Spin room
Template:Short description In the United States, a spin room, also known as spin row<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> or spin alley,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="TribCritic">Template:Cite web</ref> is an area in which reporters can speak with debate participants and/or their representatives after a debate. The name refers to the fact that the participants will attempt to "spin" or influence the perception of the debate among the assembled reporters. The benefit for reporters is that they quickly get in-person interviews with debaters or their representatives, complete with audio, video, and photos. For a U.S. presidential debate, the number of reporters in the spin room can number into the thousands.<ref name="TwitterSpin">Template:Cite web</ref>
History
The earliest recorded spin room was set up by the Reagan Campaign in 1984. In a hotel banquet room, campaign officials spoke on the record with talking points playing up their own candidate's debate performance and minimizing opponent Walter Mondale's success, despite many observers believing Mondale had won. This operation was dubbed the "spin patrol."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Operation
A spin room may also be active before a debate.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A common form of pre-debate spin is for each side to try to raise expectations for the opposing debater and lower expectations for their own team, a pursuit known as playing the "expectations game".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
During the 2020 U.S. general election debates, in order to reduce person-to-person viral contagion during the COVID-19 pandemic, the physical spin room was entirely supplanted by digital campaign operations and remote interviews with media surrogates while reporters watched the debate from home.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Criticism
Some observers have criticized the overt nature of the media manipulation in spin rooms, and the media's willing participation in it.<ref name="TribCritic"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Defenders have said reporters know it's scripted and aren't persuaded by the spin, but rather, they use the talking points to analyze candidates' strategies.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Spin rooms can occasionally include moments of candor, such as when presidential candidate Rick Perry admitted that he had "stepped in it" during a debate response that became known as his "oops" moment.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Spin rooms have also been portrayed as outdated in an era of instant online reaction from all quarters before a debate is even over.<ref name="TwitterSpin"/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Focus groups and instant post-debate "snap polls" attempt to provide a more scientific method than spin rooms in determining who has won a debate.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>