Social Democracy (Czech Republic)
Template:Short description Template:Hatnote group Template:Lead too short Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox political party
Social Democracy (Template:Langx, SOCDEM), known as the Czech Social Democratic Party (Template:Langx, ČSSD) until 10 June 2023, is a social democratic<ref name="CSIS" /><ref name="Lewis2000">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Almeida">Template:Cite book</ref> political party in the Czech Republic.<ref name="Nordsieck 2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sitting on the centre-left of the political spectrum,<ref name="CSIS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> it is a member of the Party of European Socialists, the Socialist International, and the Progressive Alliance.<ref name="Nordsieck 2021"/> Masaryk Democratic Academy is the party-affiliated's think tank.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The ČSSD was a junior coalition party within Andrej Babiš' Second Cabinet's minority government from June 2018, and was a senior coalition party from 1998 to 2006 and from 2013 to 2017. It held 15 seats in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic following the 2017 Czech parliamentary election in which the party lost 35 seats.<ref name="Nordsieck 2021"/> From 2018 to 2021, the party was led by Jan Hamáček, who has since been replaced by Michal Šmarda as leader after the 2021 Czech parliamentary election, in which the party lost all of its seats after falling below 5%.<ref name="iDNES 2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
History
Template:More citations needed section The Social Democratic Czechoslavonic party in Austria (Template:Langx) was a political group founded on 7 April 1878 in Austria-Hungary as a regional wing of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. Founded in Břevnov atop earlier social democratic initiatives, such as the Ouls, it represented much of the Kingdom of Bohemia in the Austrian parliament, and its significant role in the political life of the empire was one of the factors that led to the creation of an independent Czechoslovakia. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, the party became one of the leading parties of the first Czechoslovak Republic. Its members were split over whether to join the Comintern, which in 1921 resulted in the fracturing of the party, with a large part of its membership then forming the new Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
During the occupation of the Czech lands by Nazi Germany, the party was officially abolished, but its members organized resistance movements contrary to the laws of the German-controlled Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, both at home and abroad. After the re-establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1945, the party returned to its pre-war structure and became a member of the National Front which formed a new governing coalition. In 1948, after the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia gained a parliamentary majority, the Czech Social Democratic Party was incorporated into the Communist Party. At the time of the Prague Spring, a reformist movement in 1968, there were talks about allowing the recreation of a social democratic party, but Soviet intervention put an end to such ideas. It was only after the Velvet Revolution of 1989 that the party was recreated. Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which came into effect on 1 January 1993, the ČSSD has been one of the major political parties of the Czech Republic, and until October 2017 was always one of the two parties with the largest number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
At the 1998 Czech parliamentary election, the party won the largest number of seats but failed to form a coalition government, so formed a minority government under its leader Miloš Zeman. With only 74 seats out of 200, the government had confidence and supply from the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), under the so-called Opposition Agreement. At the 2002 Czech parliamentary election, the party gained 70 of the 200 seats in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. Its leader Vladimír Špidla became prime minister, heading a coalition with two small centre-right parties, the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU–ČSL) and the Freedom Union – Democratic Union (US-DEU) until he was forced to resign in 2004 after the ČSSD lost in the 2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic.
The next leader was Stanislav Gross, serving as leader from 26 June 2004 to 26 April 2005 and as prime minister from 4 August 2004 to 25 April 2005. He resigned after a scandal when he was unable to explain the source of money used to buy his house. The successor of Gross as prime minister was Jiří Paroubek, while Bohuslav Sobotka became acting party leader from 26 April 2005 to 13 May 2006. Paroubek was then elected as the new party leader in the run-up to the 2006 Czech parliamentary election, at which the party won 32.3% of the vote and 74 out of 200 seats. The election at first caused a stalemate, since the centre-right parties plus the Green Party and the centre-left parties each had exactly 100 seats. The stalemate was broken when two ČSSD deputies, Miloš Melčák and Michal Pohanka, abstained during a vote of confidence, allowing a coalition of the Civic Democrats (ODS), the KDU-ČSL, and the Green Party to form a government, while the ČSSD went into opposition.
