St. Mary's College of Maryland

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St. Mary's College of Maryland (SMCM) is a public liberal arts college in St. Mary's City, Maryland.<ref name="msa.maryland.gov">Maryland State Archives, Online Manual, "St. Mary's College Of Maryland: Origin & Functions" http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/25univ/stmarys/html/stmarysf.html Template:Webarchive</ref><ref name="msche.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="mhec.state.md.us">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> Established in 1840, St. Mary's College is an honors college that claims to "offer an experience similar to that of an elite liberal arts college".<ref name="chronicle.com" /> With about 1,600 enrolled students, the institution offers bachelor's degrees in 21 disciplines,<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> as well as a master's program and certification programs.<ref name="nces.e8d.gov"/>

The college shares much of its campus with Historic St. Mary's City, the site of Maryland's first colony and capital.<ref name="msa.maryland.gov" /><ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> It is also the site of the fourth colony in British North America. The Historical Archaeology Field School is jointly operated by St. Mary's College of Maryland and Historic St. Mary's City.<ref name="Mary 2012">"Historic St. Mary's City Wins Archaeology Award", Baynet, Baltimore, MD - January 23, 2012, {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The campus and the rest of St. Mary's City combined are considered to be one of the premier archaeological sites in the United States.<ref name="Mary 2012"/>

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History

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St. Mary's Female Seminary in 1890

St. Mary's College of Maryland is located on the original site of Maryland's first colony, St. Mary's City,<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com"/> which was also the first capital of Maryland<ref name="ReferenceA">"ST. MARY'S COUNTY, MARYLAND: HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY", Maryland Manual Online, Maryland State Archives, Government of the State of Maryland, http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/36loc/sm/chron/html/smchron.html Template:Webarchive</ref> and is considered to be the birthplace of religious freedom in America.<ref name="ReferenceB">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="stmaryscity.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Colonial St. Mary's City was actually only a town, and at its peak had between 500 and 600 residents. However, as the colony quickly expanded and settlements spread throughout what is now eastern Maryland, the town remained the capital. Representatives would travel from all over the colony to participate in the Maryland General Assembly, the colony's first legislative body.

The Colony was founded under a mandate by the colonial proprietor, Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, that the settlers follow religious tolerance of each other.<ref name="stmaryscity.org"/><ref name="Cecilius Calvert 1633">Cecilius Calvert, "Instructions to the Colonists by Lord Baltimore, (1633)" in Clayton Coleman Hall, ed., Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684 (NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910), 11-23.</ref><ref name="Lois Green Carr 1671">Dr. Lois Green Carr, "Margaret Brent (ca. 1601-1671)", MSA SC 3520-2177, Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series), http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/002100/002177/html/bio.html Template:Webarchive</ref> The first settlers were Protestants and Catholics during a time of persecution of the latter,<ref name="Lois Green Carr 1671"/> and this mandate was unprecedented then as England had been wracked by religious conflict for centuries.

The college's name, "St. Mary's," commemorates Maryland's first colony, "St. Mary's City", which once stood where the college stands now. It has been coeducational since 1949.

Academics

St. Mary's College offers 21 majors (with 5 additional in development), 29 minors, seven pre-professional programs and it has a master's program in education. It is a public honors college,<ref name="mhec.state.md.us"/><ref name="chronicle.com">Template:Cite news</ref> one of only two such colleges in the United States. As such, it maintains a core honors-level curriculum<ref name=CoreCurriculum>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> that all of its students, regardless of major, must complete.

The college underwent its first ever large-scale program review or program prioritization process in February 2021, resulting in the discontinuation of several majors and minors.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

It has an 81% overall graduation rate (including longer than four years).<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> The college has a 70% four-year graduation rate,<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> the highest of any public institution in Maryland<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> and third highest in the United States among public colleges.<ref>"State Legislature Approves Tuition Reduction Measure for St. Mary's College of Maryland", April 11, 2014, Southern Maryland Online http://somd.com/news/headlines/2014/18073.shtml Template:Webarchive</ref> 69% of students pursue dual concurrent degrees or dual minors, which may take longer than four years, in some cases. 10% of students transfer from St. Mary's College to other institutions <ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> and 83% of students enroll for a second year.<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" />

79% of students are receiving financial aid,<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> with 66% of students receiving grants or scholarships.<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" />

