Stanley, County Durham
Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:For Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox UK place
Stanley is a town and civil parish in County Durham in England. Centred on a hilltop between Chester-le-Street and Consett, Stanley lies south-west of Gateshead. The town's name is derived from the Old English stān and lēah, meaning "stony woodland clearing".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The local economy was once based on coal-mining and other heavy industries; with their disappearance or substantial decline, Stanley is now primarily a commuter town.<ref name=StanleyVision> Template:Cite report</ref> Its core began to grow in the nineteenth century through the expansion and merger of the mining villages of East Stanley and West Stanley.<ref> Template:Cite web </ref>
The civil parish, created in 2007,<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Refn incorporates the town of Stanley and the following villages and settlements: to the north of the town centre, Shield Row, Kip Hill, and Causey; to the east, No Place; to the south-east, Bloemfontein, The Middles, and Craghead; to the south, South Moor and Quaking Houses; to the south-west, Oxhill, Catchgate, New Kyo, Greencroft, and Annfield Plain; to the west, West Kyo and Harelaw; and to the north-west, Tanfield Lea, Harperley, White-le-Head, Tantobie, Coppy, Tanfield, and Clough Dene.<ref name=CouncilAreaMap> Template:Cite map</ref><ref name=VisionMap> Template:Cite map</ref>
History
Some archaeological evidence of possible Iron Age and Roman activity has been found in the Stanley area.<ref>Historic England: possible Iron Age/Roman ditched enclosure; coin of Marcus Aurelius (161–180Template:NbspAD); signal station. Durham Historic Environment Record: possible fortlet; possible road. Retrieved 10 June 2024.</ref>
Stanley is referred to in an early thirteenth century episcopal Template:LangTemplate:Snda documented decisionTemplate:Sndof Richard Poore, Bishop of Durham from 1228 to 1237. Dated between 1228 and 1234, it confirms the granting of the vill of Stanley and some land in Durham to William de Kilkenny.<ref> Template:Cite book</ref>
The first printed map of the Bishopric of Durham was created in 1576. Published in 1579 as part of the cartographer Christopher Saxton's county atlas, it shows Stanley as "Standley".<ref> Template:Cite map Part of Saxton's Atlas of the Counties of England and Wales.</ref> In 1611, John Speed, a famous English mapmaker who built on Saxton's work, created a map of the bishopric that also shows Stanley as "Standley".<ref> Template:Cite map This map is part of Speed's atlas The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine. "Standley" is listed in the index of placenames appended to the version published in the atlas.</ref>
The 1909 West Stanley Pit Disaster, one of the worst in the history of British coal mining, occurred at West Stanley Colliery on 16 February of that year.<ref> Template:Cite news</ref> 168 men and boys were killed.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> An explosion at the same colliery in 1882 had killed 13 men.<ref> Template:Cite news</ref> On 22 August 1947, an explosion at the Louisa Morrison Colliery killed 22 men.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref><ref> Template:Cite news</ref>
Stanley was served by the Stanhope and Tyne Railway, which had two stations in the town: West Stanley, and Annfield Plain. Both closed in 1955.<ref> Template:Cite book</ref>
Tanfield Lea was the site of the Ever Ready company's largest British battery factory, a major local employer. The factory opened, to much fanfare, in 1968,<ref name=EverReadyOpen> Template:Cite news</ref> had around 950 employeesTemplate:Sndmainly former minersTemplate:Snd at its peak in the 1970s, and closed in 1996.<ref name=EverReadyClosure> Template:Cite web</ref> The British Steel plant in the neighbouring town of Consett (some Template:Convert from Stanley) also had many ex-miners among the several thousand employed when it closed in 1980, part of a wave of redundancies affecting workers in the traditional heavy industries of the region.<ref name=SteelClosure> Template:Cite news</ref>
The Stanley Blues Festival took place on the first weekend in August between 1993 and 2007, with appearances by local, national, and international blues artists and other musical acts. Nearly 15,000 people attended in 2002, the event's tenth anniversary.<ref name=BluesFest2002> Template:Cite news</ref> With support from the then-Derwentside District Council, Durham County Council, and the regional arm of Arts Council England, admission was free.<ref name=BluesFest2001> Template:Cite web</ref>
In mid-2023, Stanley Town Council handed back Stanley Civic Hall, the town's long-standing arts venue and community hub, to Durham County Council.<ref> Template:Cite news</ref><ref> Template:Cite web</ref> Amidst political controversy,<ref> Template:Cite news</ref><ref> Template:Cite web</ref> it closed shortly afterwards, and was put up for sale in early 2024.<ref> Template:Cite news</ref> The Civic Hall was formerly known as the Lamplight Arts Centre, which opened in 1961. The council had taken over its running in mid-2013.<ref> Template:Cite news</ref> The Civic Hall hosted concerts, recitals, plays and shows in the Alun Armstrong Theatre, had an independent cinema, put on exhibitions, held classes and seminars, and was a weddings and corporate events venue.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