At the 2010 Czech parliamentary election, the ČSSD gained 22.08% of the vote but remained the largest party, with 56 seats. Failing to form a governing coalition, it remained in opposition to a government coalition of the ODS, conservative TOP 09 and conservative-liberal Public Affairs parties. Paroubek resigned as leader on 7 June and was succeeded by Sobotka.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It remained the largest party after the 2013 Czech parliamentary election, and in December of the same year formed a governing coalition with the populist ANO 2011 and the centrist Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The leader of ČSSD, Bohuslav Sobotka, became the new Prime Minister of the Czech Republic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The party suffered heavy losses in the 2017 Czech parliamentary election and was reduced to 15 seats, the worst result in its history. ČSSD suffered another defeat in the Prague Municipal, local and Senate elections in 2018. ČSSD lost 12 senators (only one managed to win re-election), all Prague deputies and more than half of their local councillors. In 2019 ČSSD lost all their representatives in the European Parliament. Some political commentators have interpreted the string of poor results as a sign of ČSSD losing their position in national politics.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> ČSSD suffered another defeat in 2020 Regional Elections and Senate elections, when they lost 10 senators (none re-elected) and 97 regional deputies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> From 2018 to 2021, ČSSD had Jan Hamáček as First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, Jana Maláčová as Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, Lubomír Zaorálek as Minister of Culture, and Miroslav Toman as Minister of Agriculture.
Extra-parliamentary party since 2021
In the 2021 election the party fell short of the 5% threshold and subsequently lost all of its seats in the Chamber of Deputies. This came as a shock to much of the party membership, who were reportedly optimistic about party results even as predictions showed party losing its representation. Party chair Jan Hamáček resigned on the election day, as some high-ranking members blamed ANO for the loss.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Later that year, Mayor of the Nové Město na Moravě Michal Šmarda defeated former Minister of Labor Jana Maláčová in the leadership contest,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> vowing to return the party to Parliament. He also said he does not want to repeat the cooperation with ANO, as he reckoned that it will not exist when the next parliamentary election is held.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Relaunch
At its 2023, the party elected to change its name to just Social Democracy, and adopt a new visual identity with a new logo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Šmarda was reelected as chairman, claiming that the party will be an alternative to both a SPOLU-led government and an ANO-led opposition.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He also says he sees the party back at a 30% vote share in four years and at 10% in the next parliamentary election,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> claiming that under his leadership, SOCDEM will not form a government with ANO, ODS, TOP 09, SPD or KSČM.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
For the 2023 Czech presidential election, the party nominated a trade union leader Josef Středula, though he dropped out shortly before the election. Šmarda refused to support any other candidate, but called on his fellow party members to vote against Andrej Babiš, Jaroslav Bašta and Karel Diviš.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Former party leader Lubomír Zaorálek was selected as the party's lead candidate for the 2024 European Parliament election. The party had chosen to run independently, after coalition talks with the Greens failed,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> but opted to invite Budoucnost members on its list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> SOCDEM received 1.86% of the vote share at the election, failing to enter the European Parliament for the second consecutive time, and finishing 9th overall. Šmarda, describing the result as his personal failure, called for a new leadership election, blaming the party disunity for the result.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Under Jana Maláčová
After the unsuccessful election, Jana Maláčová was elected chairwoman of the party, defeating former Minister for Human Rights Jiří Dienstbier Jr.. Maláčová called for the party to shift to the left and called for a Czech version of the French New Ecological and Social People's Union alliance. Doing so, she refused to work with KSČM, causing a stir among some party members.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Later, former ministers Jan Petříček, Petra Buzková<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and former party leader Jan Hamáček had left the party in protest.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Shortly after being elected, Maláčová began talks with the Stačilo! alliance, seeking cooperation for the 2025 Czech parliamentary election, citing the success of the French NUPES. This resulted in further protests from party members as well as the Young Social Democrats, which warned against another mass departure of members if SOCDEM collaborates with Stačilo!.