The school is a member of Phi Beta Kappa society.<ref name="pbk.org"/>

Tuition

According to the Maryland Higher Education Commission, St. Mary's College, despite being a public institution, competes mostly with elite private colleges.<ref name="mgaleg.maryland.gov">"R14D00, St. Mary's College of Maryland: Analysis of the FY 2015 Maryland Executive Budget -- 2014 Operating Budget Data Analysis in Brief / Major Trends", Garret T. Halbach, Analysis of the FY 2015 Maryland Executive Budget, 2014; Page 2, Maryland Higher Education Commission, http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/Pubs/BudgetFiscal/2015fy-budget-docs-operating-R14D00-St-Marys-College-of-Maryland.pdf</ref> The commission reported in 2014 that the cost of obtaining a degree at St. Mary's College is $30,000 less when compared to the average costs of the elite private colleges that it competes with.<ref name="mgaleg.maryland.gov"/>

Accreditation and charter

The college is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /><ref name="msche.org"/>

Although it is a state-operated institution, St. Mary's is independent of the University System of Maryland as it opted out of the system in 1992. However, in early 2006, St. Mary's College joined the University of Maryland Academic Telecommunications System (UMATS), which interconnects the University System of Maryland with several other networks, including the Internet and Internet2 networks.<ref>Net Services. Template:Webarchive</ref>

Administration

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} St. Mary's College's current president, Rhonda Phillips, was appointed in 2025.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The school has 150 full-time faculty,<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> 14 of whom are current Fulbright scholars (the college faculty has earned 30 Fulbright research awards in the past 20 years). There is a 9:1 student-to-faculty ratio,<ref name="nces.e8d.gov" /> one of the lowest in the nation.

Programs

Overseas programs

Approximately 46% of St. Mary's College students study abroad, half of them for a full semester or more. The Institute of International Education has recognized St. Mary's College as being 17th in the nation (public and private schools combined) for the percentage of its undergraduate students who study abroad for at least one semester.<ref name="iie.org">"U.S. Study Abroad: Leading Institutions by Undergraduate Participation and Institutional Type" Open Doors Data, Institute of International Education, 2011/2012, http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data/US-Study-Abroad/Leading-Institutions-by-Undergraduate-Participation/2011-12 Template:Webarchive</ref>

Music

The Fiske Guide to Colleges ranked St. Mary's College as one of the best small universities/colleges in the U.S. for music study since 2003, and was the only public liberal arts college listed. St. Mary's College removed the music major in 2021, however, and added a new Performing Arts major.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Fulbright program

St. Mary's College has had many students and faculty win Fulbright awards.<ref name="https">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Southern Maryland Online">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the 2009–2010 academic year, the college had the second highest number of student Fulbright winners of any public liberal arts college in the nation.<ref name="Southern Maryland Online"/>

In the 2011–2012 academic year, the college had the third highest number of faculty Fulbright winners in the United States among public and private baccalaureate colleges (undergraduate colleges).<ref name="https"/>

Historical studies

Since 1840, the school has been charged by the state in various capacities in researching,<ref name="smcm.edu">"Center for the Study of Democracy: Purpose and Inspiration for Our Work", St. Mary's College of Maryland, CFSOD, {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> interpreting and memorializing Maryland history at the site of Maryland's first colony and capitol,<ref name="smcm.edu"/> St. Mary's City, Maryland,<ref name="smcm.edu"/> which is also where the college is located.<ref name="smcm.edu"/>

Historical Archaeology Field School

In this capacity St. Mary's College of Maryland, in partnership with Historic St. Mary's City,<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com"/><ref name="autogenerated1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">Template:Cite book</ref> also runs the Historical Archaeology Field School<ref name="autogenerated1"/> which is an internationally recognized institution. The field school has worked on over 300 archaeological dig sites in the St. Mary's City area over the last 40 years.<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com"/>

School's inspirational historic grounding

This research also includes a special focus and draws inspiration from local milestone historical events related to the struggle for establishment of democracy in Maryland,<ref name="smcm.edu"/> in many of its aspects,<ref name="smcm.edu"/> including:

  • The early development of representative legislature in Maryland.<ref name="smcm.edu"/>
  • The struggle for the establishment of religious freedom in America.<ref name="smcm.edu"/>
  • The beginnings of the quest for women's suffrage in America.<ref name="smcm.edu"/>
  • The struggle for minority rights in America.<ref name="smcm.edu"/>
  • The beginnings of freedom of the press in the Southern colonies.<ref name="smcm.edu"/>