In late 2023, the owners of the Beamish Football Centre training ground<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> announced that government funding had been secured for a major refurbishment and upgrade, with work starting in 2024.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
Local government
Stanley, whose boundaries have changed over the years,<ref> Butler, David (1995), introduction to "Stanley 1895: Old Ordnance Survey Maps (Godfrey Edition), Co Durham Sheet 12.06a" (map), Template:Isbn; Godfrey, Alan (2013), introduction to "Stanley 1915: Old Ordnance Survey Maps (Godfrey Edition), Co Durham Sheet 12.06b" (map), Template:Isbn. c. 1:4224. Consett, Co Durham: Alan Godfrey Maps.</ref> has successively been part of the Lanchester Poor Law Union (from 1837 onwards);<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> Stanley Local Board (1892);<ref name=Kelly's1914> Template:Cite web</ref> Stanley Urban District (1894);<ref name=Kelly's1914 />Template:Refn Derwentside District (1974);<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Refn and County Durham (2009).Template:Refn
Stanley is in the UK parliamentary constituency of North Durham. Since July 2024, this has been represented in the House of Commons by Luke Akehurst of the Labour Party.
Town Council
Since 2007, Stanley Town Council has provided the first tier of local government. The council has the statutory right to do whatever it considers will improve the economic, social or environmental well-being of the area.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> It has a duty to provide allotments and to take into account the potential impact of every policy and action on reducing crime. The council's powers include the provision and maintenance of bus shelters, community centres, play areas and play equipment, and the awarding of grants to local community organisations. It can also issue fixed penalty fines for offences such as littering, graffiti, fly-posting, and contraventions of dog control orders.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
The town council has 20 councillors, elected every four years by electors in the seven parish wards.Template:Refn The last election was in 2021 for the 2021Template:Endash2025 term. Each year the councillors elect, from amongst themselves, a town mayor and deputy, and a council leader and deputy.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
County Council
Durham County Council provides the second tier of local government. Eight Stanley town councillors serve on the county council.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> Its responsibilities include education, housing, social services, highways, planning, and refuse collection.
In May 2024, the county council became part of a new upper tier of local government, the North East Combined Authority, led by Mayor Kim McGuinness of the Labour Party.
| Councillor | Division | Political Party |
|---|---|---|
| Christine Bell | Annfield Plain | Derwentside Independents |
| Joan Nicholson | Annfield Plain | Derwentside Independents |
| Carole Hampson | Craghead and South Moor | Labour |
| Sam McMahon | Craghead and South Moor | Labour |
| Angela Hanson | Stanley | Labour |
| Carl Marshall | Stanley | Labour |
| Gordon Binney | Tanfield | Labour |
| Joyce Charlton | Tanfield | Derwentside Independents |
Area Action Partnership (AAP)
The Stanley AAP, one of 14 in County Durham, is a non-political organisation and funding body engaged with tackling local issues. It involves members of the public and representatives of Durham County Council and Stanley Town Council, the police, the fire brigade, health, housing, and education providers, business, and voluntary organisations.<ref name=AAP> Template:Cite web</ref> Stanley AAP publishes a directory of local activities and advice and support services.<ref name=AAP-Directory> Template:Cite web</ref>
Economy
The three largest employment sectors for residents in the local area are retail, manufacturing, and health and social work,<ref name=ocsi2019>OCSI for the Coalfields Regeneration Trust (16 January 2019). "Community Insight profile for 'Stanley Co Durham' area" (Report). Retrieved 27 July 2024Template:Sndvia Internet Archive.</ref>Template:Rp while the three largest industry groupsTemplate:Refn for local businesses are construction; professional, scientific, and technical services; and retail.<ref name=ocsi2019 />Template:Rp
Retailers in the town centre have faced significant competition from larger retail and leisure destinations elsewhere, including Clifford Road Retail Park, the MetroCentre, and Newcastle and Durham city centres. Online shopping, encouraged by the COVID-19 pandemic, has also changed shopping patterns and contributed to a weakening of footfall.<ref name=StanleyVision />Template:Rp
Stanley's main shopping area, Front Street, is pedestrianised, housing independent shops and chain stores such as Boots. A market is held on Thursdays and Saturdays:<ref name=market> Template:Cite web</ref> it has declined over the years.<ref name=ugly> Template:Cite news</ref>
The supermarkets Asda, Aldi, Iceland, and Morrisons have stores or outlets in the town. Fast-food and restaurant chains include Domino's Pizza, Greggs, and McDonald's. Stanley also has a Starbucks.