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In February 2025, Maláčová announced that the talks had broken down, saying that Stačilo! was "not left-wing enough" and that it focused on anti-system politics rather than on social-economical issues. The party has added that it is still open to cooperation with other subjects.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On 7 April 2025, former MEP Libor Rouček left the party in protest against SOCDEM leaders secret negotiations with ANO for places on ANO's candidate lists for the 2025 Czech parliamentary election.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On 25 June 2025, SOCDEM leaders released a press release where they invited Stačilo! to cooperate for the 2025 Czech parliamentary election again.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Former Minister for Human Rights Jiří Dienstbier Jr., Senator Petr Vícha, former MP Václav Votava, former MEP Miroslav Poche and governor of Pardubice Region Martin Netolický left the party in protest.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Former Czech president, PM and ČSSD chairman Miloš Zeman commented cooperation between SOCDEM and Stačilo! as "sensible solution".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
On 17 July 2025, both Stačilo! and SOCDEM agreed on cooperation for the 2025 Czech parliamentary election.<ref name=idnes1772025>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Former SOCDEM leader Michal Šmarda announced that he will leave the party in protest.<ref name=idnes1772025 />
On 21 July 2025, Maláčová at the Stačilo! press conference announced that she will lead Stačilo! in Prague, vice-chairman Jiří Nedvěd in Karlovy Vary Region and first vice-chairman Lubomír Zaorálek would be listed second in Moravian-Silesian Region after Stačilo! leader Kateřina Konečná. Forty SOCDEM members would be listed on Stačilo! candidate lists.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The party used to hold pro-European views until early 2020s.<ref name="CSIS"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> However, in August 2025, the party pledged to promote and follow the program of Stačilo!, which includes reconsideration and a referendum on the Czech Republic's withdrawal from NATO and the European Union. Maláčová stated that she sees no contradictions between the programs of SOCDEM and Stačilo!, arguing that their programs are "98% similar" and that SOCDEM "has long supported a general referendum, including on foreign policy issues".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Czech political scientists Tomáš Cirhan and Mattia Collin wrote that since entering cooperation with Stačilo!, SOCDEM has shifted "towards a less pro-European stance and a more favourable position on Russia", and became increasingly divided in terms of stances in GAL-TAN dimension (progressive and traditional values on social issues).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Stačilo! failed to reach 5% threshold to get in parliament, thus SOCDEM failed to gain any deputies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 6 October 2025, Máláčová announced that SOCDEM leaders would resign at an extraordinary congress.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Organization
Names
Czech lands as part of Austria-Hungary:
- 1878–1893: Czechoslavonic Social Democratic Party in Austria (Sociálně-demokratická strana českoslovanská v Rakousku), then part of the Social Democratic Party of Austria
- 1893–1918: Czechoslavonic Social Democratic Workers' Party (Českoslovanská sociálně demokratická strana dělnická), an independent party
- 1918–1938: Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party (Československá sociálně demokratická strana dělnická), and was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1938;<ref>Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen Arbeiter-Internationale: 1923 – 1938, Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 327.</ref> after the split-up of Austria-Hungary, the portion of the party that ended up within the new Republic of Austria split from the main party to form the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party in the Republic of Austria
- 1938–1941: National Labour Party (Národní strana práce), which was a merger of the party with the left wing of the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party to unite the left in opposition to the ruling Party of National Unity
- 1945–1948: Czechoslovak Social Democracy (Československá sociální demokracie)
- 1948–1989: merged with the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia but concurrently existed as an exile party with its headquarters in London
- 1990–1993: Czechoslovak Social Democracy (Československá sociální demokracie)
- 1993–2023: Czech Social Democratic Party (Česká strana sociálně demokratická), keeping the previous abbreviation ČSSD
- Since June 2023: Social Democracy (Sociální demokracie), adopting the abbreviation SOCDEM.
Logos
-
Party logo, 1945–1948 1990–1992
(1948–1990 in-exile) -
Party logo, 1992–1998 -
Party logo, 2021–2023 -
Party logo, 2023–
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-
Electoral logo for 2020 elections -
Electoral logo for 2021 elections
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Policy positions
In economic matters, the ČSSD party platform is typical of Western European social democratic parties. It supports a mixed economy, a strong welfare state, and progressive taxation. In foreign policy, it supports European integration, including joining the Eurozone, and is critical of the foreign policy of the United States, especially when in opposition, though it does not oppose membership of the Czech Republic in NATO.