Institutions

The Center for the Study of Democracy

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The Center for the Study of Democracy is an interdisciplinary joint initiative of St. Mary's College of Maryland and Historic St. Mary's City.<ref name="autogenerated2" /><ref name="lexleader.net">"Pax Defense Forum to Focus on China Seas" Lexington Leader, Thursday, April 11, 2013 · http://lexleader.net/pax-defense-forum-focus-china-seas/ Template:Webarchive</ref>

The James P. Muldoon River Center

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The James P. Muldoon River Center is a biological research center located along the Saint Mary's River. The center administers the Saint Mary's River Project and the university's geothermal operations.

The Slackwater Center

The Slackwater Center studies the current events, culture and history of St. Mary's County and other rural Chesapeake Bay and Southern Maryland communities.<ref name="m.somdnews.com">"SlackWater takes St. Mary's oral histories, essays online: Project continues, but future of printed journals uncertain", Jason Babcock, Wednesday, March 27, 2013, {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>"More Than Oral History: The Slackwater Center Investigates the Meaning of "Rural", J. A. King, 10/21/2005, Bay Net, {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its focus is interdisciplinary and it studies the region from both an historical and contemporary point of view.<ref name="m.somdnews.com"/><ref name="More Than Oral History 2005">"More Than Oral History: The Slackwater Center Investigates the Meaning of "Rural", J. A. King, October 21, 2005, Bay Net, {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The center studies, records and documents as well as interprets and reports on current and historical life in Chesapeake Bay communities.<ref name="m.somdnews.com"/><ref name="More Than Oral History 2005"/> The center also has a public education mission. Students engage in historical research and historical interpretation as well as documenting oral histories<ref name="m.somdnews.com"/><ref>"Archaeology, Narrative, and the Politics of the Past: The View from Southern Maryland", Pages 68 and 41, Julia King, University of Tennessee Press; July 30, 2012, Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN</ref> of living residents.<ref name="m.somdnews.com"/> The center utilizes interdisciplinary collaboration<ref name="m.somdnews.com"/> and also fosters public education and debate.

It also publishes the Slackwater Journal<ref name="More Than Oral History 2005"/> and maintains an extensive archive.<ref name="autogenerated2"/><ref name="m.somdnews.com"/>

Historic St. Mary's City Commission

Historic St. Mary's City, which sits next to the college, is a State-run archaeological research, historical research, preservation and interpretation center and an indoor and outdoor museum complex.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> The area managed by the commission also includes a reconstructed colonial town and sailing ship, located on the historic site of Maryland's first colony.<ref name="autogenerated2"/>

St. Mary's College and Historic St. Mary's City jointly coordinate programs of study<ref name="autogenerated2"/> in archaeology, history, museum studies, African American studies, political science and theater. This includes both classroom and also hands-on opportunities in archaeological excavations, museums,<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com" /> and historic interpretation work.<ref name="Bay Journal 2006">Template:Cite news</ref>

The commission and its grounds are considered to be is a major center for colonial archaeological research and historical research in the United States.<ref name="Mary 2012"/> There have been over 200 archaeological digs in St. Mary's City worked on by the school over the last 30 years.<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com"/>

All St. Mary's Students may also attend St. Mary's City's public access historical sites and all of its museums for free, year round.<ref>Virtual Campus Tour Template:Webarchive.</ref>

The Maryland Heritage Project

The Maryland Heritage Project is also a collaboration between St. Mary's College of Maryland and Historic St. Mary's City.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> It focuses on the reconstruction of colonial buildings in the Historic St. Mary's City living history area,<ref name="autogenerated2"/> ongoing development of St. Mary's museum exhibits,<ref name="autogenerated2"/> and also indoor and outdoor historic interpretation.<ref name="autogenerated2"/>

This involves ongoing projects in archaeological research<ref name="autogenerated2"/> (including working on active archaeological excavations),<ref name="autogenerated2"/> historical research as well as management, preservation and analysis and interpretation of period artifacts and documents. The project also provides hands-on as well as classroom studies in archaeology, anthropology, democracy studies, history, international languages and cultures, and museum studies.

