Sipaliwini District

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox settlement Sipaliwini is the largest district of Suriname, located in the south. Sipaliwini is the only district that does not have a regional capital, as it is directly administered by the national government in Paramaribo.<ref name="suriname1">Template:Cite web</ref> Sipaliwini District includes disputed areas, with the southwestern region controlled and administered by Guyana, whereas the southeastern region is controlled by French Guiana.

History

Sipaliwini was created in 1983<ref name="suriname1"/> and has a population of 37,065 and an area of Template:Cvt.<ref name="census"/> The district is nearly 4 times as large as the other 9 districts of Suriname combined; however, most of Sipaliwini is almost completely covered by rainforest.<ref name="planning">Template:Cite web</ref> To create the district, the Nickerie District was reduced from around Template:Cvt to Template:Cvt.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Sipaliwini is the tribal area inhabited by Maroons and indigenous people.<ref name="census"/> Various peace treaties starting in 1686 had recognised autonomy for the tribes over their own area; however, a specific delineation of the tribal area had been lacking. The name is of Indigenous origin, referring to the Sipaliwini River, and means "river of stones or rocks".<ref name="voorstudie">Template:Cite web</ref>

It is thought by archaeologists that hunter-gatherers lived in what is today Sipaliwini district during the Paleolithic period.<ref name="suriname1"/> The region was largely left alone during the colonial period, as the Dutch that controlled Suriname were fearful of the Portuguese in Brazil, and it was not until the 20th century that development projects began.

As of 2004, there were 41 schools in the areas. An increase in schools is planned, because some children have to travel long distances by foot or boat to neighbouring villages.<ref name="planning"/> As of 2004, there are 24 clinics in the district.<ref name="planning"/> Medical care is provided by Medische Zending.<ref name="map">Map of MZ healthcare centres</ref> In the 1950s, Operation Grasshopper established many tiny airstrips in the district in order to make the territory accessible.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Sipaliwini district had seen occasional fighting in the late 1960s between Guyanese and Surinamese troops over border disputes in the south-west Tigri Area of the Coeroeni resort.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Nature

File:Wild! (17546877903).jpg
Rapids in the Tapanahony River

Sipaliwini consists of large areas of tropical rain forests, mountains, and savannas. In 1998, the Central Suriname Nature Reserve was created by Conservation International and the government of Suriname from the fusion of three existing nature reserves: Ralleighvallen, Tafelberg and Eilerts de Haangebergte.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its pristine tropical rainforest ecosystem. It is known for its rapids and bird species, including the Guiana Cock of the Rock (Rupicola rupicola).<ref name=vis>Nature Reserve of Suriname Visit Suriname</ref> Over 5,000 different plants have been identified, and large mammals like the jaguar, giant armadillo, and eight species of primates.<ref name="unesco">Template:Cite web</ref> A research station is located at the foot of Voltzberg and the area is tourist attraction.<ref name=vis/>

File:NMvW - Knopaiamoi (TM-10049611).jpg
Knopaiamoi, one of the Tumuk Humak Mountains

The Sipaliwini Savanna Nature Reserve has been established in 1972, and is Template:Cvt of savannah, and the second largest in Suriname. The reserve is near pristine and offers a wide variety in flora and fauna.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The Tumuk Humak Mountains are located in the southeastern part of the district, along the border with French Guiana.<ref name="archaelogy">Template:Cite web</ref>

Administration

Until 2011, Sipaliwini was administered by one district commissioner residing in Paramaribo. In the years since, district commissioners have been appointed for each separate resort.<ref name="planning"/>

Resorts

File:Sipaliwini Resorts.png
Resorts of Sipaliwini

Sipaliwini is divided into 7 resorts (ressorten):

District District Commissioner<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Serving since Main tribes
Boven Coppename Template:Ill 2020<ref name="sun"/> Kwinti and Tiriyó<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Boven Saramacca Template:Ill 2020<ref name="sun"/> Matawai<ref name="planning"/>
Boven Suriname Template:Ill 2020<ref name="sun"/> Saamaka<ref name="planning"/>
Coeroeni Template:Ill 2020<ref name="sun"/> Tiriyó<ref name="dorpsplan">Template:Cite web</ref>
Kabalebo Template:Ill 2020<ref name="sun">Template:Cite news</ref> Arawak and Warao<ref name="planning"/>
Paramacca Template:Ill 2020<ref name="sun"/> Paramacca<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Tapanahony Template:Ill 2021<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ndyuka<ref name="planning"/>

Villages

File:Suriname River Nieuw Aurora Sipaliwini (32723202623).jpg
View of the Upper Suriname River just northeast of Nieuw Aurora, Sipaliwini
File:Upper-Suriname river (33496725576).jpg
Traveling by dugout canoe from Atjoni to Gunsi on the Upper Suriname River
File:Stroomgebied van de Coeroeni en Litani (1920).jpg
Suriname has territorial disputes with French Guiana and Guyana.

The district contains 156 villages.<ref name="planning"/> All of them except for Stoelmanseiland, Villa Brazil, and Antonio do Brinco are tribal. Template:Div col

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References

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