Membership
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1913 | 169,279 |
| 1932 | Template:Increase194,857 | ||
| 1935 | Template:Increase210,898 | ||
| 1947 | Template:Increase363,735 |
- Further references
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Election results
Cisleithanian elections
Imperial Council elections
| Date | Leader | Votes | Seats | Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | ± | Size | |||
| 1907 | Antonín Němec | 389,960 | 8.5 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase 22 | 6th | Opposition |
| 1911 | Antonín Němec | 357,234 | 7.9 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase 3 | 4th | Opposition |
Czechoslovakia wide elections
Legislative elections
| Date | Leader | Votes | Seats | Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | ± | Size | |||
| 1920 | Antonín Němec | 1,590,520 | 25.7 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase 74 | 1st | Coalition |
| 1925 | Antonín Hampl | 632,403 | 8.9 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Decrease 45 | 4th | Coalition |
| 1929 | Antonín Hampl | 963,462 | 13 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase 10 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 1935 | Antonín Hampl | 1,032,773 | 12.6 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Decrease 1 | 3rd | Coalition |
| 1946 | Zdeněk Fierlinger | 855,771 | 12.1 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Decrease 1 | 5th | Coalition |
| 1948 | as part of National Front | Template:Composition bar | Template:Decrease 14 | 3rd | Bloc | ||
| 1954 | colspan="7" rowspan="7" Template:CNone | ||||||
| 1960 | |||||||
| 1964 | |||||||
| 1971 | |||||||
| 1976 | |||||||
| 1981 | |||||||
| 1986 | |||||||
| 1990 | Jiří Horák | 342,455 | 3.2 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Steady 0 | 9th | No seats |
| 1992 | Valtr Komárek Alexander Dubček |
648,125 | 6.8 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase 10 | 4th | Opposition |
Devolved assembly elections
Czech assembly elections
| Date | Leader | Votes | Seats | Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | ± | Size | |||
| 1990 | Jiří Horák | 296,165 | 4.11 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Steady 0 | 6th | No seats |
| 1992 | Jiří Horák | 422,736 | 6.53 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase 16 | 3rd | Opposition |
Slovak assembly elections
| Date | Leader | Votes | Seats | Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | ± | Size | |||
| 1928 | Ivan Dérer | 96,901 | 7.33 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase 4 | 4th | Template:Partial |
| 1935 | Ivan Dérer | 148,984 | 9.86 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase 4 | 3rd | Template:Partial |
Czech Republic wide elections
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Legislative elections
Senate elections
- Notes
- In 1996, the whole Senate elected (81 seats), while in next elections only one third of seats is to be contested.
Presidential elections
| Indirect election | Candidate | First round result | Second round result | Third round result | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Result | Votes | % | Result | Votes | % | Result | |||
| 1998 | Václav Havel | 130 | 70.65 | Template:Depends | 146 | 52.3 | Template:Yes2 | — | |||
| 2003 | rowspan=4; style="background-color: Template:Party color" width="2px"| | ||||||||||
| Jaroslav Bureš | 46 | 17.04 | Template:No2 | — | |||||||
| Miloš Zeman | 83 | 30.18 | Template:No2 | — | |||||||
| Jan Sokol | 128 | 46.55 | Template:Depends | 129 | 48.13 | Template:Depends | 124 | 46.6 | Template:No2 | ||
| 2008 | rowspan=2; style="background-color: Template:Party color" width="2px"| | Jan Švejnar | 138 | 49.82 | Template:Depends | 135 | 48.74 | Template:Depends | 113 | 44.84 | Template:No2 |
| 128 | 49.10 | Template:Depends | 141 | 47.19 | Template:Depends | 111 | 44.05 | Template:No2 | |||
| Direct election | Candidate | First round result | Second round result | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Result | Votes | % | Result | |||