The Historical Archaeology Field School

St. Mary's College of Maryland and Historic St. Mary's Commission also jointly run the Historical Archaeology Field School every summer.<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com"/><ref>"Anthropology Department: Historic St. Mary's City", St. Mary's College of Maryland describes close and multi-leveled relationship between Historic St. Mary's City and St. Mary's College of Maryland, {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It hosts collection-based courses, beginner to advanced level archaeological field training and also summer institutes.<ref>Maryland Heritage Project. Template:Webarchive</ref> The school is attended by students from all over the United States and other countries as well.<ref name="Mary 2012"/><ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com"/> Many of its graduates now hold prominent positions in the field.<ref name="Mary 2012"/>

The students not only study, but also work in many of the active archaeological dig sites in St. Mary's City.<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com"/> Providing extensive hands-on experience, the school teaches all aspects of professional archaeological work, including working in real archaeological digs, analyzing and conserving artifacts,<ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com"/> as well as cataloging, archiving, and related historical research. The school has been in existence for more than 40 years.<ref name="Mary 2012"/><ref name="darkroom.baltimoresun.com"/>

St. Mary's College Archives

Other institutions

St. Mary's Baltimore Hall Library subscribes to 1,000 periodicals in print and has access to around 20,000 in electronic format. Furthermore, the school participates in the consortium of Maryland public colleges and universities (USMAI), through which library materials from 15 other institutes in the University of Maryland System are accessible.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The New Leadership for the Chesapeake program trains students' in environmental leadership and advocacy as it relates to the Chesapeake Bay. In addition to leadership and advocacy training, classes and field work also focus on the biological and resource management issues affecting the Bay. The program leads to a certificate.

A summer program that brings together notable authors, writers and educators to foster writers of novels, poetry and other venues.<ref name="somdnews3">Ted Pugh, Southern Maryland Newspapers Online, "Chesapeake Writers' Conference held in St. Mary's County St. Mary's College of Maryland hosts workshops on the 'meaningful art'", July 10, 2013, http://www.somdnews.com/article/20130710/NEWS/130719825/1115/chesapeake-writers-x2019-conference-held-in-st-mary-x2019-s-county&template=southernMaryland Template:Webarchive</ref> Workshops in writing, classes, lectures, mentoring by notable authors and faculty; creative nonfiction, fiction and poetry are offered.<ref name="somdnews3"/>

The Rising Tide is the journal of educational studies written by student interns and faculty of the Master of Education program at St. Mary's College of Maryland, named after the adage "A rising tide lifts all boats."

St. Mary's College students receive training in curation, planning and design of gallery exhibitions and special programs at the Boyden Gallery.<ref>Chelsea Bradcovich, The Point News, February 9, 2010 "Students Gain Valuable Experience Designing Boyden Gallery Exhibit" http://thepointnews.com/2010/02/students-gain-valuable-experience-designing-boyden-gallery-exhibit Template:Webarchive</ref> Starting in 2014 the Boyden Gallery and the St. Mary's College of Maryland Masters in Teaching program entered into a partnership with St. Mary's County schools to foster and display works by promising local students.<ref name="somd.com">"SMCM Offers Young Artists Venue to Display Work", Southern Maryland Online, May 19, 2014, http://somd.com/news/headlines/2014/18218.shtml Template:Webarchive</ref> The program involved St. Mary's College of Maryland faculty and students in working with local young artists. The program also sponsored a professionally juried competition and a special yearly exhibitions.<ref name="somd.com" />

Campus

Athletics

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Sailing team

St. Mary's College teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III. The Seahawks are a member of the United East Conference. Prior to July 2021, the Seahawks belonged to the Coast to Coast Athletic Conference.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

Between 2006 and 2020, at least 48% of Seahawk student-athletes were named to the Capital Athletic Conference's All-Academic team.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

St. Mary's College's mascot is the Seahawk, which is a nickname for the osprey. The St. Mary's College Seahawk mascot is named Solomon.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Student life

Undergraduate demographics as of Fall 2023<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Race and ethnicity Total
White Template:Bartable
Black Template:Bartable
Hispanic Template:Bartable
Two or more races Template:Bartable
Asian Template:Bartable
Unknown Template:Bartable
Economic diversity
Low-incomeTemplate:Efn Template:Bartable
AffluentTemplate:Efn Template:Bartable

Housing

Approximately 1,600 students live on campus and in traditional-style residence halls, and about 300 students commute.

On campus living includes dorms, suites, apartments, and townhouses. Within the residences there are four living-learning centers on campus: an International Languages & Cultures (ILC) House; a Women In Science House (WISH); a Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies (WGSX) House and an Eco-House. Furthermore, there are Substance and Alcohol Free Environment (SAFE) suites and apartments on campus, as well as part of a residence hall.