There are several prominent buildings in the centre of Stanley that are vulnerableTemplate:Refn or vacant.<ref name=StanleyVision />Template:Rp
Transport links
Via the A693, Stanley is about Template:Convert from Junction 63 of the A1(M) motorway. Stanley Bus Station<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> is an interchange for routes served by several operators.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
The nearest Tyne & Wear Metro stations are Felling, Stadium, and Gateshead, each around Template:Convert away; all three serve both lines of the Metro's network. The closest railway station, at Chester-le-Street, is on the East Coast Main Line and about Template:Convert from Stanley.
Newcastle International Airport and the Newcastle International Ferry Terminal are each about Template:Convert away.
Schools and libraries
As well as several primary schools,<ref> Template:Cite web </ref> Stanley has two secondary schools: North Durham Academy, and Tanfield School, a specialist science and engineering college. St Bede's Catholic School & Sixth Form College, an academy, is in the nearby village of Lanchester.
There are public libraries in Annfield Plain, South Moor, and at the Louisa Centre in Stanley,<ref name=AAP-Directory />Template:Rp with many others in the surrounding area.<ref name=libraries> Template:Cite web</ref>
Leisure and community activities
The C2C Cycle Route skirts Stanley to the north.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> This 140-mile (230 km) route links Whitehaven (Cumberland) on England's north-west coast with Roker Beach (Sunderland) on the north-east coast.
The Louisa Centre,<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> a sports and leisure complex, contains a gym, a 25-metre swimming pool (with a 300-seat spectators' gallery), a small pool, a sports hall, a shooting range, a soft play area, a nursery, meeting rooms, a café, and Stanley Library.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
South Moor Golf Course, lying south of the town and to the west of The Middles,<ref> Template:Google maps</ref> was founded in 1923 and first operated by the National Coal Board. Redesigned in 1925 by Alister MacKenzie, a famous golf course architect, the course has 18 holes. It has a practice area, a short-game area, a pro shop, and a clubhouse that can host functions.<ref name=SouthMoorGC> Template:Cite web</ref>
The Stanley Indoor Bowls Centre, with a large arena and grandstand, offers play for people of all ages and abilities.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> Inaugurated in 1977, it has hosted several top-level international events.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> The centre also provides meeting facilities for a range of community groups and clubs, and can be hired for private functions.
The Venue, a community centre and events space,<ref name=AAP-Directory />Template:Rp has facilities for dance and martial arts classes, sports, theatrical productions, concerts, weddings and parties, meetings, and cooking classes.<ref name=Venue-1> Template:Cite web</ref> It also has a small gym. Organisations based in or accessible via The Venue include Citizens Advice, Age UK, Foodbank, Community Money Advice, Welfare Rights, and Durham Action on Single Housing (DASH).<ref name=Venue-2> Template:Cite web</ref>
Youth clubs and activities for children
Under the umbrella of SAYC, the Stanley Area Youth Consortium,<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> trips and activities for children and young people in the wider Stanley area are offered by an array of youth clubs and voluntary associations.
These include Stanley Young People's Club, focused on the South Stanley and South Moor areas;<ref name=AAP-Directory />Template:Rp Oxhill Youth Club, founded in 1962,<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> which runs the Duke of Edinburgh's Award scheme locally; the Activity Den,<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> based in Tanfield Lea, active for nearly 20 years;<ref> Template:Cite news</ref> Clavering Youth Club;<ref name=AAP-Directory />Template:Rp Beamish Community Football Club;<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> North Road Gym, a boxing club for young amateurs;<ref name=AAP-Directory />Template:Rp PACT House, a community hub;<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> and several community halls, schools, and churches.
Notable people
- John Curr (c. 1756–1823), born in West Kyo, managed the Duke of Norfolk's collieries in Sheffield from 1781 to 1801. Several of his technological innovations contributed to the development of the coal-mining industry.
- John Buddle (1773–1843), born in West Kyo, was a prominent mining engineer and entrepreneur who helped improve the safety of coal-mining. His innovations included the use of the Davy Lamp.
- Jonathan Rodham (1843–1917), who lived in Oxhill before emigrating to the US, was Hillary Clinton's great-grandfather.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Thomas "Tommy" Armstrong (1848–1920), famed as a songwriter and music-hall performer, lived for most of his life in Tanfield Lea. He was known as "The Pitman Poet" and "The Bard of the Northern Coalfield".