| 2013 | style="background-color: Template:Party color" width="2px"| | Jiří Dienstbier Jr. | 829,297 | 16.12 | 4th | Supported Miloš Zeman | ||
| 2018 | No candidate | |||||||
| 2023 | Josef Středula | withdrawn | ||||||
European Parliament elections
| Election | List leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | EP Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | Libor Rouček | 204,903 | 8.78 (#5) | Template:Composition bar | New | PES |
| 2009 | Jiří Havel | 528,132 | 22.39 (#2) | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase 5 | S&D |
| 2014 | Jan Keller | 214,800 | 14.17 (#3) | Template:Composition bar | Template:Decrease 3 | |
| 2019 | Pavel Poc | 93,664 | 3.95 (#8) | Template:Composition bar | Template:Decrease 4 | − |
| 2024 | Lubomír Zaorálek | 55,260 | 1.86 (#9) | Template:Composition bar | Template:Steady 0 |
Regional elections
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | Votes | % | Councillors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 344,441 | 14.67 | Template:Composition bar |
| 2004 | 297,083 | 14.03 | Template:Composition bar |
| 2008 | 1,044,719 | 35.86 | Template:Composition bar |
| 2012 | 621,961 | 23.58 | Template:Composition bar |
| 2016 | 386,150 | 15.25 | Template:Composition bar |
| 2020 | 185,714 | 6.71 | Template:Composition bar |
| 2024 | 83,829 | 3.52 | Template:Composition bar |
Local elections
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | % | Councillors |
|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 8.7 | 1,628 |
| 1998 | 17.54 | 4,259 |
| 2002 | 15.57 | 4,664 |
| 2006 | 16.61 | 4,331 |
| 2010 | 19.68 | 4,584 |
| 2014 | 12.65 | 3,773 |
| 2018 | 5.17 | 1,882 |
| 2022 | 2.49 | 799 |
Prague municipal elections
| Year | Leader | Vote | % | Seats | +/− | Place | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 484,484 | 5.6 | Template:Composition bar | 4th | Opposition | ||
| 1994 | Jiří Paroubek | 2,435,279 | 8.6 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Steady | 4th | Opposition |
| 1998 | Jiří Paroubek | 363,917 | 17.5 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase5 | 3rd | Coalition |
| 2002 | Jiří Paroubek | 656,936 | 14.7 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase2 | 3rd | Coalition |
| 2006 | Petra Buzková | 4,197,631 | 15.9 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Steady | 2nd | Opposition |
| 2010 | Jiří Dienstbier Jr. | 615,209 | 17.9 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Increase7 | 2nd | Coalition |
| 2014 | Miloslav Ludvík | 2,160,963 | 10.4 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Decrease11 | 5th | Coalition |
| 2018 | Jakub Landovský | 727,826 | 2.9 | Template:Composition bar | Template:Decrease8 | 8th | No seats |
Chairmen
Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party in Austria
- Josef Boleslav Pecka (1878–1893)
- Josef Hybeš (1887–1893)
Czechoslavonic Social Democratic Workers' Party
- Josef Steiner (1893–1904)
- Antonín Němec (1904–1915)
- Bohumír Šmeral (1916–1917)
Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party
- Antonín Němec (1917–1925)
- Antonín Hampl (1925–1938)
Czechoslovak Social Democracy
- Zdeněk Fierlinger (1945–1947)
- Bohumil Laušman (1947–1948)
Czechoslovak Social Democracy in-exile
- Blažej Vilím (1948)
- Václav Majer (1948–1972)
- Vilém Bernard (1972–1989)
- Karel Hrubý
Czechoslovak Social Democracy
- Slavomír Klaban (1989–1990)
- Jiří Horák (1990–1993)
Czech Social Democratic Party
- Miloš Zeman (28 February 1993 – April 2001)
- Vladimír Špidla (April 2001 – 26 July 2004)
- Stanislav Gross (26 July 2004 – 26 April 2005)
- Bohuslav Sobotka (2005–2006; acting)
- Jiří Paroubek (2006–2010)
- Bohuslav Sobotka (2011–2017)
- Milan Chovanec (2017–2018; acting)
- Jan Hamáček (2018–2021)
- Roman Onderka (2021; acting)
- Michal Šmarda (2021–2024)
- Jana Maláčová (since 2024)
Notes
References
External links
Template:Social Democracy (SOCDEM) Template:Party of European Socialists Template:Czech political parties Template:Authority control