The majority of the on-campus student population lives in traditional college dormitories, group suite apartments and townhouses; 85% of students live on campus.

St. Mary's College does not have any social sororities or fraternities. Instead, part of its student residences run on a house system. Each house has its own educational theme, so residents may form community around shared interests.

Campus residence houses include:

  • International Languages & Cultures (ILC) House
  • Women In Science House (WISH)
  • Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies (WGSX) House
  • Eco-House
  • Furthermore, there are Substance and Alcohol-Free Environment (SAFE) suites and apartments on campus, as well as part of a residence hall.
  • Open Housing, for transgender and nonbinary students, and other students not wishing to live in same-sex or same-gender dorm housing.

Student participation in governance

St. Mary's College of Maryland has an active Student Government Association (SGA). The SGA charters clubs, promotes campus events and activities, works closely with the administration to help guide student-related policy, and works to promote student engagement in campus life through representation and programming. Senators, elected by the student body, represent constituents divided by housing (or commuters). The executive board (president, vice president, treasurer, etc.) are also elected by the student body.

The student trustee, a voting member of the board of trustees and an ex officio member of the SGA, is chosen from among the students to act as a direct link between the student body and the board of trustees.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Aside from the student trustee position, students also participate in numerous other committees with faculty and other members of the administration.

Honors organizations

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Seven Wonders

The Garden of Remembrance, one of the campus "Seven Wonders" and a popular spot for weddings

The Seven Wonders are seven notable campus landmarks. New students are inducted into the traditions of SMCM by orientation leaders in a tour of the Seven Wonders during orientation.

The seven "wonders" are:

  1. The Shoe Tree
  2. The Bell Tower
  3. A clearing on St. John's Pond on the Side of Queen Ann (see above)
  4. Maryland Freedom of Conscience Statue on Route 5 (a.k.a. The Naked Man)
  5. Garden of Remembrance Fountain
  6. "Hidden" Grave
  7. Church Point

Sustainability

Black-eyed Susans, the state flower of Maryland.<ref>"MARYLAND AT A GLANCE: STATE SYMBOLS, Maryland State Flower - Black-Eyed Susan" Maryland State Archives, Maryland Manual Online, http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/flower.html Template:Webarchive</ref> Seed packets of black eyed Susans are given out at some St. Mary's College ceremonies and students are encouraged to plant them around the campus.

The college runs a composting system to handle the majority of its biodegradable waste.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/> St. Mary's College is transitioning to 100% environmentally responsible Green Seal certified cleaning products.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/>Template:When

Goodpaster Hall, an academic building devoted to chemistry, psychology, and educational studies that opened in January 2008, was built to a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating of Silver,<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov">State of Maryland Higher Education Commission, "St. Mary's College of Maryland – Green Initiatives" http://mhec.maryland.gov/highered/green/smcmgreen.asp Template:Webarchive</ref> and is one of few "green" buildings in the state of Maryland.<ref>Goodpaster Hall: Office of Development. Template:Webarchive</ref>

St. Mary's College's groundskeeping crews implement sustainable practices, including protecting the St. Mary's River by developing green buffer areas, creating green spaces and wildlife habitat, using integrated pest management and minimizing synthetic fertilizers.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/> SMCM has applied to the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/>

St. Mary's College is expanding its recycling and composting programs.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/> Student volunteers have been collecting recyclable and compostable material from the residences.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/> Compostable bins will soon be available all across campus.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/>

Energy conservation

St. Mary's College students voted to create a Green Energy Fund by raising student fees $25 per year.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/> The purpose of the Green Energy Fund is to purchase Renewable Energy Credits to offset 100% of the college's electricity use and fund renewable energy projects on campus.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/> St. Mary's College received the 2008 EPA Green Power Leadership Club award for their efforts.<ref name="mhec.maryland.gov"/>

Notable alumni

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  • Kay Aldridge 1934, actor and model<ref name="auto2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Alan Bean, astronaut and artist, took art classes at SMCM while attending the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School<ref name="auto6">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Emily Clayton Bishop 1900, sculptor<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1"/>
  • Maria Briscoe Croker 1891, first poet laureate of Maryland<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1"/>
  • Julie Croteau 1993, first woman to play and coach men's NCAA baseball<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Notes

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References

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