookbooks and Howell House Pet Books but excluding Complete Idiot's Guides, which Pearson later transferred to Macmillan Computer Publishing under Alpha Books and currently part of Penguin Random House under Dorling Kindersley).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

2000s

In 2002, Simon & Schuster acquired its Canadian distributor Distican.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Simon & Schuster began publishing in Canada in 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

At the end of 2005, Viacom split into two companies: CBS Corporation (which inherited S&S and Paramount Parks), and the other retaining the Viacom name.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Also in 2005, Simon & Schuster acquired Strebor Books International, which was founded in 1999 by author Kristina Laferne Roberts, who has written under the pseudonym "Zane".<ref name="bloomberg.com">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A year later, in 2006, Simon & Schuster launched the conservative imprint Threshold Editions.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2009, Simon & Schuster signed a multi-book and co-publishing deal with Glenn Beck which fell over many of its imprints and included adult non-fiction, fiction, children, and YA literature as well as e-book and audiobook originals.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As part of CBS, Simon & Schuster has been the primary publisher for books related to various media franchises owned by and/or aired on CBS such as CSI.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The company has also held a license to publish books in the Star Trek franchise under Pocket Books.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2010s

In 2011, Simon & Schuster signed a number of co-publishing deals. Glenn Beck signed a new co-publishing deal with Simon & Schuster for his own imprint, Mercury Ink.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Under Atria, Simon & Schuster also launched a publishing venture with Cash Money Records called Cash Money Content.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On April 11, 2012, the United States Department of Justice filed United States v. Apple Inc., naming Apple, Simon & Schuster, and four other major publishers as defendants. The suit alleged that they conspired to fix prices for e-books, and weaken Amazon.com's position in the market, in violation of antitrust law.<ref name="washington post DOJ sues">Template:Cite news</ref>

Simon & Schuster reorganized all of their imprints under four main groups in 2012.<ref name=":9">Template:Cite news</ref> The four groups included the Atria Publishing Group, the Scribner Publishing Group, the Simon & Schuster Publishing Group and the Gallery Publishing Group.<ref name=":9" /> According to CEO Carolyn Reidy, the divisions were created to align imprints that complement one another and that the structure would "lead to a sharper editorial focus for our imprints even as it takes consideration of the natural affinities among them."<ref name=":9" /> In 2012, Simon & Schuster launched a self-publishing arm of the company, Archway Publishing.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On November 14, 2013, Simon & Schuster signed a co-publishing agreement with former New York Yankees shortstop, Derek Jeter, to launch Jeter Publishing.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December 2013, a federal judge approved a settlement of the antitrust claims, in which Simon & Schuster and the other publishers paid into a fund that provided credits to customers who had overpaid for books due to the price-fixing.<ref name="usatoday settlements rolling out">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2014, Simon & Schuster signed a partnership deal with Amazon over ebooks and also launched a new speculative fiction imprint. On October 21, 2014, Simon & Schuster signed a multi-year partnership deal with Amazon.com in negotiations concerning the price of e-books.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Simon & Schuster also launched a new science fiction imprint called Simon451 that would publish titles across science fiction and fantasy with an emphasis on ebooks and online communities.<ref name=":11">Template:Cite news</ref> The name of the imprint was inspired by Ray Bradbury's book Fahrenheit 451 (the temperature at which books burn).<ref name=":11" /> Bradbury's classic is also published by Simon & Schuster.<ref name=":11" />