- David Horsley (1873–1933), born in Stanley, was a founder of the Hollywood-based US film industry.
- Frank Keegan (?–1916), from West Stanley, was one of the heroes of the 1909 West Stanley Pit disaster<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Kevin Keegan's grandfather.
- Michael Heaviside (1880–1939), a miner who lived in Craghead, served in the Durham Light Infantry during the First World War, and in 1917 was awarded the Victoria Cross for his heroism during the Battle of Arras.
- Joseph Crawford (1910–1997), born in New Kyo, was a coal miner and trade unionist who became general secretary of NACODS, the National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies and Shotfirers (1960–1973), and was president of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in 1973. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1971.
- Tom Lamb (1928–2016) was a miner at Craghead Colliery and an artist who sketched and painted the underground life of miners as well as County Durham landscapes.
- Alun Armstrong (born 1946) is an actor from Annfield Plain.
- Micky Horswill (born 1953), from Annfield Plain, is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Sunderland, Manchester City, Plymouth Argyle, Hull City, Happy Valley (Hong Kong) and Carlisle United.
- Kim Darroch (born 1954), from South Stanley, was Britain's ambassador to the United States from 2016 to 2019.
- Mak Wilson (born 1957), from Shield Row, was a puppeteer for Jim Henson's Creature Shop and the BBC, working on films including Labyrinth, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Babe, and Muppets Most Wanted.
- Yvonne Ridley (born 1958), from Stanley, a journalist, author, and politician, was held captive by the Taliban in Afghanistan for 11 days in 2001.
- Glenn McCrory (born 1964), from Annfield Plain, was the IBF cruiserweight champion from 1989 to 1990.
- Brian Tinnion (born 1968) is a former Newcastle United and Bristol City footballer from Burnopfield.
- Carly Telford (born 1987), from Tanfield, is a former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Notts County Ladies F.C., Chelsea, and the England women's national football team.
- Lewis Miley (born 2006), from Stanley, is a professional footballer who plays mainly for Newcastle United and the England under-20 national team.
Memorials and commemorations
Memorials
Pit disasters
There are two memorials to the 1909 West Stanley Pit Disaster: one unveiled in 1913, four years after the event,<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> and another unveiled in 1995, 86 years after.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> In addition, a memorial headstone to mark the mass graves of those who died was dedicated in 2005.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref><ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
A memorial to the 1947 Louisa Morrison Pit Disaster was unveiled in 1997 on the fiftieth anniversary of the event,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and re-dedicated in 2018 after it was moved to another site.<ref> Template:Cite news</ref> A service to mark the seventy-fifth anniversary took place in Annfield Plain Park in 2022.<ref name=LM-75th> Template:Cite news</ref>
Wars
South Moor Memorial Park<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> was opened in 1920 and dedicated to the memory of employees of the South Moor Colliery Company who died in WWI.<ref> Template:Cite news (clipping).</ref> It was rededicated in 1950 to also commemorate those who died in WWII.<ref> Template:Cite web (handbill).</ref>Template:Refn
The war memorial in Annfield Plain Park is inscribed with the names of the 263 men of Annfield Plain who died in WWI and the 66 who died in WWII.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref> The memorial in Craghead, located off Edward Street, lists the names of the 109 local men who died in WWI and the 53 who died in WWII.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
The Masonic Hall in Stanley has a plaque commemorating members of the Coronation Lodge who served or were killed in WWI.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
Commemorations
Armed Forces Day, an official UK event, is observed on the last Saturday in June.
Miners' Sunday, a celebration of Stanley's heritage,<ref> Template:Cite news</ref> takes place in late August.<ref> Template:Cite web</ref>
Notes
References
Further reading
Books
- Template:Cite book A compilation of extracts from oral histories in Beamish Museum's audio archive.
- Template:Cite book Written by a grandson of Tommy Armstrong, this illustrated biography contains 30 previously published works and a further 16 that appeared in local newspapers.
- Template:Cite book An illustrated history of local collieries, with a short selection of mining poems.
- Template:Cite book A memoir.
- Template:Cite book A collection of photographs illustrating descriptions of local events and personalities and covering buildings, amenities, commerce, churches, collieries, and sport.
- Template:Cite book Lyrics of 25 songs, introduced by Tom Gilfellon.
Documentaries
- Template:Cite AV media A one-hour documentary, filmed over a period of six months, featuring the inhabitants and landscapes of Stanley and the surrounding area.
- Template:Cite serial June 1968: as managers and miners work hard to raise the Craghead colliery's output, with their families hoping for the future, the rumour is of imminent closure: can their efforts avert this?
External links
Template:Durham Template:Civil parishes in County Durham Template:Authority control