Soviet aircraft carrier Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk (Template:Lang-rus), Soviet designation Project 1143.7, was a STOBAR aircraft carrier laid down at the now-defunct Black Sea Shipyard on 25 November 1988 as the first of a class of nuclear-powered supercarriers for the Soviet Navy. It was intended for the first ship to offer true blue water naval aviation capability for the Soviet Union, as the ship would have been equipped with two steam catapults that could launch heavier fixed-wing aircraft, representing a major advance over the comparatively smaller Template:Sclass, which could only launch lighter/partly loaded aircraft via a bow ski-jump. However, construction of Ulyanovsk was stopped at about 40% due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the unfinished hull was later scrapped in early 1992.<ref>Culp, Wesley. “The Soviets Tried and Failed to Build a Nuclear-Powered Aircraft Carrier to Match US Flattops.” Business Insider, 8 June 2022, https://www.businessinsider.com/the-soviets-tried-failed-to-build-nuclear-powered-aircraft-carrier-2022-6. </ref>
History
Background
The Soviet Union's Nevsky Engineering Design Bureau developed the third-generation heavy aircraft cruiser Kuznetsov with Su-33 in the 1980s (Plan 1143.5/Order 105) and the Varyag aircraft carrier (Plan 1143.6/Order 106), at the same time, in December 1984, the construction of the fourth-generation large-scale nuclear-powered heavy aircraft cruiser began. The plan number was "Plan 1143.7", and the preliminary design was completed in 1986. On November 25, 1988, construction for "Order 107" ― named Ulyanovsk ― officially began at the Black Sea Shipyard.
To this end, the Soviet government allocated funds to carry out the second large-scale technical transformation of the Black Sea Shipyard, including:
- the construction of an assembly and welding workshop, allowing the hull to be increased in sections to 200 tons;
- a 350-ton self-propelled flatbed truck;
- a transport lane from the new workshop to the slipway;
- the length of No. 0 slipway was lengthened by 30 meters;
- a horizontal slipway-side platform with a total weight of 1,700 tons;
- installing a slipway and slipway-side platform;
- two new gantry cranes each with a lifting capacity of 900 tons, and other new cranes, bringing the number of cranes used on the entire slipway to ten;
- a river channel to ensure that the Ulyanovsk would be able to go to sea in the future.
Ending
Due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the amount of funding to complete the carrier was insufficient, and the aircraft carrier construction plan was suspended. As of November 1991, Ulyanovsk was only 40% complete.
The No. 2 ship "Plan 1143.8" originally planned to be built was also cancelled at the same time.
Design
Ulyanovsk was based upon the 1975 Project 1153 Orel, which did not get beyond blueprints. The initial commissioned name was to be Kremlin, but was later given the name Ulyanovsk<ref name="nwcr_flightops">Template:Cite journal</ref> after the Soviet city of Ulyanovsk, which was originally named Simbirsk but later renamed after Vladimir Lenin's original name because he was born there.
It would have been 85,000 tonnes in displacement (larger than the older Template:Sclass carriers but smaller than contemporary Template:Sclass of the U.S. Navy). Ulyanovsk would have been able to launch the full range of fixed-wing carrier aircraft, as it was equipped with two catapults as well as a ski jump. The configuration would have been very similar to U.S. Navy carriers though with the typical Soviet practice of adding anti-ship missile (ASM) and surface-to-air missile (SAM) launchers. Its hull was laid down in 1988, but construction was cancelled at 40% complete in January 1991 and a planned second unit was never laid down.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
In accordance with Decree No. 69-R of February 4, 1992, signed by the First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine Kostyantyn Masyk, on February 5, 1992, scrapping of the ship's hull structures began. By October 29, 1992, the slipway was free, and the ship (order 107) had ceased to exist.
Air group
The Ulyanovsk air group was to include 68 aircraft with the following planned composition:<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
- 44 fighter aircraft, combination of Sukhoi Su-33 (Su-27K) and Mikoyan MiG-29K fighters, there is a possible chance of using Su-47s (as in replica model)
- 6 Yakovlev Yak-44 RLD airborne early warning aircraft
- 16 Kamov Ka-27 anti-submarine warfare helicopters
- 2 Ka-27PS air-sea rescue helicopters
The ship was to be equipped with two "Mayak" steam catapults made by the Proletarian Factory in Leningrad, a ski-jump, and four arresting gear. For storing aircraft, it was to have a 175×32×7.9-m hangar deck with aircraft elevated to the flight deck by three elevators with carrying capacities of 50 tons (two on the starboard side and one on the port). The stern was intended to house the "Luna" optical landing guidance system.
See also
- List of ships of the Soviet Navy
- List of ships of Russia by project number
- Project 23000 aircraft carrier
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
- Hazegray.org entry.
- Project 1143.7 Orel Ul'yanovsk class, GlobalSecurity.org.
- A Brief Look at Russian Aircraft Carrier Development, Robin J. Lee.
Template:Soviet and Russian ships after 1945 Template:Ukrainian ships