Simon & Schuster expanded beyond book publishing in 2015 by offering a new business model and additional services for authors. In 2015, Simon & Schuster announced the creation of a new publishing unit and imprint called North Star Way.<ref name=":10">Template:Cite news</ref> The imprint would publish non-fiction titles such as self-improvement, inspirational and mind-body-spirit titles. In addition, the group would also serve as a platform and set of services for authors that go beyond what a traditional book publisher offers to find their audience.<ref name=":10" /> The services include helping authors expand their reach through online courses, seminars, workshops, mobile applications, video and audiobooks, sponsorships and business partnerships, and podcasts. North Star Way sits within the Gallery Publishing Group division.<ref name=":10" /> According to Michele Martin, publisher and founder, the name North Star reflects their mission, "to publish books that will help readers find the path to a better life, and to be a guide for our authors, not only through publication of their books but also in the many other activities that can help their message find the widest possible audience."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In an interview with Kirkus Reviews, Michele Martin expanded that North Star Way, "aims to meet consumers where they are, in whatever form of media they consume. We expand the ideas in the books into a variety of platforms."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The name prompted Marvel Comics to attempt to register the name of their superhero Northstar in February 2015. The application was denied as Simon & Schuster had already made a trademark application for North Star Way in January.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Simon & Schuster launched SimonSays.com a portal for online video courses in 2016, along with Scout Press, a new literary fiction imprint under Gallery Books Group. They also launched North Star Way, a platform-based program to provide authors with services beyond publishing including brand management, online courses, sponsorship, and business partnerships.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref> Also as of 2016, Simon & Schuster had more than 18k e-books available for sale and signed a deal to distribute Start Publishing LLC, a catalog of 7,000 e-book titles.<ref name=":4" />

In 2019, CBS and Viacom reunited to form ViacomCBS. As a result, Simon & Schuster became part of the newly formed ViacomCBS.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Since February 15, 2022, ViacomCBS is known as Paramount Global.

2020s

In March 2020, ViacomCBS CEO Bob Bakish announced the company's intention to sell the Simon & Schuster division, as it "does not have significant connection for our broader business."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Bakish expected the sale to close in 2020, a date that was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In September 2020, German media group Bertelsmann, which owns Penguin Random House, announced that it was interested in acquiring Simon & Schuster. According to Bertelsmann chief executive and chairman Thomas Rabe, "We've been the most active player on the consolidation of the book publishing market in the last 10 years. We combined Penguin and Random House very successfully to create by far the largest book publisher in the world, actually the only global book publisher. Given this position we would, of course, be interested in Simon & Schuster."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Vivendi, which owns the French publisher Editis, and News Corp, which owns HarperCollins, were also named as contenders in acquiring Simon & Schuster. ViacomCBS expected the bids to be placed before November 26, 2020.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On November 25, 2020, ViacomCBS announced it would sell Simon & Schuster to Penguin Random House for $2.175 billion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The deal was expected to close in 2022, but was blocked by US federal judge Florence Y. Pan on October 31, 2022.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> An appeal to the court ruling was announced a day later by Bertelsmann,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> but it was ultimately canceled on November 21.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2021, Simon & Schuster made book deals with former Trump administration officials such as Vice President Mike Pence and Trump adviser Kellyanne Conway. This prompted protests among Simon & Schuster staff.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On November 2, 2021, the United States Department of Justice filed a civil antitrust lawsuit to block Penguin Random House's proposed acquisition of Simon & Schuster. The lawsuit argues that the acquisition would create a publisher with too much influence over books and author payments.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A federal judge sided with the plaintiff, leading Paramount to nullify the deal in November 2022.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2022, Simon & Schuster employee Filippo Bernardini was arrested for the 2016–2021 literary phishing thefts. The company released a statement saying they were "shocked and horrified to learn today of the allegations of fraud and identity theft by an employee."<ref name="peiserWAPO6jan2022">Template:Cite news</ref>

In June 2023, The Wall Street Journal reported that HarperCollins and investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) had emerged as potential frontrunners for the company.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On August 3, 2023, it was reported that KKR was in "advanced talks" with Paramount Global.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On August 7, 2023, Paramount Global announced that it had agreed to sell Simon & Schuster to KKR for $1.62 billion.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The sale was completed on October 30, 2023.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In May 2024, Simon & Schuster acquired Veen Bosch & Keuning (VBK), the largest Dutch book publishing company. The acquisition includes all of VBK's imprints in the Netherlands and Belgium, as well as its sister companies, the audiobook producer Thinium, and Bookchoice, a subscription-based platform for e-books and audiobooks. This is the first expansion of Simon & Schuster into a non-English market.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In September 2024, it was announced that Simon & Schuster Australia had entered an agreement to acquire publisher Affirm Press.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

People

Editors and publishers

Template:Div col

  • Clifton Fadiman Jr., editor-in-chief<ref name="Another" />
  • Jack Goodman, editor-in-chief<ref name="Another" />
  • Jerome Weidman, editor-in-chief<ref name="Another" />
  • Joe Barnes, editor-in-chief<ref name="Another" />
  • Justin Kaplan<ref name="Another" />
  • Max Schuster (editor-in-chief)<ref name="Another" />
  • Michael Korda (editor-in-chief)<ref name="Another" />
  • Quincy Howe (editor-in-chief)
  • Robert Gottlieb<ref name="Another" />
  • Peter Schwed<ref name="Another" />
  • Wallace Brockway (editor-in-chief)<ref name="Another" />
  • William Cole
  • Maxwell Perkins

Template:Div col end

Authors

Simon & Schuster has published thousands of books from thousands of authors. This list represents some of the more notable authors (those who are culturally significant or have had several bestsellers, meaning they have sold at least 3,000 books).

Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

According to one source, The Sower, the logo of Simon & Schuster, was inspired by the 1850 painting of the same name by Jean-François Millet.<ref>Larson, Kay (April 16, 1984). "Poet of Peasants". New York.</ref> According to Michael Korda, the colophon is a small reproduction of The Sower by Sir John Everett Millais.<ref name="simon">Business Timeline Template:Webarchive</ref>

Imprints

Adult publishing

Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Children's publishing

Template:Div col

  • Aladdin, publisher of picture and chapter books for middle-grade readers
  • Atheneum, publisher of literary middle grade, teen and picture books
  • Beach Lane Books,<ref name=":4" /> publisher of picture books, founded in 2008 and located in San Diego<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • BFYR<ref name=":4" />Template:Cite web</ref>publisher of children's books
  • Little Simon,<ref name=":4" /> publisher of children's books
  • Margaret K. McElderry Books,<ref name=":4" /> boutique imprint publisher of literary fiction and nonfiction for children and teens
  • MTV Books, pop culture imprint relaunched in 2021<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Paula Wiseman Books,<ref name=":4" /> publisher of picture books, novelty books and novels for children
  • Salaam Reads, imprint for Muslim children's literature by Simon & Schuster's Children's Division<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers,<ref name=":4" /> flagship imprint of Simon & Schuster's Children's Division
  • Simon Spotlight,<ref name=":4" /> publisher focused on licensed properties for children

Template:Div col end

Audio

Former imprints

Template:Div col

  • Archway (children's imprint of Pocket Books, merged into Aladdin Paperbacks)<ref name="catching up" />
  • Bookthrift (Inexpensive reprints, discontinued)
  • Earthlight (UK science fiction imprint, discontinued)
  • Downtown Press (women's fiction, discontinued)
  • Fireside Books
  • Free Press<ref name=":4" />
  • Green Tiger Press
  • Half Moon Books
  • Inner Sanctum Mysteries
  • Linden Press
  • Long Shadow Books
  • Minstrel Books (children's imprint of Pocket Books, merged into Aladdin Paperbacks<ref name="catching up">Template:Cite journal</ref>)
  • Poseidon Press (operated 1982–1993)
  • Richard Gallen Books
  • Simon & Schuster Interactive (1995–2003)
  • Simon Pulse, publisher of teen books, launched in 1999 as Pocket Pulse and renamed in 2001<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="catching up" />
  • Sonnet Books
  • Tiller Press (specializes in "practical nonfiction": diet, wellness, home design.)
  • Touchstone, Touchstone Books (closed December 2018)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
  • Wallaby Books

Template:Div col end

See also

Template:Portal

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

  • "Simon & Schuster Inc." International Directory of Company Histories. 4:671–672.
  • "Simon & Schuster Inc." International Directory of Company Histories. 19:403–405.
  • Template:Cite book

Template:Big6 publishers USATemplate:Kohlberg Kravis RobertsTemplate:Paramount GlobalTemplate:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://wiki.sarg.dev/index.php?title=Simon_%26_Schuster&oldid=590917"